tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51018830017639845752024-02-08T00:46:41.277-05:00Studying Wars. Battlegrounds: Events, Places, the Mind.Posts of war: Religious, political, any conflict. Tell the stories, explore the mindsets. How do ideologies evolve. How are teachings exploited to serve violence. Who is served. Autonomy: depends on access to verifiable information. Gristmill. By Dint. Hub: <a href="https//www.studyingwar.com">Studying War</a>.Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.comBlogger102125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-28751507850717215972020-03-24T10:28:00.001-04:002020-06-18T07:45:44.763-04:00Healthcare wars. Disease as political and military weapon. Sicken the opposition.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Track biological warfare: Disease as a weapon to do the job of war. Tools range from early times: for the pre-modern, feudal era, find catapults used to hurl diseased animal and other carcasses over castle walls, <a href="http://www.medievalwarfare.info/">http://www.medievalwarfare.info/</a> (scroll to Para.7(, to 1346 and the likely intentional unleashing of plague,<a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/9/01-0536_article"> https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/9/01-0536_article</a>, the Siege of Caffa (now <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dp1jecCpqMs">Feodisija, Ukraine</a>), and passing off smallpox-ridden blankets in exchange for goods from indigenous peoples, see overviews<a href="https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history/devastating-and-diabolical-ancient-origins-biological-warfare-003188"> https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history/devastating-and-diabolical-ancient-origins-biological-warfare-003188</a>s<br />
<br />
Mere proximity and contamination through western diseases that were not necessarily mortal, became mortal when unleashed into indigenous populations who had no immunity. <a href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-01-31/european-colonization-americas-killed-10-percent-world-population-and-caused">https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-01-31/european-colonization-americas-killed-10-percent-world-population-and-caused</a><br />
<br />
Fast forward to coronavirus. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVeNPihny4BW_f93mV_5FfQvB4-0INIt_H3CjIOJsb4wWCGpezH88wfnt12QF2DeOcJBVOkNYvmYmmMo8vJwy3id_VMZl00jhjXA-KTqAh9OM2m64v-kfWpaxmc1O_VXz3Ya-Pf68QF7uH/s1600/100_2583.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVeNPihny4BW_f93mV_5FfQvB4-0INIt_H3CjIOJsb4wWCGpezH88wfnt12QF2DeOcJBVOkNYvmYmmMo8vJwy3id_VMZl00jhjXA-KTqAh9OM2m64v-kfWpaxmc1O_VXz3Ya-Pf68QF7uH/s320/100_2583.JPG" width="320" />Captive in health wars. Choir stall, Geneva, Switzerland.</a><br />
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Weaponized refusal to treat, failure to plan, further enabling disease focused on
enemy groups, political or international opponents, or at least likely not to be
supporters and expendable.<br />
<br />
The researcher asks: Is it happenstance that political goals correspond with
national health crises. Depleting voter rolls is highly effective voter suppression not just by deaths in an "ordinary course" of disease, but by
deaths resulting from fear of showing up for treatment and identification in the
process.<br />
<br />
Any investigator of anything will look at motive. Is a
healthy population, educated, independently active, a threat to those
who seek to minimize competition. What, then, furthers the goal of those in control. Like abortion, or the saga of
Obamacare, the decision-makers may articulate many motives, but watch for the primary result: large identifiable
segments of the population kept out of the work force leading to the
higher reaches, suppressed voters. As in old warfare, kill off the captive young men. Incarcerate. Detain, detain. Who benefits. "You'll have to ask them" and isn't that
life?<br />
<br />
Of course. The captive in health wars knows that.<br />
<br />
Traditionally, health wars focused on a personal level: People is the upper economic groups are clients, acting and choosing their doctors, treatments, getting more and better attention, including for coronavirus testing. Lower economic groups are patients, being acted upon with decisions made excluding them in many ways. Some are clients, purchasing services; the rest are patients, acted upon, if getting any attention or supplies at all. See <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2638036/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2638036/</a><br />
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Diseased heads may not be catapulted into disadvantaged areas, but failure to treat or provide for sustenance in crisis for political reasons is at the least, a high misdemeanor in a democracy. <br />
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-49926878639557827962019-05-16T18:48:00.002-04:002022-03-16T09:47:12.442-04:00Reproductive Wars? Fetal child support would equitably counterbalance a legal compulsion to maintain a pregnancy. At least in part.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Embryo and foetus are both risk and expense to the mother. Child support attaches only to the born child; yet the embryo and foetus are termed "preborn children" to be protected from any act to terminate the pregnancy, etc. </div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">The father continues to enjoy full freedom of his body, even with blue pills covered by healthcare insurance. That is irrational and inequitable.</div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> </div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Instead,for each state restricting the woman's right to control her body more than does Roe v Wade, as a starting point; shall simultaneously be deemed to enact that each pregnant mother, whether or not the embryo-fetus survives alive through birth, and/or breathes by any means necessary, and/or is wanted or not:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Shall receive child support for each such week from the male sperm donor </li>
<li>Fetal child support shall be calculated at 15% of his gross income from all sources derived; in the absence of actual or provable income, the amount shall he calculated ongoing as to any income so derived;</li>
<li>Payable to the mother </li>
<li>Without accountability </li>
<li>Until the child attains majority as each State where the fertilization occurred shall determine, shich age shall not be less than 19 years from the birth or exttraction.</li>
</ol>Child support should begin as soon as the state defines that there is a entity to be protected. <br /></div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-86364889560558060142019-05-16T11:35:00.000-04:002019-05-16T11:35:39.823-04:00Buried war lessons and facts. Vietnam to now. Secrecy and coverups ongoing bar learning from war. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Is this one out yet? Some buried facts come to light, and life. But only some. Read this account of an issue with us today: "Vietnam Study, Casting Doubts, Remains Secret." By <a href="https://scottshane.net/bio">Scott Shane</a>. Here is a clipping segment, found loose, among papers being organized from my brother's years of researching. Looks like New York Times, no date: Fair use of segment to the "Continued to Page A13" For Background: see work of the historian cited here, Robert J. Hanyok, <i>Spartans in Darkness, American SIGINT and the Indochina War 1945-1975</i>, at <a href="https://fas.org/irp/nsa/spartans/index.html">https://fas.org/irp/nsa/spartans/index.htm.</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoPH5Eno4BTBzv8cTw54RKa1I3WeGr_nK6qsW32q1Cm4AzoDkteuGQMcThhoSnAXdZDE7Vnjm945Q_1d0xa_LmTRGhrPD8vm5Bi6bS3_tQMrqqGx0AInMQA9JkS5qoyP4ft8se9WhujAeL/s1600/microcosm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoPH5Eno4BTBzv8cTw54RKa1I3WeGr_nK6qsW32q1Cm4AzoDkteuGQMcThhoSnAXdZDE7Vnjm945Q_1d0xa_LmTRGhrPD8vm5Bi6bS3_tQMrqqGx0AInMQA9JkS5qoyP4ft8se9WhujAeL/s320/microcosm.jpg" width="320" />War's buried facts. A few come to light. Illustration: The Metacomet, CT</a></div>
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Find the full news article at <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html</a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
WASHINGTON, Oct.28 -- The National Security Agency has kept secret since 2001 a finding by an agency historian that during the Tonkin Gulf episode, which helped precipitate the Vietnam War, N.S.A.officers deliberately distorted critical intelligence to cover up their mistakes, two people familiar with the historian's work say.<br />
i<br />
The historian's conclusion is the first serious accusation that communications intercepted by the N.S.A., the secretive eavesdropping and code-breaking agency, were falsified so that they made it look as if North Vietnam had attacked American destroyers on August 4, 1984, two days after a previous clash. President Lyndon B Johnson cited the supposed attack to persuade Congress to authorize broad military action in Vietnam, but most historians have concluded in recent years that there was no second attack.<br />
<br />
The N.S.A. historian, Robert J. Hanyok, found a pattern of translation mistakes that went uncorrected, altered intercept times and selective citation of intelligence that persuaded him that midlevel agency officers had deliberately skewed the evidence.<br />
<br />
Mr. Hanyok concluded that they had done it not out of any political motive but to cover up earlier errors, and that top N.S,A. and defense officials and Johnson neither knew about nor condoned the deception.<br />
<br />
Mr. Hanyok's findings were pub-"<br />
--------------------<br />
<i>Continued on Page A13.</i></blockquote>
The full article: found at <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html</a><br />
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Data<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Scott Shane is still on topic. See New Report Shows How a Pro-Iran Group Spread Fake News Online, at <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/by/scott-shane">https://www.nytimes.com/by/scott-shane </a></li>
<li>Robert J. Hanyok, see <a href="https://www.britannica.com/contributor/Robert-Hanyok/9553093">https://www.britannica.com/contributor/Robert-Hanyok/9553093 </a> </li>
<li>This information has been declassified, see <a href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB132/press20051201.htm">https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//NSAEBB/NSAEBB132/press20051201.htm</a>.</li>
</ul>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-14454182650584036232019-03-10T17:29:00.000-04:002019-03-10T17:48:57.941-04:00Socialism and fightin' words. Wars of semantics. Explore Christian Socialism in American history. Irwin St. John Tucker<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Christian Socialism: A midground worth a revisit from our own past. Bridge current extremes. Its roots are secular as well as religious, with benefits in economics as well as conscience. Meet a socialist priest, Irwin St. John Tucker, American Christian socialist. Read his poem here: <i><span style="text-align: center;">"The Unemployed Worker </span><span style="text-align: center;">To the Preacher of the Gospel."</span></i><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXoGKS_uM9kniEy3KXGk8hxNf9WSGwDfsJXNwHUkf0Hu48Efr-e1PhH7SNPL0MFC2bxPRSSXkiaAev6InTqi8Xnzy1ajun_oTG9W0ghj4Di4wC1oKXHPfAEwLW37zPrCE5CYquwjuBv4d1/s1600/godeysmay1865charade430nojustice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="146" data-original-width="123" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXoGKS_uM9kniEy3KXGk8hxNf9WSGwDfsJXNwHUkf0Hu48Efr-e1PhH7SNPL0MFC2bxPRSSXkiaAev6InTqi8Xnzy1ajun_oTG9W0ghj4Di4wC1oKXHPfAEwLW37zPrCE5CYquwjuBv4d1/s1600/godeysmay1865charade430nojustice.jpg" />Unbridled capitalism, unbridled socialism, justice dropped either way. Godey's Lady's Book 1865, illustration.</a></div>
<i><span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span></i>Fightin' words come now in matched pairs. Call and response: socialism met with capitalism. And neither articulates constructive bridling of either. Unbridled capitalism: the gold standard of rewarded effort. Unbridled socialism: the dross of dole for the undeserving. Wars of s<a href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/semantics">emantics</a>: from Greek <i>semasia</i>, significance, meaning. Ask what is meant. Is a horse most safely ridden with bridle, or without.<br />
<br />
A. Socialism. The new-old political battleground of fightin' words. Look back at American history, and European history, however, for the midground of conscience meeting fear of loss of status, privilege if low rungs are put on the ladder. Conscience loses. Enter again Christian Socialism. Can the Washington and national conversation lift out of inflammatory extremes. Ask <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/08/mike-pence-america-never-socialist/3104653002/?utm_source=feedblitz&utm_medium=FeedBlitzRss&utm_campaign=usatoday-newstopstories">Mr. Pence</a>. He could do it, for one.<br />
<br />
1. Roots. Victorian England.<br />
<br />
Christian Socialism was not a religious concept only appealing to the traditionally devout. See <a href="http://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/history/socialism/christiansocialism.html">http://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/history/socialism/christiansocialism.html</a>. Cross-class cooperation is more specific than love thy neighbor and for some was a driving force. An advocate was Samuel Taylor Coleridge, he of the <i><a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43997/the-rime-of-the-ancient-mariner-text-of-1834">Rime of the Ancient Mariner</a>. </i>He has been called 'conservativism's radical prophet, see <a href="http://newsweekly.com.au/article.php?id=1803.">http://newsweekly.com.au/article.php?id=1803.</a> He warned of the unfettered free market, unchecked industrialization. <br />
<br />
Back to other Victorians: Christian Socialism balanced "permanence" with "progression." Long-term improvement, however, was understood to depend on more than ideology -- practical support and leadership of the church organization itself. The Anglican Church, however, was not expected to rise to the occasion, being a Cyclops with its eye at the back of its head, see <a href="http://newsweekly.com.au/article.php?id=1803">http://newsweekly.com.au/article.php?id=1803</a><br />
<br />
2. Christian Socialism in America.<br />
<br />
See treatise with that name, by <a href="https://benningtonmuseum.org/library/walloomsack/volume-15/john-spargo-socialist-founder-of-the-bennington-museum.pdf">John Spargo </a>1876-1966, at <a href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/211752">https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/211752</a>. Spargo tracks the popularity of the Fellowship of Christian Socialists, spreading knowledge and belief in socialism in religious arenas, countering crude materialism. Spargo: overlooked too often, Being a socialist became reason to ignore. See another <a href="https://www.scoop.it/topic/john-spargo-child-labor-in-the-progressive-era-back-then/p/2946524791/2012/10/11/john-spargo-biography">bio</a>.<br />
<br />
3. One member of the Anglican Church did arise: Priest Irwin St. John Tucker.<br />
<br />
Meet a socialist of the Episcopal Church in the US. He carried the card of membership in the Socialist Party: Irwin St. John Tucker. 1886-1982, See biography at <a href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/library/glossary/tucker-irwin-st-john">https://www.episcopalchurch.org/library/glossary/tucker-irwin-st-john</a>. Ideals: economic and social justice; stress the unity of humanity.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Socialism without Christianity is a corpse and Christianity without Socialism is little better than a ghost." See <i><a href="https://www.episcopalchurch.org/library/glossary/tucker-irwin-st-john">episcopalchurch.org</a></i></blockquote>
Who will send this to church espousers to decry socialism in a warlike unanalytical manner? Who stick it to others with a bumper sticker. What on earth do they mean? Mr. Pence?<br />
<br />
At one point, Tucker and others were tried in 1918 for conspiracy to foment "insubordination and disloyalty" in the military and disrupt recruitment. They were found guilty in 1919; after the Bishop argued why indeed they should be found guilty, as they indeed followed the higher order of loyalty to other principles, in gist. See the case at google books: visit <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oAc9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=biography+Irwin+St.+John+Tucker&source=bl&ots=X-LBY7e99W&sig=ACfU3U0f0m54YCcWWjkp-zZ-VAUSdMA0-Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwid86nd2vPgAhWQg-AKHdRLAp0Q6AEwCXoECAMQAQ#v=onepage&q=biography%20Irwin%20St.%20John%20Tucker&f=false">Victor L. Berger, Hearings Before the Special Committee</a>.<br />
<br />
. Read the poetry of Irwin St. John Tucker at <a href="http://debs.indstate.edu/t892p6_1915.pdf,">http://debs.indstate.edu/t892p6_1915.pdf,</a> scroll to page 43: Do a search for the "debs" in the URL.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<blockquote>
"The Unemployed Worker<br />
To the Preacher of the Gospel<br />
*****<br />
"Your Progress and Inventions<br />
They steal our daily bread.<br />
Your profits grow by ten times ten,<br />
But we lie down unfed.<br />
You herd us into kennels,<br />
You club us into jails;<br />
And your machine guns mow us down<br />
When your lordly patience fails. </blockquote>
<blockquote>
"Yet our Great Comrade's spirit<br />
Shall tear off every crown;<br />
Shall seize this world, and shake it loose,<br />
And turn it upside down.<br />
Then share with us that spirit<br />
That dies to set men free;<br />
That makes the whole wide world a home<br />
For men like Christ--and me!"</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: left;">
By Irwin St. John Tucker<br />
<br />
C. Equally concerning: power of habits of mind, label addiction, like Hatfields and the McCoys forgetting the original dispute with ongoing acts of retribution for perceived wrongs. Look up West Virginia history at a culture site there at <a href="http://www.wvculture.org/hiStory/crime/hatfieldmccoy01.html.">http://www.wvculture.org/hiStory/crime/hatfieldmccoy01.html.</a> Pass all that by, and go another way.<br />
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-77316481529963919982018-12-01T06:04:00.000-05:002018-12-01T11:29:59.982-05:00The God Abandons Antony. Conduct in defeat. What role for destiny. Who shapes.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
How do leaders conduct themselves in defeat. What gods foster them, in the leader's own mind, wish. Is it reality. Who cares and why? What does culture do to shape history after, in the image it wants.<br />
<br />
I. Two versions of C.P.Cavafy's <i>The God Abandons Antony. </i> Which god? Plutarch says: <a href="https://www.revolvy.com/page/The-God-Abandons-Antony">Bacchus.</a><br />
II. Shakespeare revises the god: The second soldier, Antony and Cleopatra, Act IV, Scene III, says <i>Hercules</i>.<br />
<br />
<br />
I. The God Abandons Antony<br />
<br />
Watch, read of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mark-Antony-Roman-triumvir">Mark Antony</a> at the window after his, looking over the lost Alexandria, now Egypt. See poem by <i>C.P. Cavafy 1863-1933</i>. This is modern Greek poetry in translation, part of a post-mortem collection: The reflective <i>The God Abandons Antony</i>, from 1911. We offer two translations here, each reflective, with the god Bacchus leading the parade in favor, and the the parade away. <br />
<br />
Our interest in Marc Antony -- always welcomes a new viewpoint. See <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/03/23/man-with-a-past">https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/03/23/man-with-a-past</a>. <a href="http://www.poetrybyheart.org.uk/poems/the-god-abandons-antony/">http://www.poetrybyheart.org.uk/poems/the-god-abandons-antony/</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0BQlLzryVvVoPbSagIOoQBCOnrRJAV10T7xkR8Wvv2e44bjcajp2lEM-cUVGziNEESej4gY6tqH6GDhfo2rRtuoHM1fMi86980BNoxOO1mND0_ZaKlBoqAZgYu9Txg51z77_QymSv3q5C/s1600/100_2619.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0BQlLzryVvVoPbSagIOoQBCOnrRJAV10T7xkR8Wvv2e44bjcajp2lEM-cUVGziNEESej4gY6tqH6GDhfo2rRtuoHM1fMi86980BNoxOO1mND0_ZaKlBoqAZgYu9Txg51z77_QymSv3q5C/s320/100_2619.JPG" width="320" />Vision downtrodden. What hope for the tree.</a></div>
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The curtain rises. Antony is in his rooms above, in his beloved Alexandria; with the battle for the soul of Alexandria. We know that. What changes is the account of which god, having supported him, ceased to do so. The poems point to Bacchus, god of revelry, which would fit with accounts of Marc and Cleopatra. Shakespeare, however, takes literary liberty and points to Hercules, whom Antony was said to resemble and Antony claimed kinship: Antony and Cleopatra, <a href="http://shakespeare.mit.edu/cleopatra/full.html">Act IV, Scene III.</a> Second soldier:<br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="4.3.23" style="background-color: white;"><br /></a>
'Tis the god Hercules, whom Antony loved,<br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="4.3.24" style="background-color: white;">Now leaves him."</a><br />
The individual poem versions appear to be in the public domain. See see <a href="https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/public-domain/welcome/">https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/public-domain/welcome/</a><br />
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A. <i>The God Abandons Antony</i>: Version 1 here:<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
This is the one given to me, attributed as translated from the Greek by Edmund Keeley and Philip Sherrard. It conveys a pathos missing from the second version online, also attributed to translation by Edmund Keeley and Philip Sherrard. I know which I will carry in my wallet next Tuesday. This one, concise, precise, not wordy. Dignified, not just an admonition. Where is this first version rooted? Friend with typewriter, where? Still looking. Check revised editions?<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The God Abandons Antony<br />
C. P. Cavafy</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
When suddenly at midnight you hear<br />
an invisible company pass<br />
with exquisite music, voices --<br />
do not lament your luck that now gives out, your work<br />
that has failed, schemes of your life<br />
all proved to be false -- do not lament these uselessly.<br />
Like one for long prepared, like a courageous man,<br />
say goodbye to her, to the Alexandria who is leaving.<br />
Above all, do not deceive yourself, do not say<br />
it was a dream, your hearing was mistaken:<br />
do not condescend to such vain hopes as these.<br />
Like one for long prepared, like a courageous man,<br />
as it becomes you who have had the honor of such a city,<br />
go firmly to the window<br />
and listen, with feeling but not<br />
with a coward's supplication and complaint --<br />
listen as the final enjoyment to the music,<br />
to the exquisite instruments of the mysterious company,<br />
and say goodbye to her, to the Alexandria you are losing.</blockquote>
<div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
B. <i> The God Abandons Antony</i>, Version 2 here: </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Online, from 1972 site, and is it cold, or is that too subjective? See <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/god-abandons-antony"> https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/god-abandons-antony</a>; found also at https://www.leonardcohenfiles.com/cavafy.html<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<i>The God Abandons Antony</i><br />
C. P. Cavafy</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
At midnight, when suddenly you hear<br />
an invisible procession going by<br />
with exquisite music, voices,<br />
don’t mourn your luck that’s failing now,<br />
work gone wrong, your plans all proving deceptive—don’t mourn them uselessly:<br />
as one long prepared, and full of courage,<br />
say goodbye to her, to Alexandria who is leaving.<br />
Above all, don’t fool yourself, don’t say<br />
it was a dream, your ears deceived you:<br />
don’t degrade yourself with empty hopes like these.<br />
As one long prepared, and full of courage,<br />
as is right for you who were given this kind of city,<br />
go firmly to the window<br />
and listen with deep emotion,<br />
but not with the whining, the pleas of a coward:<br />
listen—your final pleasure—to the voices,<br />
to the exquisite music of that strange procession,<br />
to say goodbye to her, to the Alexandria you are losing.</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
Soul in dark night. No specification of which god it is slipping with revelry away. Here, however, with distracting contractions, lofty procession ideas, deep emotion mechanically specified, like a stage direction. Read review of his <i>Collected Poems, Revised Edition. </i> See <a href="https://press.princeton.edu/titles/5107.html">https://press.princeton.edu/titles/5107.html</a>. </div>
<div>
<br />
II. Shakespeare to the rescue<br />
<br />
The Bacchus identification of Plutarch clearly did not stick so shape Mark Antony for the modern ear. Drunkenness with Cleopatra does little to enhance the historical image of Antony. Enter culture. Shakespeare changes it. See the unwarranted elevation of <i>Hercules</i>, as the specified god: Mark Antony's personal favorite. It took Shakespeare to give voice to that -- building up Antony as a military man, macho man, patriarchy, not a dissolute. <a href="http://shakespeare.mit.edu/cleopatra/full.html">Antony and Cleopatra</a>, Act IV, Scene III.<br />
<br />
III. Loss of ideals with loss of past leaders<br />
<br />
George H.W. Bush. Death after achievement. Jon Meacham's book, destiny: See <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/books/review/jon-meachams-destiny-and-power-the-american-odyssey-of-george-herbert-walker-bush.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/books/review/jon-meachams-destiny-and-power-the-american-odyssey-of-george-herbert-walker-bush.html</a>. The death of visionary presidents. The procession, led by <i>Wisdom</i>, dances with fanfare away.<br />
<br />
Or elections. What is destiny doing these days? What some had seen in vision as a shining city on a hill, thousand points of light, shining with reason, worthy action, will it melt away with the tallies of terms. So be it. What do the sorrowing, defeated do? Read the news, muse, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trumps-praise-bush-s-thousand-points-light-president-once-mocked-n942546">https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/trumps-praise-bush-s-thousand-points-light-president-once-mocked-n942546</a>. The barge barges on.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-40157937627558103642018-10-27T12:16:00.002-04:002018-10-27T18:21:04.553-04:00Criteria of a dictator. Resource: Peter Drexler. The malignant evolution, war on autonomy.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> The Drexler Analysis, Projection of 2016.</span></span></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> Trump Presidency in 2018: Review. Peter Drexler nailed it.</span></span></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>How far can it go?</b></span></span></i></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> I. Summary</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">II. The Essay</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">III. Cultural Turning Points </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I. Summary</span></span><br />
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></i>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><u>Context</u>. </span></span><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Drexler Analysis: My words, and his. </span></span></i><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The Method Actor, persuader in chief, lover of the camera, sets the stage: Context in the society:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Resentments.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Rewards: Unevenly enjoyed; those left out want in. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Media: Expanded awareness, offered emotional outlets; group experience became addictive and impervious to logic.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dictator tool: Discredit the decent; color them corrupt, incapable.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Perception: Gridlock, frustration attracting people to raw power instead.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ideology, reshaped. Canny blurring of touchstones of traditional right wing, here in the Germany of the time (nationalism and socialism; old turf expansion not in issue in 21st Century)</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;">Project destiny, inevitability of imposing exclusions.</span></li>
</ol>
</span><ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">B. <u>What is Coming: </u></span></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Profound change, fast. Unbeatable consensus in the right, riptides others in</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Pressure for everyone to get in gear, conform </span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">C. <u>Checklist of observations</u>: You know it is a dictator when </span></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Nasty people are emboldened</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">. Impunity for group expressions of violence, chants, ridicule the victim, does that lead to attacks on other groups, nobody accountable </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dictator takes seats of power, keeps own control, promotes own extremist ideologues.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> If a follower goes astray, inability or refusal to discern directives from what the Dictator sees as only rhetoric, hyperbole, the Dictator denies responsibility.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Opponents become lapdogs to keep own positions.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> No criticisms allowed.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Business bows because there is money there for the taking</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Governors, anyone dependent on government generosity, kowtow </span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dictator flurries about, as though things were getting done.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dictator finds and declares an emergency</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dictator attacks one enemy at a time, leaving some breathing uneasy, waiting for boom.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dictator flaunts self on world stage, foreign policy drama of personal deals.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dictator abhors all autonomy, freedom for others, and trade restrictions enter scene.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dictator attacks disloyal companies.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Dictator cuts off news outlets from scoops, discredits the coverage.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">People aghast -- is he buffoon, Poseur, or genius? But he makes things happen. Cheers! </span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">And no-one has civil courage to speak out.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"> II. Essay in full</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">A. Introduction</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">I cannot locate an original of this essay, and have only a copy informally received with the author's name and date, 2016. Peter Drexler -- I see him only so far as author of a 2002 article with his name, on the uses of film in propaganda, Germany in the 1930's,<a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3657948?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Journal&searchText=of&searchText=Law&searchText=and&searchText=Society&searchText=Peter&searchText=Drexler&searchText=German&searchText=film&searchText=propaganda&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoAdvancedSearch%3Fsd%3D%26amp%3Bla%3D%26amp%3Bf3%3Dall%26amp%3Bc4%3DAND%26amp%3Bc5%3DAND%26amp%3Bf2%3Dall%26amp%3Bf5%3Dall%26amp%3Bq6%3D%26amp%3Bf4%3Dall%26amp%3Bc2%3DAND%26amp%3Bq3%3D%26amp%3Bq1%3DPeter%2BDrexler%26amp%3Bisbn%3D%26amp%3Bq5%3D%26amp%3Bf6%3Dall%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bq0%3DJournal%2Bof%2BLaw%2Band%2BSociety%26amp%3Bf0%3Dall%26amp%3Bq4%3D%26amp%3BSearch%3D%26amp%3Bc6%3DAND%26amp%3Bc1%3DAND%26amp%3Bc3%3DAND%26amp%3Bed%3D%26amp%3Bf1%3Dall%26amp%3Bpt%3D%26amp%3Bq2%3DGerman%2Bfilm%2Bpropaganda%26amp%3Bacc%3Doff&refreqid=search%3A73a29171d2adbad4b9bdd0daf7d67492&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents"> JSTOR</a>. and <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-6478.00179">Journal of Law and Society</a>. I was told that Peter Drexler is a German historian, </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">Issues of absence: Can it be fair use to present a whole when the author cannot be found. I have found no better, brief-but-comprehensive resource on the evolution of dictatorships. Is it enough to say I will take this down at his request without question. I am making no money here, no increased traffic will being in ad revenue, etc. Please indulge here and think back on the war on thinking, the war on autonomy again being waged by those with hyper media skills. Read slow. Best, read it aloud to yourself. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: large;">B. Go. All quoted, may be some scrivener error -- let me know.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">PETER DREXLER -- </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">"HOW TO
THINK ABOUT TRUMP</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">"Just as few people thought Trump could be elected, even
fewer have thought seriously about how a Trump presidency might unfold. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Our natural reaction tends to be split. On one hand we
abhor him as a man, and worry about specific actions he might take (Obamacare,
women’s rights, immigrants). On the other hand, we are decent people and hope
for the best. Maybe the responsibilities of office will restrain him. Maybe
he’ll hire good advisors. Maybe the constitutional balance of powers will
restrict what he can do. We have a natural instinct to give the other guy a
chance, to hope we can all pull together as Americans.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Neither approach gets to the bottom of the matter.
Ultimately it’s not about his personality, nor about specific issues. It is the
fact that this man displays all the criteria of a potential dictator. Can’t
happen here? It has happened in Germany and Russia, in Japan and China. It has
happened in Italy, Spain and most of Latin America. It happened in
revolutionary France and in Cromwell’s England. It happened in democratic
Athens and republican Rome (a period of history full of contemporary
parallels). And it can certainly can happen here.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Everyone has strong opinions at the moment. I hesitate to
offer mine. But I think one area where I might have something useful to say
regards dictatorships. My family lived through a dictatorship in Germany. I
have studied that period intensively, particularly Hitler’s first year in
office. This is not a matter of comparing Trump to Hitler. He has shown no
desire to invade Russia or murder millions. (Though it’s also true to say that
the last political leader to advocate the forcible removal of millions of
people bore the name of Adolf Hitler.) Instead it’s a matter of understanding how
dictatorships work, how they can succeed against all expectations.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Having experienced no revolutionary upheaval for two
hundred years, Americans will find it difficult to imagine how suddenly and
drastically our world can change. How will we know if a dictatorship may be in
the making? Where to look for analogies? There are clear patterns, things to
look out for. The conditions in which Hitler came to power, and the way he used
that power may help give us a template for evaluating Trump, and what he might
do in the next year.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Germany, having lost WW I and finding itself in the midst
of the Depression, was in far worse shape than America today. But the fact is
that political conditions in Germany in the early 1930s bear some striking
resemblances to contemporary America. How did such a man gain power? What were
the political conditions he exploited?</span></span></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">There
was a pervasive sense of resentment and insecurity. Germany became what one
writer calls an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Angstgesellschaft</i>, a
society full of fears. It was a deeply split society, just like America
today.<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">In the
economic upheavals of the time there were major winners and losers, and suddenly
the losers demanded to be heard.<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">A new
form of media, emotional rather than rational, utterly immune to calm analysis,
played a key role in Hitler’s rise to power. The new propaganda films of the
1930s played a role similar to that of social media today.<span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
center cannot hold. In Germany the decent politicians of the center were
discredited. They were seen as corrupt, out to protect their own interests, and
most importantly, weak and unable to get anything done.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">In
such conditions of gridlock, the little guy, buffeted by global factors beyond
his control, took keen pleasure in what the same German writer called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">die Inszenierung der Macht</i>, the naked
display of power on the national stage after a decade of seeming immobility.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
Nazis broke the traditional left-right mold of German politics. They were
nationalist and socialist. Just as Trump has broken the mold of right wing conservative
vs. progressives, cannily incorporating bits and pieces from both sides.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">From initially
being considered an impossible outsider, the dictator suddenly develops a sense
of inevitability, of destiny.</span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">([The spacing dots above are new because the copy numbers went beyond the margins).</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">These were some of the background elements which allowed a
demagogue and dictator, a bully and a braggart to rise to high office. Will
Trump become an American version of a dictator? He may be more like Mussolini
than Hitler, or more like Argentina’s Juan Peron, or Venezuela’s Hugo
Chavez.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But the German example in 1933
is the best studied case, the one that can give us key clues to watch for, a
kind of checklist to monitor what we may be up against.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">All the accounts of German experience recount how suddenly
everything changed, almost overnight. “It was like a thunderstorm.” Everyone
seemed to get on board the new train. It was called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gleichschaltung,</i> meaning getting in the same gear or on the same
track. Americans aren’t particularly well equipped to recognize the symptoms of
all this. We can’t quite believe things could change so profoundly and so
quickly. We hope it will blow over. Like the Germans we may tell ourselves:
once in power he will have to change his ways; the realities of office will
constrict him; he’ll have smarter advisors.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I particularly remember my German aunt Marlisa once
ruefully telling me that she had advised her Jewish friends, who were
contemplating emigration, to stay in Germany. “It can’t get any worse,” she
assured them. We share a natural human instinct to think things can’t change
drastically, that they won’t get much worse. We can’t quite put ourselves in a
mindset to contemplate a whole new world</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Here are some the clues to look for as we evaluate Trump:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">The nastiest
people in society are suddenly emboldened; they begin to crawl out of the
woodwork. They prey on the weak and defenseless and get away with it. In
response the government piously intones against such acts, but in their own coded
language they encourage it. In some localities the police begin to turn a blind
eye. It sets a tone of fear. We’ve already seen this at Trump’s rallies, in
threats to journalists, and the threat to jail his opponent. This is one important
measure: in no election in the past 240 years of American history has a
candidate threatened to jail his opponent. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
dictator takes all the instruments of power into his personal control. Trump
will already have control of Congress. Will he appoint an extremist and
conspiracy theorist like Giuliani as Attorney General? Even more importantly, watch
who takes over the FBI.<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">At the
local level, new opportunities arise for advancement for those previously the
marginalized as extremist. There are wholesale replacements in leadership at
law enforcement agencies by people full of their new-found powers and loyal
only to the dictator. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
new strongman has the wind at his back. Those who had publicly opposed him
suddenly throw themselves at his feet. People are simply stupefied by how
quickly the tide turns. Paul Ryan the day after the election strikes me as the
perfect example of such a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">volte face.</i>
The smart dictator quickly destroys the careers of a few opponents to instill
fear, and then graciously accepts the others into his camp, as lap dogs, who
can’t wait to prove their loyalty. After all, they can see which way the wind
is blowing, don’t want to be cut off from power and influence; don’t have the
character to stand firm. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Big
business senses the way the wind is blowing and kowtows to the strongman.
There’s money to be made. Things to look for: business leaders joining the
government; big announcements of new factories in America; money begins to flow
to the new man of the hour. Nobody wants to be left out, for there isn’t any
big business which isn’t dependent on government for orders, regulations,
permits, research funding, no company which isn’t vulnerable to being
“investigated” for something or other. Plus business has a bit of a bad
conscience over its actions in the past ten years. Best to play along in the
new game.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
same may apply to Democratic leaders such as governors. They too depend on
federal largesse, would love to benefit from new infrastructure projects. They can’t
afford to be left behind in the seeming rush to help the common man. They no
longer speak out.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
dictator enters office with a flurry of activity in all directions, creating a
sense of excitement and new opportunities. Everything revolves around the
strongman himself. In this whirlwind, the opposition hardly knows where to turn,
where to oppose him. They become distracted, caught off guard (we never thought
he would do that), begin to feel helpless, always one step behind events. Everything
seems to be happening too fast to organize any effective opposition. Opponents
feel wrongfooted, off balance, helpless.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Then emergency
measures are suddenly called for by some emergency, either real or imagined.
The public thinks: “Well, something finally has to be done about all this. Maybe
in this one instance we can stretch the law just a bit.” In Hitler’s case it
was the burning of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Reichstag </i>(the
parliament building). Of course, we reassure ourselves that it will just be
temporary.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
shrewd dictator attacks one opponent at a time, allowing his other opponents a
sigh of relief and the feeling: at least I escaped this one. They tend to shut
up.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Foreign policy is the particular preserve of
dictators. They love to preen themselves on the international stage. (Look at
Trump’s ludicrous foray into Mexico.) Here they have wide scope for action
without Congressional approval. Instead of pursuing long term national interests,
alliances, and an agreed set of rules of the game, the dictator sees foreign
policy as his personal stage. It all becomes a matter of personal deals. It’s
dramatic, captivates public attention, makes the strongman seem like a figure
of destiny. He has no sense of the international order built up over decades; both
free trade and NATO may become things of the past.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Free Press. The major TV channels and other
media are owned by large corporate interests which could find themselves
vulnerable to the same regulatory and financial pressures as other big
businesses. Do they start hiring Trump supporters “to give the other point of
view?” (Cory Lewandowski at CNN). Do journalists fear being cut off from news sources
if they don’t toe the line? Will TV ratings go down if your journalists no
longer have the access to power, the scoops. Does the government continue to
try to intimidate the press?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.)<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Free trade. No major candidate spoke out in
favor of free trade. Here Progressives agree with Trump, and free traders have
already been nearly silenced. But the fact is that throughout history the free
movement of people, the free movement of ideas and the free movement of capital
and trade have always been correlated. Dictators don’t like freedom of any
kind. Look for restrictions on foreign investment, forced repatriation of funds
held abroad, the breakup of the postwar free trade agreements, attacks on “disloyal”
companies.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">We should also prepare ourselves for the idea that the
strongman achieves what initially look like dramatic successes. From appearing
to be a buffoon, the strongman, for all his faults, suddenly appears a winner—a
man who can make things happen. An air of inevitability surrounds him. What
might we look for? A big new agreement with Russia? China accepts to a new
trade deal? The stock market jumps as taxes are cut? A terrorist plot is
foiled?.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The German example in the early 1930s carries one final
lesson. What the Germans lacked was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Zivilcourage,
</i>the courage to stand up for their rights and civil liberties as citizens.
They had much less experience in democracy and faced far more daunting
challenges than we do. When politics becomes so ugly, there’s a great
temptation to throw up one’s hands. Too often the Germans either sought
advantage in the new opportunities, or crawled into the snail shell of their
own private life. Pessimism bred resignation. What’s needed is not pessimism,
but a powerful and optimistic reassertion of what we really believe in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">If you don’t believe we’ve entered a new world, consider
this. Germany’s Chancellor, Angela Merkel told Trump she would cooperate with
him “on the basis of respect for human rights.” The world has come a long way
when Germany has to lecture America on democracy and basic freedoms. Good for
her.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I may be wrong about all this. I certainly hope I am. But I
think it’s worth laying out some guidelines, a kind of roadmap for judging what
happens next. Maybe Trump will only check three or four of the boxes. But even
one is too many.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Paul Drexler<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>Nov.
10. 2016"</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: large;">C. Cultural turning points</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Visit places where malignant evolutions are/were fostered. Here, Nuremberg's stadium, see the dilemma -- <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/nuremberg-germanys-dilemma-over-the-nazis-field-of-dreams-a6793276.html">https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/nuremberg-germanys-dilemma-over-the-nazis-field-of-dreams-a6793276.html </a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuLs64ayKnYlIKWW7RM1JevXL8LHEZnwunqoc8kB3m5tch3OfaDLSw1ToZDBFRiBDLF10Z1sJVQEMC2h4FXdsYtADYx5zK37_DpY73d_fG8MEw4OSrzAS6aLoCZbSVrn9ii_lFMPUe0R7w/s1600/nurstadium.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="651" data-original-width="1202" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuLs64ayKnYlIKWW7RM1JevXL8LHEZnwunqoc8kB3m5tch3OfaDLSw1ToZDBFRiBDLF10Z1sJVQEMC2h4FXdsYtADYx5zK37_DpY73d_fG8MEw4OSrzAS6aLoCZbSVrn9ii_lFMPUe0R7w/s320/nurstadium.jpg" width="320" /><span style="font-size: large;">Nuremberg Stadium, Nuremberg, Germany</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Homework: View entire film, <a href="https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2pl3mj">Triumph of the Will.</a> Pass it on. Peter Drexler would approve, I think. Learn the old <a href="https://www.uvm.edu/~jleonard/AGRI183/propoaganda.html">basic propaganda techniques</a> as a start toward autonomy in political thinking. </span></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-56200341013118383802018-09-23T18:05:00.000-04:002018-09-26T07:59:54.031-04:00Gender weaponry taught early. Class, high quality people, and low. Which get the free pass, and why.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvjdinCv9o8THBrtH8Uth7jksDclnz4IFmPFiS9-kbKmqp94ANJFruFUs9vc9eWJk6_X3TDz8f1s5cHJ2oeIGB4RTFot9hqHMN4t8_W704OIY8ptpOxc9yv2_lbpap_VjlsjNQNmPI2Ucg/s1600/100_1432.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvjdinCv9o8THBrtH8Uth7jksDclnz4IFmPFiS9-kbKmqp94ANJFruFUs9vc9eWJk6_X3TDz8f1s5cHJ2oeIGB4RTFot9hqHMN4t8_W704OIY8ptpOxc9yv2_lbpap_VjlsjNQNmPI2Ucg/s320/100_1432.JPG" width="320" />Lessons of old wars. Gender putdown. The old teach the young. Hard-boiled, you live. Crack, and you die. Why report?</a></div>
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The Kavanaugh Scenario. The girl or the woman, and the pivotal event, the eye-opener, heart-breaker, ultimate violation of a person's basic sense of autonomy, self-confidence, worth. What are her choices? Marge Piercy in reverse. Right to life in reverse. Whose life?<br />
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<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><br /></span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">A. The War Event, </span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><br /></span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">The burgeoning boy of the ruler class in the making, tests the waters in a blur. The girl target, barely escaping, has none to corroborate, just her mind's eye not opened to others, her ongoing mind-wreck hidden underwater. Then come the judgers.</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><br /></span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">Which will result? </span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><br /></span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">1. The Rebel. Like <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/kristynnucci/8222688268">Scarlett, with fist to sky</a>, girl</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> might say to self,</span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">“*** I will choose what enters me, what becomes, flesh of my flesh. Without choice, no politics, no ethics lives. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">I am not your cornfield, not your uranium mine, not your calf for fattening, not your cow for milking. You may not use me as your factory. Priests and legislators do not hold shares in my womb or my mind. This is my body. If I give it to you I want it back. My life is a non-negotiable demand.” </span></blockquote>
See full original at <span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><a href="https://margepiercy.com/portfolio-items/circles-on-the-water/">https://margepiercy.com/portfolio-items/circles-on-the-water/</a></span>,</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">2. The Apologizer. Will she fall into line, because of The Dutiful, the panels of other women who like their roles, or forget the indoctrination that made them so. Do they now groom and market their daughters to fconform, accept, treat the autonomy of woman worse than <a href="http://www.malleusmaleficarum.org/">witchcraft </a></span>in threatening the deity's chosen order:<br />
<br />
What do "they" say?<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Now, dear, just calm down, go comb your hair and splash your face. Over, under, around and through. There now. Isn't that better? You are a woman now, even though you have no idea what that means, yet. Don't just stand there. Don't keep blathering so. Remember always, as you forget all that has happened, and pretend to forget you must, that your value is in accepting your lot, as the indoctrinated already do as they reject your story. </span></blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">3. The realists. What counts for woman is her marketability. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Just tell your girl, again back to </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5oWmGusy48" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Marge Piercy</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> for this word reversal -- the supremacists' credo.</span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
a. In effect, what <i>are</i> you?</blockquote>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>A woman is a <b>pear tree</b>, <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">thrusting her fruit into mindless fecundity into the world. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Even pear trees bear heavily one year and rest and grow the next. [<i>But n</i></span><i style="color: #111111; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ot you</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">. <i>You bear with no rest.]</i></span></li>
<li><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">A woman is an <b>orchard gone wild</b> drops few warm rotting fruit in the grass [<i>But not you. You are allowed none to drop.]</i> </span><i style="color: #111111; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">Yet </i><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">the trees stretch high and wiry, gifting the birds forty feet up among inch long thorns broken atavistically from the smooth wood. </span></li>
<li><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">A woman is a <b>basket </b>they place their buns in to keep them warm. [<i>Now, that is you.]</i></span> </li>
<li><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">A woman is a brood hen they can slip duck eggs under. [<i>That also is you]</i>. </span> </li>
<li>A woman is the <b>purse</b> holding the coins of their descendants until they spend them in wars. <i>[That is certainly you]. </i></li>
<li>A woman is a <b>bank</b>, where their genes collect interest and interesting mutations in the tainted rain [<i>That also is you.</i>].</li>
</ul>
4. So how do they use you to shape their world?<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">In effect, they will plant you like corn and harvest you to eat or sell; </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">pasture you like lambs to fatten and be hauled to the butcher for chops, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">slice you like the mountain, in two, and gouge you like the high plains for coal and the waters to run muddy for miles and years.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14px; white-space: pre-wrap;">In effect, you, like fish, die. They will call you theirs when they wish to eat you.</span></blockquote>
5. What do they do in governance over you?<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">In effect, they legislate mineral rights in you, </span><span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">claim your pastures for grazing, your fields for "growing babies like iceberg lettuce".</span></blockquote>
6. Do they do this for the sake of children? Add the tone of irony, of sarcasm --<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">c. In effect, how so, when children go hungry, weep with noone to tend them when mothers work, lack fresh fruit, chew lead and cough to death, and are taken to be raised away, when the best food goes elsewhere.</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">How so, when "a</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">t this moment at nine o'clock a partera is performing a table top abortion on an unwed mother in Texas who can't get Medicaid any longer. In five days she will die of tetanus and her little daughter will cry and be taken away."</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">And when "n</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">ext door a husband and wife are sticking pins in the son they did not want. They will explain for hours how wicked he is, how he wants discipline."</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"></span></blockquote>
7. And what is the bill?<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">17. "</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">“We are all born of woman, in the rose of the womb we suckled our mother's blood and every baby born has a right to love like a seedling to the sun." </span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">18. "Every baby born unloved, unwanted, is a bill that will come due in twenty years with interest, an anger that must find a target, a pain that will beget pain."</span></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 107%;">19. “A decade downstream a child screams, a woman falls, a synagogue is torched, a firing squad summoned, a button is pushed and the world burns."</span></blockquote>
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<o:p></o:p>So, change the channel. Plus ca change. In quiet, still ask, d<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">oes subservience in high society have its roots as in the low: In </span>discouragement<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">, ignoring, shaping and force, and taught mantras, or in examples of it working, repeated by mothers before who learned the limits of their life, and now pass </span>is<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> on. </span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><br /></span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">Is there no wonder we do not report to the patriarchy. We harbor the toxin of supposedly deserving it, the self-doubt set growing inside our heads. Did the deity intend this to happen? Must I follow where it leads? We think, now that it has happened, I must try to make it work. I can do it. </span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><br /></span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">But cannot. There is the revulsion. </span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><br /></span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">Who me? Says he, in the boardroom. It was nothing like that. She is making it up. </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /></span> <span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">She knows he may well have no idea. No recall. It was unimportant, just another encounter. Or he was so buzzed he could only think of himself. She did not speak but her head is bursting and stays so.</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;"><br /></span> <span style="background: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 14.98px;">The insurrection credo is in “Right to Life” by Marge Piercy i</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">n its original parsed text, at </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5oWmGusy48" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5oWmGusy48</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"> . Click for the original text at "show more" and follow along. Or elocute it yourself. </span><br />
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-5149013145543142142018-07-02T08:14:00.000-04:002018-09-23T08:18:48.547-04:00Required cookie notice<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-45919130907112202962017-10-18T20:00:00.000-04:002017-10-19T11:42:45.119-04:00Anatoly Sobchak, Daughter Ksenia Sobchak running against Putin. Research why.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Update. The New York Times is parroting the nonsense that Ksenia Sobchak is just another pretty face, a socialite. See Neil MacFarquhar at <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/18/world/europe/ksenia-sobchak-russia-election.html?_r=0">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/18/world/europe/ksenia-sobchak-russia-election.html?_r=0</a><br />
<br />
She is the daughter of a major politician in St. Petersburg, who knew more about Vladimir Putin's early forays there than anyone else, it appears, and died for it. How? Ask how for all those who suddenly fall down -- heart attack, poison, shots, alcoholism, mysterious falls.<br />
<br />
Check the sites at t <a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/07/russia-context-resources-casualties-the-federation-what-pattern-what-significance.html?q=Sobchak">https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/07/russia-context-resources-casualties-the-federation-what-pattern-what-significance.html?q=Sobchak</a>; and at See <a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/08/russia-timeline-2000-to-2012-russian-federation-part-ii-putin-i-medvedev.html?q=2000-2012">https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/08/russia-timeline-2000-to-2012-russian-federation-part-ii-putin-i-medvedev.html?q=2000-2012</a>. Marina Solye, others. Stay with it.<br />
..............................................................................<br />
<br />
The Sobchak story. Father, Anatoly Sobchak. Daughter, Ksenia Sobchak. Getting short shrift. Pay attention. Anatoly Sobchak, once mayor of St. Petersburg, once mentor to Vladimir Putin, came to an apparently bad end. His wife did as she had to; bow. His daughter did not. She rose where her talents took her, to TV. Now, in politics. Is she serious? Yes, and with good reason.<br />
<br />
First read the Washington Post surface approach: at <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russia-gets-a-new-candidate-for-president-is-she-serious/2017/10/18/bfdb99f6-b41d-11e7-9b93-b97043e57a22_story.html?utm_term=.3ef1647b6fd7">Russia Gets A New Candidate for President, Is She Serious?</a><br />
<br />
Here is where timelines are vital. How to put an event such as a daughter running against her perhaps godfather, Putin, in perspective. The surface Washington Post blows it. The Washington post just asks, is she serious? She is, and should be.<br />
<br />
1. Explore on your own. Approach history and politics with timelines first. Then start to draw conclusions.<br />
<br />
2. At these timeline sites, do a "find" for Sobchak and see the story unfold:<br />
<br />
2.1. Context of political murders in or related to, Russian politics, or not. Causes of death always murky. See partial listings at <a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/07/russia-context-resources-casualties-the-federation-what-pattern-what-significance.html?q=Sobchak">https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/07/russia-context-resources-casualties-the-federation-what-pattern-what-significance.html?q=Sobchak</a>;<br />
<br />
Do a further 'find' at these decade-timeline sites for the Sobchak issue, at the decade timeline 2000-2012.<br />
<br />
2.2. Specific crisis decade, Russia 2000-2012, Sobchak's rise, fall, indiscreet talk, death, daughter never fell in line. See <a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/08/russia-timeline-2000-to-2012-russian-federation-part-ii-putin-i-medvedev.html?q=2000-2012">https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/08/russia-timeline-2000-to-2012-russian-federation-part-ii-putin-i-medvedev.html?q=2000-2012</a><br />
<br />
3. See origins, at earlier timeline 1991-2000, at <a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/07/russia-timeline-1991-to-2000-russian-federation-part-i-gorbachev-yeltsin-putinges-from-fallen-USSR.html">https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/07/russia-timeline-1991-to-2000-russian-federation-part-i-gorbachev-yeltsin-putinges-from-fallen-USSR.html</a><br />
<br />
4. 1992 -- Anatoly Sobchak, mayor of St. Petersburg. One reference, Timeline 1991-2000.<br />
<br />
4. Anatoly Sobchak Timeline 2000-2012, some 43 references. Vet them all.<br />
<br />
2000 -- Sobchak criticizes Putin's new biography, having his own inside and through Putin having worked under him knowledge, and talks about it, calling Putin "the new Stalin." He was campaigning for Putin at the time. Putin suddenly sent him to Kaliningrad for more campaigning, and with two bodyguards, and virtually as soon as they arrived, the next morning Sobchak and the bodyguards were found dead. Cause of death, debated, decided very fast, see site. No evidence of alcohol or drugs, just concluded 'heart attack.' Three weeks later, another death, investigative journalist Artyom Borovik, not connected to Sobchak, but with an observation that has lived long after his death in a plane crash:<br />
From the 2000-2012 Timeline:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"– There are three ways to influence people: blackmail, vodka, and death threats – Artem Borovik quoted Vladimir Putin in one of his last publications." c. Notes of the reputed journalist, Artyom Borovik, president of the Sovershenno Sekretno (Top Secret) media holding, who was collecting information on financial fraud of Putin and the Yeltsin “family”. He died in a plane crash three weeks after the death of Anatoly Sobchak.</blockquote>
<div>
Then conflicting accounts of Sobchak's death, here by poisoning, and his companions: See the bodyguards as former KGB agents, later found dead of hit-type gunshots. See investigation by experienced forensics expert and reporter, Arkady Vaksberg, at site. Were the companions also poisoned. Watch it all swirl. Poison on an electric light bulb, that emanated the gases as the bulb heated?<br />
<br />
Death notices. See <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/feb/21/guardianobituaries.iantraynor">https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/feb/21/guardianobituaries.iantraynor</a><br />
<br />
2012 -- Ksenia in the news: <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/magazine/ksenia-sobchak-the-stiletto-in-putins-side.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/magazine/ksenia-sobchak-the-stiletto-in-putins-side.html</a><br />
<br />
March 16, 2015. Ksenia Sobchak flees Russia, citing death threats.<br />
<br />
And activist Marina Solye 2012 who was forced to drop her investigation into Putin's acts in 1992, while in St Petersburg, and she herself then found dead when she raised the issue again. Another heart attack? Why not. Nothing easier to disguise, and everybody has them in the family.<br />
<br />
2015 --Wrap up or not: See <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-mysterious-death-of-putins-mentor-2015-2">http://www.businessinsider.com/the-mysterious-death-of-putins-mentor-2015-2</a><br />
<br />
Not. See <a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/questions-remain-about-death-of-man-who-made-putin/26867539.html">https://www.rferl.org/a/questions-remain-about-death-of-man-who-made-putin/26867539.html</a><br />
<a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/questions-remain-about-death-of-man-who-made-putin/26867539.html"><br /></a> <a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/questions-remain-about-death-of-man-who-made-putin/26867539.html"><br /></a> <a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/questions-remain-about-death-of-man-who-made-putin/26867539.html"><br /></a> <a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/questions-remain-about-death-of-man-who-made-putin/26867539.html"><br /></a>
</div>
</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-28388866899187818172017-08-14T13:26:00.002-04:002017-08-15T05:50:28.877-04:00Leaders are measured in retrospect. Hamartia. Missing the mark. The more turmoil and political-deaths of dissenters, the less ept. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Measuring leadership. The more violence in control, the less ept the leader.<br />
The inept by that measure may succeed for a time, but is that the measure of greatness?<br />
Won't know now. Have to wait.<br />
Russia and US. Elsewhere. <br />
<a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/"><br /></a>
<a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/">Russia Context </a>timelines. The
topic of death is a prelude to the era of <i>Russian Federation
III Putin 2</i>,
timeline 2012-2018 pending. Political, strategic deaths of dissenters and others in need of replacement lest information they hold become public, or because their batteries are outdated, continue and even increase: political and physical deaths of those investigating, reporting, engaging in politics with disagreements at the fore. With autocracy-orthodoxy-nationality
already entrenched as motto of the realm, see <a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/07/russia-timeline-1991-to-2000-russian-federation-part-i-gorbachev-yeltsin-putinges-from-fallen-USSR.html">Russian Federation I (1991-1999 </a>and <a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/08/russia-timeline-2000-to-2012-russian-federation-part-ii-putin-i-medvedev.html">Russian Federation II (2000-2012)</a>,
this time frame for 2012-2018 emerges with an old tool now used with increasing
virulence: Death, assassination, murder, to the nonconformist in republics that assert autonomy, to the different who will not give up
their heritage, identity and thereby threaten the status of the leader, in the leader's view.<br />
<br />
1. Political death.<br />
<br />
The
concept of political death includes more than
breath. It is methods: Not just the poison,
the push, the fall, the overdose, but also killing of reputation; of the
ability to decide with full information; to function with autonomy and
enjoy life, while remaining responsible for one's own choices (include
to one's Maker); of hope for some accumulation over sustenance; freedom
from the great hackthat turns everyone into the exploiited.. Bring on
spin, old hierarachy rules,
new colonialism, restrictions, lists, purges. <br />
<br />
2. Political death cares not a whit for consistency, logic, reasoning. The pure in ethnicity are lauded, but the best among the creative and founding may be impure. Nonetheless, the
articulated ideal can remain the embrace of multiplicity, despite the hierarchy of nationality ideal, as with Pushkin, here,
in the underground walkway to the Metro at Pushkin Square in Moscow.
"Moscow ... how many strains are fusing, in that one sound, for Russian
hearts! what store of riches it imparts!" <a href="http://www.online-literature.com/alexander-pushkin/">Alexander Pushkin</a>,<i> Eugene Onegin,</i> play-drama, see <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/30/books/review/to-russia-with-tough-love.html?_r=0">://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/30/books/review/to-russia-with-tough-love.</a> See biography there. <br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpkv-CuulKuq0JpBH94M5PJOMjh2Y0hhyphenhyphentJBFscULvL8iAtCB5lT2gqUa6zHYiffuK0bXVIzk4LLcG19dppLExs3s1etygwT-cLrATbkunRdXRf428wgmLiDa_El5ptPw-vytWcYNApbE/s1600/102_5270.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpkv-CuulKuq0JpBH94M5PJOMjh2Y0hhyphenhyphentJBFscULvL8iAtCB5lT2gqUa6zHYiffuK0bXVIzk4LLcG19dppLExs3s1etygwT-cLrATbkunRdXRf428wgmLiDa_El5ptPw-vytWcYNApbE/s320/102_5270.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Go
back. Read the bio carefully; Pushkin's maternal great-grandfather was
black; Ganibal, a slave child of unclear, but people like to think,
African royal heritage. There is a fusing indeed.<br />
<br />
Note that the small slave boy, the great but little <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=blackamoor&allowed_in_frame="><i>blackamoor</i></a> had merit, and served in the court of
Peter the Great, who later adopted him, and with Peter the Great's
tutelage, and his own wits, the unlikely child rose. Not all welcomed this
out-of-place Ganibal, however. Boyars fumed. As myopic boyars will --
their ilk survive in any hierarchy mentality of entitlement., coasting on self-attributed status, see <a href="http://factsanddetails.com/russia/History/sub9_1c/entry-4945.ht.">Serfs, Boyars, and Early Industrialization</a>. <br />
<br />
3. Consistency in prejudice. When acceptance of the individual does not carry over to numbers.<br />
<br />
The consistency in the prejudice (read political death) is this:<br />
a. That diversity is indeed a fact of life, and found at the root in Russia as elsewhere; but t<br />
b.
Individual difference is only tolerable so long as the numbers and
power in the ooverall out-group do not
exceed critical mass. Slavery: serfdom; intellectuals and arty-types in
their garrets. No problem even as to numbers, so long as the
slaves-serfs-thinkers-expressers are kept controlled.<br />
c. What if they rise up? Then what? Revolutions over and over again?<br />
<br />
4.
Putin's Dilemma., representative of many. <br />
<br />
Putin today, and other leaders
holding on to past hierarchies and systems (Putin to the Slavic and to
Autocracy, is that so?) are faced with that.intolerable new world --
critical mass in diverse groups thinking diverse thoughts and behaving
in ways that indeed are critical of the imposed government. They won't
take it any more. Diverse groups, diverse thought, that have
indeed reached critical mass all over the world. The force it takes to
control them is excessive. See the timeline, pending 2012-2018.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>How
long will that pattern of dispensing with dissent continue.. Even
without proof of attribution, the effect, the consequence of a void
created is there. Who benefited. What steps are taken to find the root
of the attack. Can it continue. Count the rising <a href="https://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/2017/07/russia-context-resources-casualties-the-federation-what-pattern-what-significance.html">casualties</a>
already. And that list.mostly journalists and politicians observing,
researching, supporting dissent, excludes deaths of ordinary fighters,
soldiers, both sides. </li>
</ul>
5. Justice's Dilemma.
Shifting sands. Although tradition-bound rulers fume at change foisted
upon them, and continue the old force, they also have new technologies for staying in power, promoting the Autocracy. Are those 'just'? Force can be applied, even terminal
force, without trace and with
high deniability to the top. How to hold the top accountable.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Rising hates. Is even stealth-force going to be enough for long? Democratic societies also want to know, faced with autocratic-type leaders
fostering ideologies of supremacy and using words that praise diversity while restricting voting efforts go on. Same rationales.</li>
<ul>
<li>This (unwanted)
person threatens the
ordained order. </li>
<li>This (unwanted) person is unworthy. </li>
<li>This (unwanted)
person is different and
may displace me on the ladder I hold dear. and as to which I am entitled
a top rung. </li>
<li>This (unwanted) person shall die. Or be deported. Or so
deprived that he dies. Etc.</li>
</ul>
<li>Shrinking leaders. It takes greatness in a leader to address actual issues. Autocracy like democracy: reactionaries followed by reform followed by reactionaries. What of actual terrorizing, who does it, can the cause be remedied. Not addressed, while labels rule.</li>
</ul>
6. Political death. A tool of universal application . The rule of ripples.<br />
<br />
East and west. Follow the power rule of ripples. A death here, will be felt <i>there</i>. A death there, will strike fear <i>here</i>. Accordingly, to apply sheer power, without full debate and informed consent of the governed, apply death. Inflicted
death works. Applied to dissenters and upstarts, it is a cheap tool,
handy in the dark. Once imposed, the creature will be quiet.<br />
<br />
7. Go back to history. Hamartia. The Greeks. Our need, their word.<br />
<br />
Watch how the leader produces turmoil or political death. Where that is a primary tool of holding power, that leader misses the mark. Hamartia. -- <i>àµaρtίa</i>/<a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=hamartia">hamartia,</a>
<br />
<br />
How to remember it. Archery. The mis-guided arrow. Legend. The tardy aardvark who missed the ark. Find it in
leadership. The self-serving, self-enriching objective couched as
ordained mission, promising safety and prosperity for the downtrodden.
Acts of <i>hamartia</i>. Missing the mark; and that is only known after
the fact, in retrospect. At the time of the twang, the setting off, all
looked fine! Life. Appearances. Discernment. is required. Watch
results, not words.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Hamartia as an adjective. <i>Hamartic</i>. Make cognates.</li>
<ul>
<li>One who embodies <i>hamartia</i>. A <i>hamart</i>. </li>
<li>One who embodies <i>hamartia</i> in the extreme: <i>Hamartiac</i>. </li>
<li>Use in sentence. </li>
<ul>
<li>No, don't. Life under a <i>hamart</i>, whether
in your own house, other domestic, political, medical diagnostic, cultural or religious
world, is sentence enough. </li>
<ul>
<li>Should you stay or should you go? </li>
<li>What
options, and if none facile, what then.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Avoid its highjacked use -- the suggestion of religious wrongdoing, or "sin." Extraneous, and irritating. </li>
<li>Missing the mark suits. </li>
</ul>
8.
Apply critera to a leader near you. Or sort of. You know hamartia by
its consequences: ongoing turmoil that no amount of force can quell
over time. If you see it, speak it. Hamartia hates light that shows it
missing its mark.<br />
<br /></div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-69643021800721155752017-05-01T06:06:00.003-04:002017-05-11T10:55:26.073-04:00Wars of caste and class: Timeline US. Rankism, servitude and profit. Fixing winners and losers. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: left;">
US the dark side. Its mindset infections from slavery, servitude, supremacism, segregation and immigration quotas, depriving groups of autonomy for the sake of profits, <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-fuller/what-is-rankism-and-why-d_b_465940.html">rankism</a>. Wars for expansion, accumulation, exclusion, exploitation. Not just survival.<br />
<br />
And then there is inspiration, innovation, even genius. A moral and pragmatic sense of interconnection. Wars to counter force and exploitation. When. Who. Why. How. Whether? Must? Choices? For What? Repeat. </div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXMottZKu6Hd1dhjKfUtN4V627SrG0KhcC-mFT2wJobpiUaCxP4cDu1Fu_DXsbbCHtVcqXBb4YgfWXitJWkEEx4dWklHsL761MWE2Vvds1GUcVaOtnv1VJvP8C_z25mWilIyRNat5DzrnI/s1600/target.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="157" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXMottZKu6Hd1dhjKfUtN4V627SrG0KhcC-mFT2wJobpiUaCxP4cDu1Fu_DXsbbCHtVcqXBb4YgfWXitJWkEEx4dWklHsL761MWE2Vvds1GUcVaOtnv1VJvP8C_z25mWilIyRNat5DzrnI/s320/target.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://www.antiquesandfineart.com/articles/article.cfm?request=302">The Ladies' Amusement 1760, compiled engravings</a></div>
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I. Background. </div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
II. Issues</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
III. Resources</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
IV. Timeline: Evolution of social divisions. Whose assertion of what rights succeeds. How?</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>1200-1500, 1500's, 1600's, 1700's, 1800's, 1900's, 2000's. </li>
</ul>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
I. <u>Background.</u> American internal status and ideological wars. A scrum of races, genders, ethnic groups, politics, religion, those who arrive at their station by choice, those by force -- arms or custom, Predictably, those with power sought to keep it, and get more, regardless of cost to others. <a href="http://www.globalresearch.ca/western-intervention-and-the-colonial-mindset/5425633">Colonialism</a> old and new. Somebodies v. nobodies. Class became caste, fixed by reduced options. Corruption. Kleptocracy -- enrich self by office. Who got left out. Plenty, Leave? Go where. How? Owe the soul to the<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIfu2A0ezq0"> company store</a>. Unrest. Revolt.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
II. <u>Issues</u>. Is the pattern to attain and keep supremacy a matter of human nature, or is it a cultural transmission. Does any culture foster coordination, respect, aid, as well as competition. With what result?</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Either way, <i>can</i> we contain it, religious, social, political. Should we: for species survival, for stability. Hear the sounds: Bob Dylan's take in <i><a href="http://www.nme.com/news/music/patti-smith-nobel-prize-bob-dylan-1906045">A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall</a></i>, performed by <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=941PHEJHCwU">Patti Smith</a>, at his award of the Nobel Prize for Literature. Privilege. Disrespect. A lethal virus. "Get back, get back. Get back to where you once belonged"<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYYzjQdbtKg"> The Beatles</a>, 1970, single 1969, Album:<i> Let It Be. </i></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaR3xHdmouKN4TBZ3x_vTbqXhBRFfMHUsYUixwZuAjvrwLne3Fj8WC4WcwSSP4iPcOiZVwCMIw-wk7VHLQLXJsPOMLxiZQ4dQ9qE8c9ChU2k355C0i7SbpoPzzZIQ1frv7goQG__eOJjfT/s1600/IMG_0592.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaR3xHdmouKN4TBZ3x_vTbqXhBRFfMHUsYUixwZuAjvrwLne3Fj8WC4WcwSSP4iPcOiZVwCMIw-wk7VHLQLXJsPOMLxiZQ4dQ9qE8c9ChU2k355C0i7SbpoPzzZIQ1frv7goQG__eOJjfT/s320/IMG_0592.JPG" width="240" />History. Is it safe yet? Detail, The Hermitage, classical gallery column, St. Petersburg, Russia
</a></div>
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<br /></div>
III. Resources for a start<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in the United States, Persons or Property</a>, by Paul Finkelman 2012, Duke.edu </li>
<li><a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/%7Earihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">History of Slavery in America, Berkeley.edu</a></li>
<li><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ts4YAAAAYAAJ&dq=worker+class+history+of+humiliation&source=gbs_navlinks_s">The Workers in American History by James Oneal 1921</a></li>
<li><a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site18/The%20Decline%20of%20Indentured%20Servitude.htm">Decline of Indentured Servitude, Gettysburg.edu </a></li>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>[Home page, <a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site18/servitude.htm">Indentured Servitude in the Atlantic World]</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;"></ul>
The working classes; and then the Burgesses<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=servant">Servant </a>or laborer - works for pay; contract could be room and board in exchange for service</li>
<li><a href="http://www.ushistory.org/us/5b.asp">Indentured servant</a> - time-limited labor or service, to pay off a debt (such as cost of passage from Europe), with release and even a small stipend possible at the end of term, barring bad behavior; a/k/a "bound"
person. <a href="http://www.ushistory.org/us/5b.asp">Headright system:</a> Property owners were encouraged to bring in labor: owners were paid by the head. </li>
<li><a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=peon">Peon </a>-- laborer without fixed contract of duration, works to pay off debts to the owner, but the debt keeps increasing. See<a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/peonage/"> Slavery v. Peonage</a>.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=slave">Slave</a> -- Status and rights vary. Origins could be war booty; or purchase at a market, sometimes kidnapped; forced servitude expanded from rights to buy freedom, even position of respect in an ancient family, to legislated status as not fully human, chattel, mere property (US form).</li>
<li><a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">Sharecropper</a> -- work the owner's fields for a share of the crop </li>
<li><a href="http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp">House of Burgesses</a> -- VA 1619. The American experience did not start from scratch. It drew upon the European background of privilege, fixing who is entitled to rule in early chartered (for profit) settlements. Virginia: legislature of 22 free (not indentured, see above) white men elected representing 11 plantations. Religious settlements: governance to fit the ideology. </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<u>Timeline</u><br />
<br />
1200-1500 -- Rights, denials. Cultural differences. <u><br /></u></div>
<br />
1215 -- Britain's <i>Magna Carta</i>. Monarch to consult. The idea of an assemblage. Issue: who gets to be consulted? Model of representation and consultation carried over to early Virginia, broadly, see <a href="http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp">http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp.</a> Issue of who gets to participate underlying revolts<a href="https://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/367/367-04.htm">. Divine right of kings:</a> Idea for population control, that the king is there because God wills it. Fast forward: <br />
<br />
1495 -- Caribbean. Spain was under Moorish control, with slavery, for centuries, and ending only in 1492 (yes, same year) when Ferdinand and Isabella reconquered Spain. The concept was there. See <a href="http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3569">Spain and slavery</a><br />
<br />
Columbus loaded ships with Indians to sell as slaves to repay himself for the gold he did not find. The Tainos were thought to be good candidates, in a move not approved by the monarchs. They engaged in mixed messages to justify it: ongoing, see the Tainos as in need of protection from abuses of forced slavery, but it was acceptable to force their conversion to Catholicism, to be Spanish subjects, and compel them to work as hard as needed to produce great profits. See<a href="http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african_laborers_for_a_new_emp/the_spanish_and_new_world_slav"> http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african_laborers_for_a_new_emp/the_spanish_and_new_world_slav.</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Read conditions, couching slavery as payment of tribute through labor, idea of the "just war" -- anyone who did not accept Christianity or rebelled against the Crown was deserving of death -- [sounds like the Crusades]; and 'rescue' -- buy captives in order to convert them, or save them from dreaded practices of their captors, citing cannibalism. Upshot -- ultimately did not work, factors include European diseased reducing the slave labor stock. See <i>site</i>. </li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<div>
1498 -- England. John Cabot was from Genoa, worked for the English to find passage to Asia, and was not motivated by slavery as a commodity. He navigated from Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New England, down to Delaware, and claimed it for Henry VII, believing it was indeed Asia. The English later claimed this gave them superior right to the Dutch, whose English Henry Hudson worked for them, and explored similar areas. See <a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html">http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html</a><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
1500. Roots of servitude expand. </div>
<br />
1500's-1800's -- Domestic Violence. See <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf</a>. Wife beating as means of correction, or 'emergency' with switches of a given size, <br />
1501 -- Spain. Ferdinand and Isabella permit Sub-Saharan African slaves to be transported to Hispaniola and the Caribbean provided they were born in Spain. See<a href="http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african_laborers_for_a_new_emp/early_trans_atlantic_slave_tra"> http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african_laborers_for_a_new_emp/early_trans_atlantic_slave_tra. </a><br />
<br />
1513 -- A black man,<i> Juan Garrido</i>, came to Iberia from Africa, was with Ponce de Leon in coming ashore near St. Augustine. See<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-appell/the-pivotal-black-history_b_6038342.html"> http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-appell/the-pivotal-black-history_b_6038342.html</a><br />
<br />
1542 -- Caribbean. Holy Roman Emperor <a href="http://www.pbs.org/empires/martinluther/char_charles.html">Charles V</a>'s 'New Laws' outlawed 'Amerindian' slavery, limited inheritance of the large farming estates <i>encomiendas</i>, required that workers had to be paid, etc., see <a href="http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african_laborers_for_a_new_emp/the_spanish_and_new_world_slav">http://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african_laborers_for_a_new_emp/the_spanish_and_new_world_slav</a> Strongly opposed. Owners began to look to Africa, not the Indians, for labor.<br />
<br />
1565 -- FL. Spanish founded <a href="http://staugustine.com/history/nations-oldest-city">St. Augustine</a>, FL. <br />
<br />
1581 -- FL. Blacks were brought to St. Augustine. What was their status? The word 'slavery' even then? See <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html </a></div>
<div>
<div>
<br />
1585 -- NC. Colony at ill-fated <a href="http://www.nationalcenter.org/ColonyofRoanoke.html">Roanoke</a> (disappeared, see<a href="http://www.history.com/news/archaeologists-find-new-clues-to-lost-colony-mystery"> http://www.history.com/news/archaeologists-find-new-clues-to-lost-colony-mystery);</a></div>
<div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
1600-- Taint of servitude? or merely economic necessity.</div>
</div>
<div>
<br />
1606 -- Britain. The Crown chartered<a href="http://historicjamestowne.org/history/virginia-company/"> The Virginia Company</a>.
See terms. We like to think that the American colonies were founded
for religious liberty etc., but that was only for some. Others were for
sheer money-making, whatever was needed to get that job done. <br />
<br />
Why were colonies founded: Start with <a href="https://quizlet.com/7437425/13-colonies-reasons-for-settlement-flash-cards/">https://quizlet.com/7437425/13-colonies-reasons-for-settlement-flash-cards/;</a> expand at <a href="http://www.qrcodesinmarketing.net/american-colonies.html">http://www.qrcodesinmarketing.net/american-colonies.html. </a><br />
New England, Middle, and Southern. For the Dutch colonies, see<a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html"> http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html.</a><br />
<br />
1619 -- VA. First House of Burgesses. <br />
<br />
17th-18th C -- Indentured servitude made colonies possible. Some 50% of white immigrants from Ireland, Scotland,
Germany, were brought as indentured servants to the British 13 colonies,
see <a href="http://bilerico.lgbtqnation.com/2008/04/black_history_birth_of_colonial_slavery.php">http://bilerico.lgbtqnation.com/2008/04/black_history_birth_of_colonial_slavery.php</a>. As profits fell with increased costs of indentured servants (free at the end of their contracts, supposedly, and with some resources, including less desirable land, given to get them going, slavery -- lifelong labor without pay or recourse, became more popular.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>However, bondage was contrary to Common Law, see<a href="http://www.mirandakaufmann.com/common-law.html"> http://www.mirandakaufmann.com/common-law.html</a> so a careful semantic balance in what was overt and covert, in order to support bondage, was required. Europe varied in its use of it, much depending on whether the British person did the enslaving, or just brought some back home, see site. Rome's view of two classes -- free or slave -- justifying many forms. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in the United States</a>. </li>
</ul>
1606 -- VA. Colony's purpose: enrich the shareholders back home, Virginia Company. No issue of religious freedom. Named for Elizabeth I, virgin queen.<br />
<br />
1607-1617 -- VA. Divide between labor and owners carries on from Old World, as anywhere. Indentured servants arrive to provide labor for colony, see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/">http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/.</a> Mix: 104 men and boys. See <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a> Indentured servitude was a system invented by the<i> Virginia Company</i>, a joint-stock venture, to provide cheap labor in the colony, since passage by payment was so expensive, and only the rich could afford it. A corporate invention to suit its profit needs. The rich in London would buy shares, provide capital to the company, and then get back profits.<br />
<br />
1609-1621 -- NY extended. New Netherland Colony. The Netherlands was known as the States General for the Netherland Provinces. See <a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html">http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html</a>. They hired Henry Hudson of England to explore for them a route to the East Indies and to claim anything yet uncharted for the Netherlands. Hudson so claimed land up the now Hudson River to the now Albany.<br />
<br />
1611 -- Netherlands. Dutch merchant Arnout Vogels set up to explore Hudson's Bay, made several trips, one with a ship with Adriaen Block as captain, who then returned on his own and traded. Much trading followed, and the New Netherlands Company was foundedd in 1614. No colonies were established, however, and the company lost its monopoly. Land opened to all Dutch traders. the States General needed permanence there and in its areas of Brazil and Africa, to keep out the English, French or Spanish.<br />
<br />
1618-1623 -- 'Great Migration' of population to Jamestown (elsewhere?), because of the need for labor, but many died of disease, Indian conflicts, malnutrition, see <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html </a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
1619 --Netherlands. Dutch ship, White Lion, captures 20 'enslaved' blacks from a Spanish ship, and went to <i>Jamestown</i> and traded them for food and supplies as <i>indentured servants</i> (was that a step up?)see <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html; </a>details at <a href="http://bilerico.lgbtqnation.com/2008/04/black_history_birth_of_colonial_slavery.php">http://bilerico.lgbtqnation.com/2008/04/black_history_birth_of_colonial_slavery.php.</a><br />
Indentured servants were freed at the end of their indenture, provided land and supplies by former owners<br />
<br />
1619 -- VA. Charter colony had been founded in 1607. Now comes the first legislative assembly, representing the plantations: the House of Burgesses. Famous burgesses: <span class="blue"> <a href="http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp">http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp</a></span> <br />
<br />
1620 -- Massachusetts</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>1620 -- Plymouth; followed by colonies at Weymouth (failed) and Salem</li>
<li>1629 -- <a href="http://www.celebrateboston.com/history/massachusetts.htm"> Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>; both for religious freedom</li>
</ul>
1621 -- Netherlands. The Dutch West India Trading Company was founded with a 20-year monopoly in America and Africa; sought status as a province, got it, and sought settlers. 1624 -- shipload of Flemish Walloons arrived, not Dutch, and they were spread out too thin among various outposts including Fort Orange, there were fights with Indians, the colonists had to centralize, Peter Minuit was sent to organize a real town, <br />
<br />
1621 -- VA. Jamestown. Black indentured servant does well. 'Antonio a Negro', later <i>Andrew Johnson</i>
served as indentured servant in Jamestown, for the Bennett family, had
use of a plot of land, supplies, married, was freed, changed his name to
signify freedom, became a landowner of 250 acres, See <a href="http://mdroots.thinkport.org/library/anthonyjohnson.asp">http://mdroots.thinkport.org/library/anthonyjohnson.asp </a> Antonio Johnson. Jamestown at the time was considered as Maryland. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>No
slavery laws were in place at that time. Blacks and whites were both
considered indentured servants, and with the same opportunity to become
freemen at the end of their term. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/">http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/ </a></li>
<ul>
<li>Problems: Indentured servants could go free in time (often in just 7 years), and with a starter of resources expected,and even seeking a patch of land. This squeezed the landowners more, so 'racial slavery' became more and more the profitable route. See <i>PBS</i>.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
1622 -- VA. Had no law on slavery, and came from no tradition of it. <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship</a> at p. 2. See Virginia Company ultimately failed to turn profits, and even converting Indians to Christianity failed (to produce enough labor, or what?) and a massacre of settlers in 1622 was the end of the colony as a company. Fake news -- "Instructions in late 1606 from the Virginia Company stressed 'above all things' the need to hide the numbers of English sick and deceased to prevent the Virginia Indians from seizing upon the colony’s weakness." Tobacco was promising, but came late. See <a href="http://historicjamestowne.org/history/virginia-company/">http://historicjamestowne.org/history/virginia-company/</a><br />
<br />
VA -- First mainland British colony to establish slavery, even if not by that exact name, see <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship</a><br />
<br />
1624 -- VA. Va Company charter was revoked. Colony became a Royal Colony under control of King James I, who died in 1625, succeeded by eldest son Charles I (in times of great religious turmoil, see <a href="http://www.historyofengland.net/kings-and-queens/the-stuarts-kings-queens-1603-1660#">http://www.historyofengland.net/kings-and-queens/the-stuarts-kings-queens-1603-1660#</a>). Indentured servitude lived on, however, essential to the colonies;a third to a half of all immigrants to the colonies were indentured servants, see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/">http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/</a><br />
<br />
Early status discriminations: The same offense committed by an indentured servant or a non-servant: the indentured servant received the harsher punishment. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/">http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/ </a><br />
<br />
1628 -- NY. New Netherlands as a colony needed more profits for the company's investors. It set up a system of Patroons, like feudal lords, in charge of their own lands, who would bring in their own colonists at their own expense, but this was still unattractive because the company kept the fur and fishing trading profits. Shareholder Killaean von Rensselaer changed the rules -- more favorable to the Patroon. Colonies Dutch, and English, dickered and agreed on boundaries, and set up defenses against the Swedes and the Finns. See <a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html">http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html</a><br />
<br />
1633 -- MD -- Lord Baltimore. Named for Queen Henrietta Maria, French,
wife of King Charles I. Safe haven for Catholics (see religious issues
of the day, <a href="http://www.historyofengland.net/kings-and-queens/the-stuarts-kings-queens-1603-1660#">http://www.historyofengland.net/kings-and-queens/the-stuarts-kings-queens-1603-1660#</a>) </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
1636 -- CT -- Originally Dutch 1630's, then English took in 1636
with Thomas Hooker, Puritan; religious freedom, voting rights<br />
<br />
1636 -- RI -- 1620 start of stragglers; 1636 formal colony by
Puritan Roger Williams who was banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony;
for religious freedom<br />
<br />
1637 -- MA. Samuel Lincoln, ancestor of Abraham Lincoln, immigrant servant. a <br />
white serf" of <a href="https://norfolksamericanconnections.com/people-g-m/francis-lawes/">Francis Lawes</a>, a weaver who emigrated to Boston with his wife and two servants (including Samuel Lincoln) arrives from England. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ts4YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=worker+class+history+of+humiliation&source=bl&ots=7n2yfZuiYz&sig=mfL6INjjgk5EOKk7mh21dLOnbMA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_ue-KkMzTAhVGPCYKHaHPAoUQ6AEIPDAF#v=onepage&q=worker%20class%20history%20of%20humiliation&f=false">The Workers in American History</a> by James Oneal (herein <i>Workers</i>) at p.54.<br />
<br />
1638 -- Dutch West India Trading Company relaxes some prohibitions against other traders and colonies, but many take advantage of this: crooked merchants, growers, wholesalers, etc. but the New Netherlanders held fast to ties with the homeland ties, not the new swindlers. British market shenanigans forced the Verbrugge family to abandon their Virginia tobacco trading; but others prevailed, so far. New England colonies were not so secure. See<a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html"> http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html </a><br />
<br />
1640 -- VA. Legislature, House of Burgesses, comprised of elected landowners, dominated by planters emerging as their own class. Interest: control the colony's laborers, white, black. Secure the investments in them, and it was growing especially as to investments in blacks. No clear definition of slavery, however. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Duke.edu. at p.4.</a> <br />
<br />
1640 -- VA.<i> John Punch.</i> Court sentences a black indentured servant to <i>slavery</i>. See <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html.</a> His name: <i> John Punch</i>, a runaway, thus laying groundwork for blacks being enslaveable. White runaways were not enslaved. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship.</a><br />
John Punch escaped with European indentured servants; Victor (Dutch); and James Gregory (Scots) Another negro, Emanuel (McIlwane?), ran away with indentured servants Christopher Miller and John Williams (Dutch) and John Will (Dutch, and a <i>Chirugeon </i>- <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=chirurgeon">surgeon</a>) and four other unidentified, presumed English. The usual punishment was whipping and branding, and adding to the time of servitude. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in America</a> at p.5, n.27.<br />
<div style="font-family: monospace; font-size: 14.1137px; left: 596.217px; top: 1029.98px; transform: scaleX(0.458694);">
<br /></div>
1641 -- MA. Legalizes slavery. See<a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html"> http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
See<i> Body of Liberties</i> quoted there<i>,</i> section 19: Bond slavery, villeinage (feudal), captivity acceptable if lawfully taken in just ward, or willingly sell themselves to us, or who are sold to us. They shall have such liberties and Christian usages as the law of God in Israel established, morally required. See full text of the <i>Body of Liberties </i>at<a href="http://www.constitution.org/bcp/mabodlib.htm"> http://www.constitution.org/bcp/mabodlib.htm.</a><br />
Liberties to each man ' by his place and proportion.' <br />
<br />
1641 -- VA. Haphazard laws. This black servant, or possibly even a slave,<i> John Graweere</i>, was allowed to buy the freedom of his son, see <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship</a><br />
<br />
1643 -- New England Federation: passes fugitive slave law, see <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html </a><br />
<br />
1646 -- NY. New Netherland. Island of Manhate. Jesuit priest wrote of its ethnic diversity: 4-500 men of diverse backgrounds, 18 different languages, settlement still subject to Indian incursions. See <a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html">http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html</a> <br />
<br />
1650 -- RI. Restricts slavery. See<a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html"> http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
1650's -- New World. Gradually. rise in slave labor replaced indentured servitude, white labor did not thrive, illness in tropical climates, replacements needed, kept on as skilled workers sometimes, but even then blacks were being trained for that work, see <a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site18/The%20Decline%20of%20Indentured%20Servitude.htm">Gettysburg.edu, Decline in Indentured Servitude </a><br />
<br />
By 1650, MD - Best Tidewater land already n hands of white plantation owners. see <a href="http://mdroots.thinkport.org/library/anthonyjohnson.asp">http://mdroots.thinkport.org/library/anthonyjohnson.asp.</a> As indentured servants were freed. fewer places to go and prosper, less integration of races, see site.<br />
<br />
1654 -- MD. Former black indentured servant<i> Anthony Johnson</i>, now a landowner, see 1621, purchased a black slave named <i>John Casor </i>in Maryland, Northampton County. Casor then "became the first legal slave in America," with the description, 'propter for life,' * see <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html</a>. Apparently Casor argued that the English Common Law did not permit such slavery, but the Court found that Africans were not protected by the Common Law (see site). Johnson, however, also a black, was so protected in his property interest. Law passes: blacks can hold slaves, see <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
Anthony Johnson also owned white indentured servants, see <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship </a><br />
<br />
* Propter for life, is that property for life? See <i>Slavery in the United States, Persons or Property</i> by Paul Finkelman, at <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship</a>, 2012, excellent survey.<br />
<br />
1654 -- NY. Jews. To New Amsterdam. The Dutch West India Company of Brazil, defeated at its colony called New Holland by the Portuguese after an 8-year rebellion, sent 23 Jews to New Amsterdam. See <a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html">http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html</a>. Some in the province sought their removal, but lost because a) some shareholders of the West India Company were Jewish merchants, and b) compromise was reached by letting them stay in a segregated way (earlyghetto?) and worship but not build a synagogue.The Jewish stockholders also intervened when a punishment meted out to one of the New Amsterdam Jewish settlers for something minor was too harsh. <br />
<br />
1646-55 -- Netherlands. Dutch capture New Sweden. Population in New Netherlands -- many Germans, Swedes, Finns. German-Scandinavian Lutherans began holding services with unapproved pastors, religious disputes arose over ideology among the protestants, but were shoved under the rug satisfactorily. See <a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html">http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html. </a><br />
Villages by ethnicity: English were Newtown, Gravesend, Hemptead, Flushing and Jamaica; Dutch were Brooklyn, Flatlands, Flatbush, New Utrecht and Bushwick.<br />
<br />
1657 -- VA. Runaways. Passes law against runaway servants, no category named as "slave" -- that term not used yet, condition not recognized legally as such. Instead, all were servants subject to their term limits, no expectation of lifetime, see <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in America</a> at 5. Punishment for runaways: branding, whipping, add to term of service. By 1659-1660, laws recognized status of slavery in that 'slaves' brought in by Dutch or others had certain taxes applied, etc.Runaway 'slaves' already for life could not have term added as punishment, so any European indentured servants who ran away with slaves would have the slave's 'extra' time served by the indentured servant, to discourage cooperation. in the escape. This also set European indentureds against blacks slaves, empowered and entrenched planters, set stage for lifetime bondage. And no definition yet of 'slavery' -- leaving laws blurry.<br />
<br />
1660-1674 -- Netherlands. Dutch-English rivalries, battles, back and forth throughout their colonies, with annexations and alliances and moves countermoves and skulduggeries, resulting in the English prevailing over the Dutch, see <a href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html">http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html</a><br />
<br />
1660 -- VA. No mention of slavery before this time. Women and men -- subject to a tax ('tithable') both. Recognizes economic value. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in America </a><br />
<br />
1662 -- VA. Hereditary slave law. A child takes on the status of the mother as to slavery. See <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html </a><br />
This abrogated Common Law where a bastard child took the status of the father. free if free. VA instead turned to Roman law, where, as with livestock, the ownership of offspring of a female beast stayed with the owner of the female beast. This new law freed up the men to do their thing. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in America</a> at p.7. Further statutes: Blacks could not testify against whites. No legal bar to rape or requirements for support for negro bastardy. White bastards had to be supported. See site.<br />
<br />
1663 -- MD. Legalizes slavery. See<a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html"> http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html </a><br />
<br />
1663 -- SC - Colony founded by Charter from Charles II granted to 8 nobles. Crown took it over again in 1729. See <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/south-carolina-colony-103881">https://www.thoughtco.com/south-carolina-colony-103881</a><br />
<br />
<br />
1664 -- NY -- Originally Dutch Peter Stuyvesant. 1664: surrendered to English, renamed New York after <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bA9Ovlieq3A">Duke of York</a> (title usually goes to 2d son of the monarch) The Duke of York here became King James II. Legalizes slavery. See <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
1664 -- NJ -- Originally Dutch, then English in 1664, divided
into east and west, then unified -- as a state, it is smaller than it
was as a colony. <i>The Duke of York</i>, later King James II, blockaded the New Amsterdam harbor, Peter Stuyvesant did not fight it, so the King got control of New Netherland, and gave land to friends Sir George Carteret (born on the British Isle of Jersey)and Lord Berkeley, and that became New Jersey. Advertised for settlers: religious freedom (for Protestants), representative govt. Some 400,000 acres went to a group of Baptists, Quakers, Puritans arrived. See <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/new-jersey-colony-103874">https://www.thoughtco.com/new-jersey-colony-103874.</a> Legalizes slavery, see <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
1664 -- MD -- No white woman to marry a black male, see <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html </a>. All black slaves to serve for life. See<i> site</i>. Other colonies followed suit.<br />
<br />
1667 -- VA. Baptism of negro shall not alter bondage. <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship"> Slavery in America</a> at p.7<br />
<br />
1670 -- VA. No free black or Indian shall have a white (Christian) slave. See <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
1672 -- VA. Black indentured servant<i> Edward Mozingo</i> was declared free after serving his term. His owner had to pay him his corn and clothes and 400 lbs of tobacco as freedom dues. <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship.</a> Slavery: no simple definition, see site.<br />
<br />
Britain charters the Royal African Company, with monopoly so that only way to get slaves to America was through its company. Challenged by MA successfully in 1680. See <a href="http://www.masshist.org/teaching-history/loc-slavery/essay.php?entry_id=504">http://www.masshist.org/teaching-history/loc-slavery/essay.php?entry_id=504</a><br />
<br />
1674 -- NJ. West Jersey was sold by Lord Berkeley to Quakers. His heirs got East Jersey. The West Jersey Quakers provided for the vote for nearly all adult males. <br />
<br />
1676 -- VA. Jamestown. <i> Bacon's Rebellion</i>, really clash of two stubborn people, Governor Berkeley, representing the aristocratic minority, and Nathaniel Bacon, Jr, a distant relative, smallholder; rather than signifying first stirrings to Revolution against authority, see <a href="https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/bacons-rebellion.htm">https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/bacons-rebellion.htm</a>. See variety of economic causes, all converging, family feud of the two principles, lands set aside for whites but population spilling over into Indian lands,<a href="http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1157.html"> indentured servants</a> opposing the governor supporting Indians, scapegoating Indians, escalations, attacks: In 1675, one group of Indians attacked a plantation in a dispute of payment owed the Indians, colonists retaliated by attacking the wrong tribe, larger scale Indian raids ensued. Governor set up a meeting, but several chiefs were killed there; division of Indians ultimately into good ones and and bad ones, forcibly disarming them, and declaring war on the bad. set up barriers, and cost was passed on to colonists as taxes. On and on until 1676 when Bacon burned down Jamestown, but died of disease before hangman got there; and Berkeley was forced back to England. Is that it? Upshot: need for new policies for new problems. See complexity of issues, some like today, at <a href="http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h521.html">http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h521.html</a><br />
<br />
1679 --NH -- stragglers 1623 (still part of MA colony) to escape the d@!*X$ Puritans; 1679 Royal Colony. Scots Irish formed a settlement in 1719. See <a href="http://www.qrcodesinmarketing.net/american-colonies.html">http://www.qrcodesinmarketing.net/american-colonies.html</a><br />
<br />
1680 -- VA. Blacks not to congregate, bear arms; and harsh punishments for assaulting Christians or attempting escape. <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html </a><br />
<br />
See details of many laws, slave as property, convoluted provisions, <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship"> Slavery in America</a> at pp.7ff <br />
<br />
1680 -- MA. Machinations to avoid a British monopoly on slave trade, see<a href="http://www.masshist.org/teaching-history/loc-slavery/essay.php?entry_id=504"> http://www.masshist.org/teaching-history/loc-slavery/essay.php?entry_id=504 </a><br />
<br />
1681 -- PA -- King Charles II gave charter to William Penn, Quaker. See <a href="http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-history/1681-1776.html">http://www.phmc.state.pa.us/portal/communities/pa-history/1681-1776.html</a>. The King owed a debt to Penn, see <i>site.</i> <br />
<br />
1682 -- NJ. East New Jersey was sold to William Penn, a Quaker, as well as much of Delaware -- thus Quakers administered much land.<br />
<br />
1694 -- Carolinas. Start rice plantations, increasing demand for black slaves. See <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
1698 -- Increased participation in slave trade led to the <i>Triangular Trade</i> route, see <a href="http://www.masshist.org/teaching-history/loc-slavery/essay.php?entry_id=504">http://www.masshist.org/teaching-history/loc-slavery/essay.php?entry_id=504 </a><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
1700 -- Servitude as economic neceessity moves into social pejoratives. Fixing hierarchies. </div>
<br />
1700 -- MA, Pamphlet, <a href="https://www.masshist.org/database/53"><i>The Selling of Joseph</i></a>, against practices to compel ongoing servitude, see <a href="http://www.masshist.org/teaching-history/loc-slavery/essay.php?entry_id=504">http://www.masshist.org/teaching-history/loc-slavery/essay.php?entry_id=504 </a><br />
<br />
1701 -- DE -- Originally Dutch; that failed; then came Swedes, but
the Dutch came back. Then the English won out. Then Dutch again. Around
and around until independent 1701.<br />
<br />
1702 -- NJ. East and West join as a Royal Colony, with an elected legislature.<br />
<br />
1712 -- NY - Revolt. Slaves: 23. Violence, and 70 blacks imprisoned. See <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html </a><br />
<br />
1717 -- MA. <a href="http://matherproject.org/node/22">Cotton Mather</a>, minister, author, pamphleteer, historian, establishes a school for Indians and slave youth <br />
<br />
1732 -- GA -- <a href="https://www.founderspatriots.org/articles/georgia.php">James Oglethorpe</a>,
colony named for King George II. Give the poor a fresh start. No man
was to make a profit. Settle with people from debtors' prisons in
England, or in debt and likely to end up there. Also serve as a haven
for Protestants. Then plans changed to include skilled persons. Once
there, "Oglethorpe and the Trustees desired to create a society where
every head of household worked on his own land without slaves, creating a
single class." How did that work out for ya?<br />
<br />
1738 -- GA. Oglethorpe ran into headwinds. Georgia: founded as a colony, no slaves, little land ownership. Slavery was even prohibited. Oglethorpe declared it immoral, and against British law. Residents, however, experiencing the hardships of the colony, blamed its demise on absence of land ownership, rum and slaves. See <a href="https://www.founderspatriots.org/articles/georgia.php">https://www.founderspatriots.org/articles/georgia.php</a>.<br />
<br />
FL. St. Augustine FL became a refuge for fugitive blacks, see<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-appell/the-pivotal-black-history_b_6038342.html"> http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-appell/the-pivotal-black-history_b_6038342.html </a>, a free black town, see<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2h14.html"> Gracia Real de de Santa Teresa de Mose.</a><br />
<br />
1739 -- SC. <i>Stono's Rebellion</i>, or <i>Cato's Rebellion</i>. Killed: 42-27 whites, 44 blacks. See <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html</a>; and <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p284.html">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p284.html </a><br />
<br />
1741 -- NY. Insurrection. Slaves and poor whites. Violence, hangings, set fire to Governor's house, show trial. lower Manhattan. See <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html</a><br />
<br />
1743 -- GA. Oglethorpe had hoped for a colony sanctuary against persecution, and lost. He left the colony. See https://www.founderspatriots.org/articles/georgia.php<br />
<br />
1750 -- All southern colonies, plus northern Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, prohibit interracial marriage, see <a href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mar14.htm">http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mar14.htm</a><br />
<br />
1752 -- GA. Becomes a Royal Colony, petitions to revoke the Charter prevailed, and the area became known for plantations and slavery. When was slavery first brought?<br />
<br />
1764 -- PA. Germans in Philadelphia organize societies to help enslaved Germans and other nationalities endure their deprivations, and got rid of some abuses, <i>Workers</i> at 56. <br />
<br />
1736 -- PA. Founding Father, from indentured origins, we think, and made good. Arrival of George Taylor, immigrant indentured servant (apparently not mistreated, see <a href="http://articles.mcall.com/1984-07-15/news/2436116_1_george-taylor-iron-furnace">http://articles.mcall.com/1984-07-15/news/2436116_1_george-taylor-iron-furnace</a>), with parents, from Ireland, or was it England, and was he not indentured at all but began work as a bookkeeper, sources vary, see <a href="https://archive.org/stream/homesofgeorgetay01fack/homesofgeorgetay01fack_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/homesofgeorgetay01fack/homesofgeorgetay01fack_djvu.txt.</a> Labored at Durham Furnace, upper Bucks County. <br />
<br />
1753 -- PA. George Taylor Married the boss's widow, became administrator of the estate, but her mother did not like a former indentured servant in charge, and he was asked to resign. George Taylor, then became a manager at Durham Furnace, leased it out for the making of various products, or was it Coventry Forge and Warwick Furnace, more differing records, see <a href="https://archive.org/stream/homesofgeorgetay01fack/homesofgeorgetay01fack_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/homesofgeorgetay01fack_djvu.txt </a><br />
<br />
1770 -- PA. George Taylor by then a 'radical' member of the Pennsylvania Assembly, and ultimately signed the Declaration of Independence. Transformed the ironworks into munitions, but was held back by his legal status as mere leaseholder, see 1753 above. The owner, a loyalist, caused the property to be confiscated. See <a href="https://archive.org/stream/homesofgeorgetay01fack/homesofgeorgetay01fack_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/homesofgeorgetay01fack/homesofgeorgetay01fack_djvu.txt </a><br />
<br />
MA. Black<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2p24.html"> Crispus Attucks</a> protested the British restricting liberties, Boston Massacre and was killed as the first to die in the Revolution. See <a href="https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html">https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html</a><br />
<br />
1775 -- British Lord Dunmore offers freedom in exchange for any white indentured servant or negro leaving his master and fighting for the British, see <i>Workers in America at 55</i>. General fear among colonists seeking independence: that their indentured servants would desert them, fight for British, turn against them.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>VA -- Responded with colonists' offer to free indentured servants who fought with the rebels. <i>Workers in America at 55. </i>Washington's army was mainly bond-slaves, farmers, laborers. <i>Workers in America</i> at 55.</li>
</ul>
<div>
1775-1793 -- Blacks in the Revolutionary Army, thousands, slave and free, integrated regiments, but only about 20% of slave soldiers were freed after their service, see <a href="https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html">https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html</a>. Black Minutemen fought as well, but no slaves, see site.</div>
1776 -- By this time, West Indies British stopped importing many white indentured servants to the US, and the few whites coming in went to the Chesapeake and Pennsylvania<br />
<br />
1776 -- <a href="http://www.ushistory.org/DECLARATION/document/">Declaration of Independence</a>. "All men are created equal." Resulted in no change as to Black slaves or white slaves, indentured servants. Purchase and sale of laborers continued, white and black. This trafficking enabled, along with the conquest of natural resources, a ruling class. <i>Workers</i> at 56.<br />
Revolutionary war 1776-1783.<br />
<br />
Aristocracy: Grew in influence, wealth, power; and with land ownership, political power. <i>Workers</i> at 56.<br />
<br />
Legislation: Reflects the aristocracy. <i>Workers </i>at 56. Originalism of the Constitution so fixes. <br />
<br />
1776 -- PA. George Taylor's river boats were commandeered by George Washington to cross the Delaware on Chistmas Day, see<a href="https://archive.org/stream/homesofgeorgetay01fack/homesofgeorgetay01fack_djvu.txt"> https://archive.org/stream/homesofgeorgetay01fack djvu.txt</a><br />
<br />
1777 -- VT. Still a territory: Abolishes slavery, see <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html </a><br />
<br />
1778 -- MA. 'Bound girl' Deborah Sampson Gannett, a servant,(a 'bound girl' see <i>Workers in America</i> at 55) saved for cloth and made herself a man's uniform and joined the army, see <a href="http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/womansoldier.html">http://www.revolutionarywararchives.org/womansoldier.html</a>, served as <i>Robert Shirtliffe</i>, and ultimately was given a Congressional pension, see<a href="http://www.awm.lee.army.mil/research_pages/gannett_deborah.htm"> http://www.awm.lee.army.mil/research_pages/gannett_deborah.htm</a><br />
<br />
1778-1781 -- RI. First Rhode Island Regiment was all black; officers were white. The blacks were not compensated, as whites were, for their service after the war ended. See <a href="https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html">https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html</a><br />
<br />
1780 -- PA . Abolishes slavery. See <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html </a><br />
<br />
1781 -- NY. Partial abolition. Abolishes slavery for black who fought on the rebel side in the Revolutionary War. See <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html. </a><br />
In 1827, full abolition. <br />
<br />
1783 -- New York. British evacuate. Land grants given to veteran soldiers, see <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
1785 -- MD. Three Chinese arrive in Baltimore -- seamen on the ship Pallas. See <a href="http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/chinese-immigration-to-the-united-states-1884-1944/timeline.htm">http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/chinese-immigration-to-the-united-states-1884-1944/timeline.htm</a> (here, Berkeley Timeline, Chinese) <br />
<br />
1787 -- Constitution of the United States. No mention of slavery but many protections for it. Firest mention: 1865 13th Amendment. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in the United States. </a>South was by then convinced of its moral rectitude, religious support, and economic necessity. see site p. 11. All slaves (not specific reference to Blacks) were to be counted as<a href="http://www.blackpast.org/aah/three-fifths-clause-united-states-constitution-1787"> 3/5 of a person</a> compared to free whites. See <a href="http://www.blackpast.org/aah/three-fifths-clause-united-states-constitution-1787">http://www.blackpast.org/aah/three-fifths-clause-united-states-constitution-1787.</a><br />
Congress could not ban slavery before 1808, but could regulate, and did. See 1794. <br />
<br />
1788 -- Philadelphia. Ratification of the Constitution.<br />
<br />
1789 -- Bill of Rights. Left bondage issue as it was. See<a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship"> Slavery in America </a>at 15.<br />
<br />
1790 -- Congress. <a href="http://www.indiana.edu/~kdhist/H105-documents-web/week08/naturalization1790.html">Naturalization Act 1790. </a>Citizenship limited to 'free white persons' 'of good moral character. Two year residency. See http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/chinese-immigration-to-the-united-states-1884-1944/timeline.html<br />
<br />
1794 -- US. Slave Trade Act of 1794. No ships to be outfitted to carry slaves. See <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html </a><br />
<br />
1795 -- Second Naturalization Act,<a href="http://www.indiana.edu/~kdhist/H105-documents-web/week08/naturalization1790.html"> Naturalization Act 1795</a> Free whites: 3-5 year residency, and give up your noble titles. Stayed in effect until 1952. <br />
<br />
1797 -RI. John Brown, slaver and businessman, was arrested for violating the Slave Trade Act, see biography at<a href="http://www.rihs.org/mssinv/Mss312.htm"> http://www.rihs.org/mssinv/Mss312.htm.</a> Penalties follow for others continuing the slave trade. See site.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
1800-- Entitlement to poorly paid or slave labor becomes culture for the privileged.</div>
<br />
1807 -- Britain. Bans slave trade. See <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
1808 -- US. Bans slave trade. 1820 -- slave trading punishable by death, see <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a>. By 1825 - some 1,175,000 slaves here, most born here. See site.<br />
<br />
1812-1818 -- War of 1812. Blacks fought in own regiments and in integrated units, others supplied materiel,<a href="https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html"> https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html</a><br />
<br />
1817 -- PA. Philadelphia. Sale of white slaves, one German Swiss, two French Swiss,<i> Workers</i> at 56; PA statutes reference them 1818.<br />
<br />
1819 -- US law provides for return of negroes to Africa. Liberia created. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in America</a> at 18ff. <br />
<br />
1818-1840 -- Rise of slave labor, immigration pattern changes, period of reduction in use of indentured servants in America, see <a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site18/The%20Decline%20of%20Indentured%20Servitude.htm">Gettysburg edu, Decline of Indentured Servitude.</a><br />
Hazards remained: example, if a fare had been paid by someone here who was not present when the immigrant arrived, the immigrant might be jailed and sold, see site.<br />
<br />
1820-1825 -- The <i>Antelope</i>. Spanish ship, collected slaves, American captain, caught for violating the anti-slave trade act, which slaves belonged to whom, persons or property, see <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in America</a> at 18. Who was to be free and who not was a matter of a lottery.<br />
<br />
1822 -- Animal rights. British Parliament protects farm animals from cruelty. See timeline of animal rights at <a href="http://www.lancerlibrary.org/uploads/8/7/7/0/8770112/animal_rights_timeline_abc">http://www.lancerlibrary.org/uploads/8/7/7/0/8770112/animal_rights_timeline_abc</a>-clio.pdf<br />
In 1824,London. SPCA is founded. see site, and for subsequent activities 1800's 1900's.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd20Wo_ziWO4k5pgPVahbnE8Q-k59WNBOJoSI55RSpy6rcPT62I-PHMHyLi4pJH07h7Gz8KYJvySKTCsZ5nuJ2i-IsH_dK8QTX0X6sc-Wxs6VEMc6ZcjuxrfseVIZ5LVxfDY80KzuIbSRt/s1600/scan0025.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd20Wo_ziWO4k5pgPVahbnE8Q-k59WNBOJoSI55RSpy6rcPT62I-PHMHyLi4pJH07h7Gz8KYJvySKTCsZ5nuJ2i-IsH_dK8QTX0X6sc-Wxs6VEMc6ZcjuxrfseVIZ5LVxfDY80KzuIbSRt/s320/scan0025.jpg" width="248" />Servitude. 19th C. human and animal: conditions rise in awareness, for some. Tyke the Elephant here?</a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Fast forward to 1994: <i> Tyke the Elephant</i>. On rampage at circus, escapes, kills trainer. Cops gun him/her down. See <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/historical-timeline-of-animal-rights-movement-127594">Animal Rights Timeline.</a></li>
</ul>
1827 -- NY abolishes slavery. See<b> </b><a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html</a><br />
<br />
1829 -- Sale of 'redemptioners' or white servant-slaves was halted, <i>Workers</i> at 56. But see 1831 -- registry shows binding of a redemptioner in Philadelphia. Id.<br />
<br />
1830's -- British West Indies. Slavery abolished (as to both whites and blacks?). <a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site18/The%20Decline%20of%20Indentured%20Servitude.htm">Gettysburg edu, Decline in Indentured Servitude.</a> Slavery-servitude not abolished as to other places, however.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>1830's -- British Guiana, Trinidad, Jamaica, Cuba and Peru. </li>
<li>Ongoing need for labor: British imported labor from new sources: China, India</li>
</ul>
1830 ff -- US <i>Indian Removal Act</i>; Trail of Tears, with removal of Choctaw, see <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a>. Signed by President Andrew Jackson. Do tell Trump. See<a href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Indian.html"> https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Indian.html.</a> 1832 -- Chickasaw Indians treaty to receive $3,000,000 for lands unpaid for years, see site.<br />
<br />
1830 -- Census. three Chinese live here, but many Chinese peddlers, sailors in NY. See <a href="http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/chinese-immigration-to-the-united-states-1884-1944/timeline.html">Berkeley Timeline, Chinese </a><br />
<br />
1831-1866 -- Anti-slavery newspaper, <i>William Lloyd Garrison</i>, see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1561.html">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1561.html </a>"I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest -- I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE HEARD." See site.<br />
<br />
1831 -- VA. Justified fear of rebellion.<br />
<br />
<i>Nat Turner's Rebellion</i> see<a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html"> https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/history.html</a>. Killed some 51 whites. See also<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/08/on-this-day-in-1831-a-bloody-uprising-in-the-virginia-countryside/278905/"> https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/08/on-this-day-in-1831-a-bloody-uprising-in-the-virginia-countryside/278905/</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
1840's -- US develops <i>Manifest Destiny</i> idea to explain and justify as <i>mission</i> its desired expansionism, supremacism see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/prelude/manifest_destiny_overview.html">http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/prelude/manifest_destiny_overview.html</a><br />
<br />
Immigrant servitude. Slow-down, virtual halt, immigrant servitude, see <a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/%7Etshannon/hist106web/site18/The%20Decline%20of%20Indentured%20Servitude.htm">Gettysburg edu Decline in Indentured Servitude.</a>
Factors: Immigrants able to pay own fares, immigrant networks for aid, banking enabled fares to be
sent abroad, eased repayment arrangements. Result of reduced indenture: costs increased to approximate wage labor. Pool of wage earners
increased, but owners wanted something cheaper. Enter slavery. See site. <br />
<br />
1840's-1860 -- China. Increase in "Coolie Trade" - get cheap labor from China, by kidnapping, violence, deceit. Big market: South America, Cuba, US. see <a href="http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/2KeyIssues/CoolieLabor.htm">http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/2KeyIssues/CoolieLabor.htm</a> See 1878 <br />
<br />
1841 -- Blacks. The <i>Amistad</i>. Ship from Cuba carrying slaves, mutiny, caught, who was to remain slave and who not. Those who had not been brought legally as slaves to Cuba could go free, but the cabin boy who had been a slave while in Cuba, was returned to slavery. Principle: Free men could fight for the ir liberty, but a bonded one could not. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in United States</a> at 20.<br />
<br />
1845 -- Black in public life. Former slave <i>Frederick Douglass</i>, abolitionist, publishes autobiography see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1539.html">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1539.html </a>. See<a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Narrative_of_the_life_of_Frederick_Dougl.html?id=U69bAAAAQAAJ"><i> Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written By Himself. </i></a>Click on the sections, scroll down, and read. As the son of a black and an unknown white woman, would he necesarily have been considered a slave at that time?<br />
<br />
1846-1848 -- Mexico. <a href="http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/index_flash.html">Mexican-American War.</a> At conclusion, with borders readjusted in US favor, Mexican farm workers in great numbersbegan crossing the border to the US, no barriers, and many went back and forth thereafter, see <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">Timeline of Agricultural Workers</a>.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Border adjustments. US acquires California -- Los Angeles had been Mexican,<a href="http://Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciuncula"> Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciuncula</a> for some 30 years, and Spanish before that. See Los Angeles and immigration: <a href="http://immigrationtous.net/185-los-angeles-california.html">http://immigrationtous.net/185-los-angeles-california.html</a></li>
</ul>
1847 -- CT and China. Brilliant student, from China, to Yale. <a href="https://connecticuthistory.org/people/yung-wing/">Yung Wing</a> and 2 other students. Yung Wing excels, graduates, see <a href="http://ceas.yale.edu/yung-wing">http://ceas.yale.edu/yung-wing. </a> Choir, football, Boat Club, prizes. established large library and an educational mission. He sent 120 students to US schools, etc. See site. <br />
<br />
1847-1857 -- Perpetuating servitude. <i>Dred Scott.</i> Owner had taken him to several states, not all slave states: should slavery be allowed in new states. Dred Scott sued for freedom. Finally at Supreme Court. <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2932.html">Dred Scott</a>
decision: No Negro could be a citizen or sue in Federal Court. Lower
courts had one both ways, facts were disputed, different states treated
issues on their own, who knew what rights, and ultimately once a slave, a slave. His former master had fine sons, however, who bought his freedom,
but Dred Scott died within the year. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in America </a>at 24 ff.<br />
<br />
1848-1920 -- <i>Women's Suffrage</i> Timeline. First large meeting at Seneca Falls, NY, see <a href="http://tag.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/suffrage-timeline.pdf">http://tag.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/suffrage-timeline.pdf</a><br />
<br />
1848 -- CA.. Gold rush. Chinese population at the time nationally, by 1950: Chinese = 4,000. Rest of population (including blacks?) 23,200,000. See <a href="http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/chinese-immigration-to-the-united-states-1884-1944/timeline.html">http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/chinese-immigration-to-the-united-states-1884-1944/timeline.html</a><br />
<br />
1849 -- Black working for freedom. <i>Harriet Tubman</i>, born a slave, escapes, becomes abolitionist, see Underground Railroad. See <a href="http://www.biography.com/people/harriet-tubman-9511430">http://www.biography.com/people/harriet-tubman-9511430. </a><br />
<br />
1850 -- US Bloodhound Law -- Fugitive slaves to be returned whether in free or slave state, all must obey, see <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<br />
<i>White supremacism</i> underlies mindset of too many. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/white-supremacy/">http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/white-supremacy/</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaHGJWBMQABTFljWlq4k1gVWdenApykI4cVCdVrD_4RjdyO1092EIxqPG5rMZybq81aQrKXSA_B2dSKreVQQH0hXbvJ7MhtiC8dZNXBMiBZdY7Pldx3N3_Dza0XD5wkN50YGP-SqQ4OXj1/s1600/angelphlpts.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaHGJWBMQABTFljWlq4k1gVWdenApykI4cVCdVrD_4RjdyO1092EIxqPG5rMZybq81aQrKXSA_B2dSKreVQQH0hXbvJ7MhtiC8dZNXBMiBZdY7Pldx3N3_Dza0XD5wkN50YGP-SqQ4OXj1/s320/angelphlpts.jpg" width="320" />White Supremacism, as seen by the supremacists. Old German print, ours, unsigned, from the '50's.</a> <br />
<br />
1850 -- CA. <i>Foreign miners tax</i>. Imposed to protect 'native-born whites' from competion from not only Chinese, but others seeking their fortunes and from Germany Chile, Mexico, Ireland, Turkey, and France. See<a href="http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/goldrush.html"> http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/goldrush.html</a><br />
<br />
1852 -- Slavery. Harriet Beecher Stowe, <a href="https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/utc/">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a>. See her Hartford house. <a href="https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/visit/hbs_house.shtml">https://www.harrietbeecherstowecenter.org/visit/hbs_house.shtml</a><br />
<br />
1853-1930 -- NY. Children's rights. Children's Aid Society founded by <a href="http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/people/brace.html">Charles Loring Brace</a>, and like-minded reformists. Rescue of abandoned and orphaned children took a highly visible form: <i>Orphan trains</i>, transporting some 200,000-250,000 to the midwest, west and Canada. See <a href="http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/topics/orphan.html">http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/topics/orphan.html.</a> Parents could and did often retain contact under some circumstances, with children transferred or shared, not given up, see details at <i>darkwing</i>. Range of 20th C. adoption studies, seen as a science, see <a href="http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/studies/index.html">studies</a>.<br />
<br />
1854 -- CA. <a href="http://www.cetel.org/1854_hall.html">People v. Hall.</a> Chinese cannot testify in judicial proceedings due to natural inferiority, read case. See<a href="http://www.cetel.org/1854_hall.html"> http://www.cetel.org/1854_hall.html</a> <br />
<br />
1854 -- Other immigrants. Polish farm workers. First community, in Texas. See <a href="http://www.polishroots.org/Research/History/polish_farmers_workers/tabid/243/Default.aspx">http://www.polishroots.org/Research/History/polish_farmers_workers/tabid/243/Default.aspx. </a><br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh439V8l2uh-EEq67Pdn_CB3xFU64eUfedhJHsA_9-9sruhru56wPub0NRhR9ckG5KXoTvgh-PQVzZFec9h_VjwNWX5XkZ1LXUllY_LoKltbr_NwOUp6PWrbIBmd1Rs5bi3PhcJD3sOrc59/s1600/IMG_0623.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh439V8l2uh-EEq67Pdn_CB3xFU64eUfedhJHsA_9-9sruhru56wPub0NRhR9ckG5KXoTvgh-PQVzZFec9h_VjwNWX5XkZ1LXUllY_LoKltbr_NwOUp6PWrbIBmd1Rs5bi3PhcJD3sOrc59/s320/IMG_0623.JPG" width="320" />Farm peasants, Van Gogh, at The Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russia</a> <br />
<br />
1855 -- CA. Excludes Chinese children from public schools, see <i>Excluded, Segregated and Forgotten: A Historical View of the Discrimination of Chinese Americans in Public Schools,</i> by Joyce Kuo, <a href="http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=aalj">http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=aalj</a><br />
at p.90 ff<br />
<br />
1858 -- CA. Immigration of Chinese and 'Mongolians' prohibited. See this angry timeline about anti-Asian measures, at <a href="http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws">http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws</a><br />
<br />
1859 -- VA. Violence against slavery (in section now West Virginia). John Brown, abolitionist, at Harper's Ferry.Sought to arm slaves. See <a href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-browns-raid-on-harpers-ferry">http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/john-browns-raid-on-harpers-ferry </a><br />
Local militia prevailed, John Brown was hanged.<br />
<br />
1860 -- U.S. Census. See<a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html"> http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Slaves: 3,953,761 slaves (some 12.7% of the U.S.
pop.)</li>
<li>Owners: 393,975 slave holders (some 7.6% of U.S. families) </li>
<li>Total free pop: 27,233,198 </li>
<li>Free blacks, African descent: 476,748 (some 1.75% of the free pop.) </li>
</ul>
1860-1930 -- Immigration. Farm workers. Increase in employer need, growth of big scale industry. Environment hostile to blacks over time, blacks moved out (see Great Migration Jim Crow. See overview at <a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-brief-history-of-american-farm-labor-67460786/">http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/a-brief-history-of-american-farm-labor-67460786/</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
1860-1861 -- Slavery, but not the primary issue, at first. Election of Abraham Lincoln, President. Secession. Seven states secede to form the Confederacy. See <a href="https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~ewdow/Politics%20116/formationoftheconfederacy-3.html">Formation of the Confederaacy. </a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
1861-65 -- Civil War. President Lincoln at the outset followed basic ideology, that the federal government could not interfere with states' internal matters, traditionally marriage, divorce, child custody, inheritance, voting, and -- freedom. Who has it, who doesn't, including slavery. At end, 13th Amendment affirms freedom for all slaves. This is first mention of slavery in the constitution, see 1787. See <a href="https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5386&context=faculty_scholarship">Slavery in the United States</a> at pp.27 ff/<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Emancipation process: See <a href="https://www.civilwar.org/learn/articles/road-emancipation">https://www.civilwar.org/learn/articles/road-emancipation</a>. The South seceded, attacked the north, blacks fled to the northern side, and the theory then could hold that, as property even, they could be confiscated as any other enemy booty or assets, and so they were. <i>Confiscated</i>, then emancipated. </li>
<ul>
<li>In a sense, the act of seceding removed from the South the protection they had as a unified nation, for states to determine internal matters like slavery. They blew it. Is that so? </li>
</ul>
<ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
<li>The <a href="https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured-documents/emancipation-proclamation"><i>Emancipation Proclamation </i></a>1863 only applied to those states in rebellion. See site.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
<ul>
<li>But Lincoln also authorized enlistment of blacks. Thus, not property, but people.</li>
<ul>
<li>No issues yet of social or political equality, see site. </li>
<ul>
<li>14th Amendment did that: no discrinimation, race, previous servitude, etc. </li>
<ul>
<li>Then enter the Jim Crow, Black Codes. See below. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>DC: Slaves freed under the theory that they were subject to Congressional regulation, not that of a state. States' rights undercurrent throughout emancipation issue.</li>
</ul>
1862 -- Immigration. Congress. <i>Pacific Railway Act</i>. Lincoln. See<a href="http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/railroads.html"> http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/railroads.html </a>. 1863: Need - 5000 workers. On hand -- 600. Solution: Chinese. See <a href="http://cprr.org/Museum/Chinese.html">http://cprr.org/Museum/Chinese.html</a>. Chinese were recognized for value as workers, having worked on an earlier railroad project, worked with great success and speed, many died. Chinese were paid far less than to the Irish, see site. Chinese could not become citizens, but had to pay taxes to CA.High risk, Indian attack as well as topography. By 1868: of 4,000 workers, 2/3 were Chinese. Irish: got $30 in gold per month plus board provided. Chinese: got $31 in dollars, but had to pay for board. Completion 1869.<br />
<br />
1862 -- Chinese immigration: Prohibition of trafficking in Chinese workers. <i>Coolie Trade Act. </i>American shippers had profited from the "coolie trade" by transport to Cuba, Peru, elsewhere. See <a href="http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/2KeyIssues/CoolieLabor.htm">http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/2KeyIssues/CoolieLabor.htm</a>. Unfortunately, term <i>coolie</i> came to be applied to all Chinese immigrants, not just those whose passage was paid for them and was to be worked off. See <a href="http://library.uwb.edu/Static/USimmigration/1862_anti_coolie_law.html">http://library.uwb.edu/Static/USimmigration/1862_anti_coolie_law.html</a><br />
<br />
1863 -- President Abraham Lincoln, <i>Emancipation Proclamation</i> (practical result: any escapee to Union land became free)<br />
<br />
1865-66 -- Black Codes. Resistance to emancipation. Many southern states pass <i>Black Codes</i>, to restrict freedoms of Blacks. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/black-codes/">http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/black-codes/</a> These were harsh, for example, requiring blacks to get a permit to work in a non-agricultural labor field (no pun), preventing their raising own crops, and requiring permission to travel. These (all of them?) were repealed in 1866. See <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">Timeline of Agricultural Labor</a>. At whose behest? Who was so sensitive? <br />
<br />
1865-77 -- Reconstruction. Laws prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude. The 13th Amendment of the Constitution gave all men born in the
U.S.- including African Americans - citizenship rights. The 14th Amentment, equal protection, and the 15th Amendment the right to vote<br />
<br />
1865 --<i> Freedmen's Bureau</i> established to help freed slaves <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html\\</a><br />
<br />
1866
-- Resistance. <i>Ku Klux Klan</i> founded to suppress participation of blacks in
politics, among other goals to diminish power of non-whites. Methods
over time -- intimidation, and what we would call terrorism. See <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ku-klux-klan-history-721444">https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ku-klux-klan-history-721444.</a><br />
<a href="http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/nathan-bedford-forrest">Nathan Bedford Forrest</a>, first president, Ku Klux Klan. See site for its 1868 catechism. Name: Ku Klux, from Greek<i> kuklos </i>apparently, meaning group; and Klan just a variant on clan. See <a href="http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ku+Klux+Klan">http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ku+Klux+Klan</a><br />
<br />
1866-1891
-- <i>A way out.</i> The frontier option. Blacks fought in Indian-clearance campaigns, and pursued rustlers,
bandits, outlaws and Mexican revolutionaries, as settlers increasingly
moved west. Black regiments served as cavalry and as infantry. Many:
veterans of the Civil War. Blacks comprised 10% of the total force in
the west (blacks= 5,000 or so soldiers). See <a href="https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html">https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/timeline.html</a>.
Term "Buffalo Soldiers" was used for blacks serving during the Indian
Wars.They had a lower desertion rate than whites despite difficult
conditions.<br />
<br />
1866 -- Repeal of <i>Black Codes</i>, see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/black-codes/">http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/black-codes/</a><br />
<br />
1867-1965 -- Many southern states pass <i>Jim Crow Laws</i>, see <a href="http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/timeline.htm">http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/timeline.htm</a>, racial segregation by variety of means and ideological grounds (separate but equal, for ex), see summary at <a href="http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html">http://www.pilinutpress.com/Articles/Research/SlaveryMilestones.html.</a><br />
Sample Jim Crow laws: see <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/legal.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/legal.html</a><br />
<br />
1867 -- Congress. Peonage, like indentured servant where a passage here is paid or room and board are exchanged by contract for service, but more virulent: <a href="http://www.endslaverynow.org/learn/slavery-today/bonded-labor">debtor peonage </a>, A form of bonded labor where a person who owes a debt is forced to work it off at harsh terms and the debt keeps increasing, often.. Congress outlaws
<i>peonage</i>, where a person goes in debt and repays by labor, not able to get out from under. The
practice continued under various forms, however, see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/peonage/">http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/peonage/.</a>
For example, industrialists installed high cost company supply stores,
for example, in the laborer community, and compelled the worker to use
it for family expenses, the worker wenr into debt, had to work more to
pay it off etc. see site. Load<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jIfu2A0ezq0"> <i>Sixteen Tons</i></a>....
white and black coalminers. Or, induce an arrest for something
minimal, pile on court costs, and the indebted person has to work it
off. <br />
<br />
1868 -- China. The <i>Burlingame Treaty </i>allowed only <i>voluntary
</i>immigration of Chinese to the US. <br />
<br />
1868 -- Black Enlistment. A black woman, slave <a href="https://www.army.mil/africanamericans/profiles/williams.html">Cathay Williams</a>, see bio at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathay_Williams">Wiki</a>, dressed as a male and served as a Buffalo Soldier as William Cathay, Private, 38th Infantry. Two relatives knew her secret, and were in the same regiment. She is remembered in poetry (a fan in 1999), see <a href="http://www.buffalosoldier.net/CathayWilliamsFemaleBuffaloSoldierWithDocuments.htm">http://www.buffalosoldier.net/CathayWilliamsFemaleBuffaloSoldierWithDocuments.htm</a><br />
<br />
1869 ff -- Segregation. Lawsto separate the races, responses, see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/segregation.html">http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/segregation.html </a><br />
<br />
1870 -- Voting rights. 15th Amendment. Black men allowed to vote. See <a href="https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline#">https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline#</a><br />
<br />
1871 -- Resistance to women's rights. <i>Anti-Suffrage Party</i> is formed. Women's right to vote opposed. See <a href="http://www.ultimatehistoryproject.com/womens-anti-suffrage-movement.html">http://www.ultimatehistoryproject.com/womens-anti-suffrage-movement.html </a><br />
<br />
1871 -- Resistance itself is attacked. Ku Klux Klan diminishes under passage of the Congressional Klan Act, allowing arrests. See <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ku-klux-klan-history-721444">https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ku-klux-klan-history-721444. </a><br />
<br />
1871 - AL. Rescinds the legal right of a husband to beat his wife. See <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">Domestic Violence Timeline</a>.<br />
<br />
1873 -- Slavery. Increasingly diminishing. Puerto Rico. Spain abolished slavery here. Earlier, in 1811, had abolished slavery in its colonies, but Cuba kept it up. In 1886, slavery abolished in Cuba. See chronology of abolition of slavery, various countries, <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/uk-slavery-idUSL1561464920070322">http://www.reuters.com/article/uk-slavery-idUSL1561464920070322</a><br />
<br />
1876 -- <i>Hayes-Tilden </i>election. Reconstruction issues, vast disagreements. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/segregation_pops/1876_election.html">http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/segregation_pops/1876_election.htm.</a> Revisit electoral votes, popular votes, delays, issues, democrat lost. See 1877.<br />
<br />
1877 -- Failure of Reconstruction by <i>resistance</i> to change, as well as abuses. <i>Pig Laws.</i> Blacks were removed from political office where they had attained it; <i>Pig Laws</i> passed, creating harsh punishments for small matters, see<a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/black-codes/"> http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/black-codes/.</a> These stayed in effect, and many were rolled over into the <i>Jim Crow</i> era 18196 ff. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/jim-crow/">http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/jim-crow/</a><br />
<br />
1878 -- <i>Woman Suffrage.</i> Amendment written by <a href="http://susanbanthonyhouse.org/her-story/suffrage-movement.php">Susan B. Anthony</a> is introduced. Passes in 1920.<br />
<br />
1878 -- Immigration. China. <i>"Coolie Trade."</i> See 1840's-1860's +. Investigation in Peru and Cuba abuses on sugar plantations, guano pits, other, labor selling selves to pay debts, even at auctions, leads to treaties China-Peru-Cuba for reforms, see<a href="http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/2KeyIssues/CoolieLabor.htm"> http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/2KeyIssues/CoolieLabor.htm</a> <br />
<br />
1880's -- CA, Hawaii: Without slavery, needed sources of bound labor. These were imported from China. See <a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site18/The%20Decline%20of%20Indentured%20Servitude.htm">Gettysburg edu, Decline in Indentured Servitude</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Hawaii: 'True indentures' with contract terms of duration to a specific planter</li>
<li>CA: Indentures were by 'debt contracts' with hypothetical freedom when debt paid, but not clear if this mobility occurred often, see site. Some, however, were even paid wages and given passage back home at the end of the contract.</li>
</ul>
1882 --CA. Got an assist from the federal government's <i>Chinese Exclusion Acts</i>, see <a href="http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/goldrush.html">http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/goldrush.html </a>Chinese gold-seekers were not necessarily poor, not did they all want to stay. An idea fo rmany was go tet the gold, melt it into a less obvious form, and go home rich. No Chinese immigration for 10 years, and no Chinesse to become citizens (for how long?) See site.<br />
<br />
Korean immigrants still came in, however, see <a href="http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html">http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html </a><br />
<br />
1882 -- MD. Makes wife-beating a crime. See <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">Domestic Violence Timeline</a>. <br />
<br />
1882 -- NC. Wife-beating is not a crime unless unless the battery results in permanent injury, endangers life, or is "malicious beyond all reasonable bounds." See <a href="http://unless the battery is so gr eat as to result in permanent injury, endanger their life or is malici ous beyond all reasonable bounds.">Domestic Violence Timeline.</a><br />
<br />
1883 -- Supreme Court. Requirements for equal accommodations did not apply to private persons or corporations. See<a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/jim-crow/"> http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/jim-crow/ </a><br />
<br />
1886 -- Farm workers. By tis time, 7 out of 8 were Chinese. See <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/ </a><br />
Over time, many blacks who remained were iin debt to the owner.<br />
<br />
1888 -- China. <a href="http://immigrants.harpweek.com/ChineseAmericans/2KeyIssues/ScottAct.htm">Scott Act.</a> A Chinese laborer who leaves the US cannot return. <br />
<br />
1892 --<i> Plessy v. Ferguson.</i> Homer Plessy sat in a whites only train car in New Orleans. Plessy: black under Louisiana law, but only 1/8 black. See <a href="http://images./">images.</a> No apparent blackness, but the law was the law.See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_plessy.html">http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_plessy.html</a>Uproar. Case wended up to Supreme Court where separate but equal was deemed sufficient to meet the equality standards, see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/jim-crow/">http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/jim-crow/ </a><br />
<br />
1895 -- <i>Lern Moon Sing v. US. </i> No review of <a href="http://www.lectlaw.com/def/h001.htm"><i>habeas corpus </i></a>petitions of Chinese, a writ requiring proof for why the person is being detained, for arriving in the US. See <a href="http://decision./">Decision.</a><br />
<br />
Late 1800's -- England: <i>Women's rights. </i> Reforms cited include prohibition against keeping wives locked up, a life-threatening beating can be grounds for divorce, and cannot sell daughters into prostitution. See <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">Domestic Violence Timeline</a>.<br />
<br />
1896 --<i> Jim Crow </i>era. See memorabilia, <a href="http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm/">http://www.ferris.edu/jimcrow/what.htm/</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
1898 -- Hawaii is annexed to the US, becomes a state in 1959. Annexation terminated indentured servitude there. See <a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site18/The%20Decline%20of%20Indentured%20Servitude.htm">Decline of Indentured Servitude </a><br />
Now laborers of Japanese and Chinese descent could get better jobs, when Chinese were excluded, Koreans joined the Japanese. See <a href="http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html">http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html </a><br />
<br />
1898 -- Woman Suffrage. Elizabeth Cady Stanton's <i>The Woman's Bible</i>, published. See full text at <a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/wb/">http://www.sacred-texts.com/wmn/wb/.</a> Vet sacred-texts. See<a href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/about.htm"> http://www.sacred-texts.com/about.htm </a>The
claim of no agenda except religious tolerance is disingenuous. Author
comments as to Elizabeth Cady Stanton are snide (she is "entertaining").
Note the "Paganism" category -- non-theist, or multi-theist would be
more apt, not so rankist as the inferior "pagan". Even the illustrations
are fantasy white lady gorgeous gauzy, the Columbia movie lady.
Alternate texts: <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/9880">Gutenberg</a>. Stanton: a milestone in autonomy. Talk down to her at your peril. Is that so?<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
1900 -- Conflicts in World Wars and Depression: Reformation of servitude required.</div>
<br />
1900-1960's -- Domestic Violence, Women's rights.<br />
Buffalo sets up first family court, attempting to resolve issues through discussion, conciliation, social service intervention<br />
NY transfers domestic violence cases <i>out</i> of criminal court (with assault a criminal matter if against a stranger) to civil court where penalties are never so great (no incarceration); beatings can be grounds for divorce but only if enough of them have happened; <br />
<br />
1905 -- Ku Klux Klan -- symbol of burning cross, invention through novel by Thomas Dixon, Jr, <i>The Clansman. </i>Klan takes on new life.<br />
<br />
1906-07 -- US Attorney General prohibits naturalization of Japanese. President Roosevelt prevents immigration of "Japanese and Koreans through Canada, Mexico, and Hawai'i: US got Japan to agree to limit visas to Japanese and Korean laborers to come to US. See <a href="http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html">http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html.</a> But wives could join husbands, so the race was on for arranged and mail-order marriages. See <a href="http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws">http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws</a> <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
1910-1930 -- Great Migration of blacks from south to north. See <a href="https://priceonomics.com/the-great-migration-the-african-american-exodus/">https://priceonomics.com/the-great-migration-the-african-american-exodus/</a><br />
<br />
By 1910, European foreign-born immigrants comprised 15% of the total population, see <a href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa">http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa</a><br />
<br />
Ongoing segregation : Follow timeline at PBS: See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/segregation.html">http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/segregation.html </a><br />
<br />
1910-1920 -- Ongoing Woman Suffrage activities. Follow timeline at <a href="https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline#">https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline# </a><br />
<br />
1914 -- WWI. In 1917, 18% of the total army was foreign-born. Multilingual issues. See <a href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa">http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa</a><br />
<br />
1915 -- Ku Klux Klan -- see film, <i>Birth of a Nation</i>, buy D. W. Griffith -- national interest now in the Klan, see <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ku-klux-klan-history-721444">https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ku-klux-klan-history-721444 </a>. Accusation and conviction of murder of little Mary Phagan by factory engimneer-superintendant Leo Frank, a Jew, but role of antisemitism seems paramount, see <a href="http://www.famous-trials.com/leo-frank">http://www.famous-trials.com/leo-frank.</a><br />
He was taken from his jail cell and lynched, see <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/leo-frank-lynching-in-georgia-100-years-ago-changed-america-forever-2015-8">http://www.businessinsider.com/leo-frank-lynching-in-georgia-100-years-ago-changed-america-forever-2015-8 </a>, consensus now -- innocent of the crime of killing Mary Phagan. <br />
<br />
1916 -- NY. US Army. Book (here a google book), <i><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Passing_of_the_Great_Race.html?id=AdcKAAAAIAAJ">The Passing of the Great Race</a></i>, author-lawyer <a href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/index/names/124321143">Madison Grant (1865-1937)</a> complained of a“dark Mediterranean subspecies” undermining the “splendid fighting and moral qualities” ofAnglo-Saxon and Nordics “races” that had settled America; and against “the wretched, submerged populations of the Polish Ghettos” who could never become effective soldiers. For the soldiers, however, enlisting was a unifying experience in a new country, see <a href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa">http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa</a><br />
<br />
1917 -- British: Banned transportation of debtors from India, see Gettysburg Edu Decline in Indentured Servitude Indentured servitude outlawed in US, see <a href="http://public.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist106web/site18/The%20Decline%20of%20Indentured%20Servitude.htm">Gettysburg edu, Decline in Indentured Servitude</a><br />
<br />
1917 -- WWI. US Espionage Act: legal to spy on Germans and German-Americans here. Sedition Act of 1918 allowed restriction of liberties. Launched: nationwide surveillance, propaganda, social exclusion See <a href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa">http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa</a>. Is is in WWI that Germans surnamed Limbach changed to Limbaugh, or was it WWII, or the 1930's? See <a href="https://joyofequivocating.blogspot.com/2009/03/ein-feste-burgemeister-sunday-limbaugh.html">https://joyofequivocating.blogspot.com/2009/03/ein-feste-burgemeister-sunday-limbaugh.html</a><br />
<br />
1918 -- President Woodrow Wilson supports Woman Suffrage. Rationale: War measure. See <a href="https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline#">https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline#</a><br />
<br />
Naturalizatopm: Congress fast-tracked citizenship for alien soldiers, and ultimately some 123,000 were so naturalized, see <a href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa">http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa</a><br />
<br />
1920 -- Women's Suffrage. 19th Amendment is made law. See <a href="http://tag.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/suffrage-timeline.pdf">http://tag.rutgers.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/suffrage-timeline.pdf </a><br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVaY8gfL9ybNEAzsh5_0SmYIlskAmMda_88kq1wJQ-litYAVSxoaPZjK-ZaHNLvQUKYztpzWwBP61Wp6e5MRKPth9flJiUO_7VKoMhX8EC9R9CmTGv8OjnNjKsKLznXCqvlOzAeZl7MLwS/s1600/umbrella.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVaY8gfL9ybNEAzsh5_0SmYIlskAmMda_88kq1wJQ-litYAVSxoaPZjK-ZaHNLvQUKYztpzWwBP61Wp6e5MRKPth9flJiUO_7VKoMhX8EC9R9CmTGv8OjnNjKsKLznXCqvlOzAeZl7MLwS/s320/umbrella.jpg" width="262" />Woman Suffrage 1890-1920. Our old print</a><br />
<br />
1921 -- Research view of the day. Start with this work from before the Great Depression, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ts4YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=worker+class+history+of+humiliation&source=bl&ots=7n2yfZuiYz&sig=mfL6INjjgk5EOKk7mh21dLOnbMA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_ue-KkMzTAhVGPCYKHaHPAoUQ6AEIPDAF#v=onepage&q=worker%20class%20history%20of%20humiliation&f=false">The Workers in American History</a> by James Oneal 1921 (herein <i>Workers</i>).<br />
<ul>
<li>This era represents an economic upswing after WWI, renewed optimism.
Its account of how the working class fared so poorly (the role of the
ruling classes in inflicting deprivations, barring rise of lower
classes), is better for understanding the era than mere lists of
statistics, neutral accounts of conditions that those classes endured. </li>
<li>Sources with data are useful, however, such as <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ob-3MQNqIusC&pg=PP7&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false">Colonists in Bondage: White Servitude and Convict Labor in America, 1607-1776</a> by Abbot Emerson Smith, ed. 2009 after earlier editions (scroll to p.3 for background, people sent, and why). See Part II <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HN_qCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA87&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false">Penal Transportation,</a> It lacks empathy, however, and does not hit the gut. </li>
<ul>
<li>Whose ancestor arrived as an indentured servant, slave, and still
got nowhere. Some, of course, thrived and accumulated. Test the theory
overall from the 1920's. Those beaten down enough and long enough may
well not recuperate. Does it hold true. Read again, at page 54 of <i><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ts4YAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=worker+class+history+of+humiliation&source=bl&ots=7n2yfZuiYz&sig=mfL6INjjgk5EOKk7mh21dLOnbMA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_ue-KkMzTAhVGPCYKHaHPAoUQ6AEIPDAF#v=onepage&q=worker%20class%20history%20of%20humiliation&f=false">Workers</a></i>, above.</li>
<li>Dear DAR. How many of your august soldiers in the Revolutionary War
were indentured servants promised their freedom, farm workers, runaways, mixed mixes.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
1911 -- Woman Suffrage. The National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (NAOWS). President: Mrs. Arthur Dodge, see her 1915 <a href="http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F07E3DE153BE233A25754C0A9659C946496D6CF"> Case Against Votes for Women.</a> Members: wealthy, prominent women, 'some' Catholic clergy, 'distillers and brewers', 'urban political
machines', Southern congressmen, and 'corporate capitalists.' See <a href="https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline#">https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/history/woman-suffrage-timeline# </a> See also <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RzdFDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=Bull+Moose+party+supported+women%27s+suffrage&source=bl&ots=0E9_5WB2k0&sig=-5JNEzWvw2SHdvreSyz7Nv6eyJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwialLyN3N_TAhVEJiYKHdu1BYkQ6AEIigEwEg#v=onepage&q=Bull%20Moose%20party%20supported%20women%27s%20suffrage&f=false">Reforming America: A Thematic Encyclopedia and Document Collection of the Progressive Era</a> ed. Jeffrey A. Johnson 2017 at 28.</div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
1912 -- Woman Suffrage. The Bull Moose Party of Theodore Roosevelt supports. See overview at <a href="http://www.woodrowwilson.org/education/for-students/1916-election/the-peoples-experience-women">http://www.woodrowwilson.org/education/for-students/1916-election/the-peoples-experience-women</a><br />
<br />
1913 -- CA. Restricting immigrants. <i>Alien Land Law. </i> No can own. Criticized: see 1947 <a href="http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3652&context=californialawreview">http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3652&context=californialawreview </a><br />
<br />
1916 -- WA. Restricting immigrants. Prohibits Asian immigrants from sale or profit from fish, salmon, other food . See <a href="http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws">http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws</a><br />
<br />
1917 -- Asian and Pacific Islands: <a href="http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/362-asiatic-barred-zone.html">Asiatic Barred Zone</a>. Prohibits immigration. Repealed 1952.<br />
<br />
1921 -- WA.Restricting immigrants. Anyone not eligible for citizenship cannot lease or own land. See <a href="http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws">http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws </a><br />
<br />
1922 -- Rights awarded. Women's rights to own citizenship. <i>The Cable Act</i>. <i> The Married Women's Independent Nationality Act. </i> Earlier, an American woman lost her citizenship if she married an alien, in the interest of marital harmony and the natural order? That is now repealed, see <a href="http://nationalwomansparty.org/the-1922-cable-act-citizenship-and-identity-for-american-women/">http://nationalwomansparty.org/the-1922-cable-act-citizenship-and-identity-for-american-women/;</a><br />
and <a href="http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/397-cable-act-of-1922.html">http://immigrationtounitedstates.org/397-cable-act-of-1922.html </a><br />
<br />
1929 -- Stock market Crash. The <a href="http://thegreatdepressioncauses.com/effects/">Great Depression</a> ensues.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ1aXfy9Xev8w-MdD3Yr2Kt6B8-fQJMSVtzSmfeYDwFUf1LT6jyS1vsPqXB3A1YPYAlJ7lT01-bABi9vrq6yHSJkB2VMxZjBAOrMVE9Rw7bUlfh4FmxIDfAGZrSQ8orKHTIdZg1ShobiSd/s1600/Kramerscoverbothbroka.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ1aXfy9Xev8w-MdD3Yr2Kt6B8-fQJMSVtzSmfeYDwFUf1LT6jyS1vsPqXB3A1YPYAlJ7lT01-bABi9vrq6yHSJkB2VMxZjBAOrMVE9Rw7bUlfh4FmxIDfAGZrSQ8orKHTIdZg1ShobiSd/s320/Kramerscoverbothbroka.jpg" width="201" />Crises of class. Here: The Great Depression. Both broke? One is better positioned to recoup. Privilege perpetuates itself. </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
1914-1918 -- Mexico. Great increase in immigration, because WWI was deflecting immigration from Europe. See<a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/"> http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/</a> Owners got a guest-worker program started, but it only lasted until 1921 -- when the soldiers were back, and the virulenet Spanish <a href="https://virus.stanford.edu/uda/">flu epidemic</a> 1918-1919 was over.<br />
<br />
1923 -- India. <i>US v. Bhagat Singh Thind</i>. The defendant argued that he was Indian and that is Caucasian. Not so, said the Court. Indians are non-white Asians, thus subject to the anti-Asian laws. <br />
See<a href="http://www.bhagatsinghthind.com/court.php"> http://www.bhagatsinghthind.com/court.php</a><br />
<br />
1924 -- Children's rights. <i>League of Nations treaty</i>, Geneva Declaration of the <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/geneva-declaration/">Rights of the Child,</a> see <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/">http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/ </a><br />
<br />
Grounding: see <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/">http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/ </a><br />
<br />
1925 -- Japan. Hidemitsu Toyota v. US. Naturalization route to citizenship issue. The Supreme Court of the US cancelled his earlier naturalizatioin because of reinterpretation of immigration law by which Japanese were excluded, see decision at <a href="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/268/402.html">http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/268/402.html </a>Is this the Toyota of <i>Toyota</i>?? If so, look what we lost.<br />
<br />
1930's -- Phillipines. Many farm workers here, but they began to to organize, says this site, and so the owners took in more and more Medicanfarm workers. See <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/</a><br />
<br />
1930's -- Great Depression. White farmers had to sell off their farms and become migrant workers. Deportation: of some 500,000 Mexicans, see <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/</a><br />
<br />
1933 -- Philippines. Filipinos barred from immigrating and deemed ineligible to be citizens. See <a href="http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws">http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws.</a><br />
In 1934, however, legislation passed making the Philippines a Commonwealth, and Filipinos (50 persons a year) could immigrate. See site. <br />
<br />
1935-1967 -- MD. Maryland expands law against marriages of blacks and whites, in effect since 1600's, now to include Malaysians. See <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2031743/pdf/pubhealthreporig01056-0085.pdf">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2031743/pdf/pubhealthreporig01056-0085.pdf</a><br />
<br />
1938 -- <i>Child labor.</i> <i>Fair Labor Standards Act</i>, see https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/employment-law/pages/fairlaborstandardsactof1938.aspx here as revised 2011: see <a href="https://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/statutes/FairLaborStandAct.pdf">https://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/statutes/FairLaborStandAct.pdf </a>. Defines 'oppressive child labor' site p.8, s.203(l)<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1yHtfcrFOtGEqxoVWM0jtxg0iS9J8coTclOezamAxVEWWKjZ9OJWKAUo2AEa95t6WlF-nSzvnkGvGSvXWs22iVxmow8PMHw2Fc18_cUapTn_wdBHmFCxmjXo6PotND7ssEDPk75qte2iF/s1600/102_5349.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1yHtfcrFOtGEqxoVWM0jtxg0iS9J8coTclOezamAxVEWWKjZ9OJWKAUo2AEa95t6WlF-nSzvnkGvGSvXWs22iVxmow8PMHw2Fc18_cUapTn_wdBHmFCxmjXo6PotND7ssEDPk75qte2iF/s320/102_5349.JPG" width="240" />Child labor, Chemiakin sculpture grouping, Moscow. See the little hand prints.</a></div>
<br />
Labor laws: excluded farm workers and domestics at first; included in revisions 2011. See <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/</a></div>
<br />
1939 -- WWII in Europe. <br />
<br />
US enters World War II later, in 1941 after Pearl Harbor. Naturalization is expedited for aliens serving in the armed forces, a precedent set in WWI. See<a href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa"> http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa</a><br />
<br />
1942 -- Japanese internment camps by executive order. Persons of Japanese ancestry are removed from coastal areas and put into camps. See "relocation" <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=euphemism">euphemism</a> at <a href="https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/japanese-relocation">https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/japanese-relocation </a>Upheld, <a href="http://landmarkcases.org/en/landmark/cases/korematsu_v_united_states">Korematsu v. US</a>.<br />
<br />
1942-1964 -- Mexico-US. <i>Bracero</i> program -- Need for Mexican workers on farms, railroads. Program regulated wages, food, housing but had negligible enforcement, see 1964. 1943 -- temporary visas for workers from the Caribbean. See <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/</a><br />
<br />
1945 -- Immigration by marriage. <i>War Brides Act</i>. Allowed numbers outside the usual quota system. See <a href="http://immigrationtous.net/312-war-brides-act-act-of-december-28-1945-1945.html">http://immigrationtous.net/312-war-brides-act-act-of-december-28-1945-1945.html</a><br />
Act was amended several times to include more nationalities, fiancees, and so on, see site. Resulted in huge immigration bubble.Also addressed in time marriage fraud issues, and<a href="http://immigrationtous.net/237-picture-brides-mail-order-brides.html"> mail order brides</a> (see the separate measures re this over time, see site)<br />
<br />
1946 -- Luce-Cellar Act. Let in 100 from India, and 100 Filipinos. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/a_lucecellar.html">http://www.pbs.org/rootsinthesand/a_lucecellar.html</a>, touted as "opening" the way. <br />
<br />
1948 -- CA. Overturns its law forbidding interracial marriage, see<a href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mar14.htm"> http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mar14.htm</a><br />
<br />
1948 -- Human rights. <i>United Nations Declaration of Human Rights</i>, recognizing motherhood and children as entitled to special care and assistance, see <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/">http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/</a> See text and commentary at <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/convention/text/">http://www.humanium.org/en/convention/text/</a> See 1966. <br />
<br />
1950-1958 -- Korean Conflict. Naturalization was expedited for aliens serving in the armed forces, a precedent set in WWI and continued in WWII. See <a href="http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa">http://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/ethnic_minorities_at_war_usa/</a> Koreans get refugee status and could immigrate, see <a href="http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html">http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html</a><br />
<br />
1951 -- FL. Who kills NAACP director, Harry Tyson Moore, and his wife. Firebomb the house. See <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/the-ku-klux-klan-history-721444">https://www.thoughtco.com/the-</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">ku-klux-klan-history-721444. </a>See no final attribution at <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null"></a><a href="http://www.pbs.org/harrymoore/harry/mbio.html">http://www.pbs.org/harrymoore/harry/mbio.html</a> <br />
<br />
1952 -- Repeal of Naturalization Act 1795 that limited citizenship to free whites. Truman. Enter the new <i>Immigration and Nationality Act,</i> the <i>McCarran-Walter Act</i>, that included a guest worker program see <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/</a>; and was also designed to prevent the spread of communism here and keep out diseases etc. Deny enemies from WWII (Japan) and keep friends (China). National security and national interests. Truman hesitated, but signed. See<a href="http://library.uwb.edu/Static/USimmigration/1952_immigration_and_nationality_act.html"> http://library.uwb.edu/Static/USimmigration/1952_immigration_and_nationality_act.html.</a><br />
<br />
1954 -- Mexico. <i>Operation Wetback</i>, President Eisenhower (and others), to deport undocumented workers, see <a href="http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/11/455613993/it-came-up-in-the-debate-here-are-3-things-to-know-about-operation-wetback">http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/11/11/455613993/it-came-up-in-the-debate-here-are-3-things-to-know-about-operation-wetback.</a> This was not conflicting with the temporary worker program, Bracero, 1942-64, see <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/ </a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Wetback program was disputed, and abusive, see<i> npr site</i> above. FactCheck: Hoover, Eisenhower and Truman programs only lasted a few months, see http://www.factcheck.org/2010/07/hoover-truman-ike-mass-deporters/</li>
</ul>
1960's -- Korea. Increase in Korean immigration, see <a href="http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html">http://immigrationtous.net/176-korean-immigration.html</a><br />
<br />
1952 -- CA. Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta join in the organization of <i>Filipino</i> farm workers, see <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/</a><br />
This became the <i>National Farm Workers Association,</i> that became the <i>United Farm Workers</i>.<br />
<br />
1962 -- <i>Immigration and Nationality Act</i>, McCarran-Walter Act, codified and reorganized laws on immigration into 50 titles, see <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/laws/immigration-and-nationality-act">https://www.uscis.gov/laws/immigration-and-nationality-act. </a><br />
For example, it allows admission to the US of temporary non-immigrant workers (called H-2A workers) for agricultural work, or services temporary or seasona. See section 218, says <a href="https://www.dol.gov/whd/ag/ag_h-2a.htm">https://www.dol.gov/whd/ag/ag_h-2a.htm</a><br />
authorizes the lawful admission into the United States of temporary, nonimmigrant workers (H-2A workers) to perform agricultural labor or services of a temporary or seasonal nature. <br />
<br />
1963 -- AL. Who kills 4 girls in firebombing of 16th St. Baptist Church, Birmingham. See <a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-obama-national-monuments-20170112-story.html">http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-obama-national-monuments-20170112-story.html. </a> Will the monument be Trumped? <br />
<br />
1964 -- <i>Civil Rights Act</i> - no discrimination, age, sex, national origin, color, religion. See <a href="https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/legal.html">https://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~arihuang/academic/abg/slavery/legal.html</a><br />
<br />
1960's -- ME. A shelter is set up for domestic abuse cases. See <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">Domestic Abuse Timeline</a>. <br />
<br />
MS -- Civil Rights. Who killed civil rights activists<i> James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner.</i> See <a href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/slain-civil-rights-workers-found">http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/slain-civil-rights-workers-found</a><br />
<br />
Fast forward through many slaps on wrists to 2005 -- <i>Edgar Ray Killen </i>sentenced to 60 years jail. See <a href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/slain-civil-rights-workers-found">http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/slain-civil-rights-workers-found</a><br />
1965 -- Voting Rights Act<br />
<br />
1964 -- Farm workers. End of <i>Bracero Act</i>, lack of ability to enforce regulations of farm worker living conditions. <i>Tithe to owners?</i> Workers were also to get back the 10% of their wages retained as incentive to stay, when they prepared to go back to Mexico. Still waiting. See <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/ </a><br />
<br />
1965 -- Immigration. Repeal of national origin quotas, see <a href="http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-laws">http://angryapihistory.tumblr.com/post/50016448077/anti-immigrant-anti-asian-law.</a> <i>Immigration and Nationality Act</i>, the <i><a href="http://cis.org/Hart-Celler-Immigration-Act-1965">Hart-Celler Act</a>,</i> see <a href="http://cis.org/1965ImmigrationAct-MassImmigration">http://cis.org/1965ImmigrationAct-MassImmigration</a><br />
<br />
1967 -- Supreme Court, case of <i>Loving v. Virginia</i>. Legalization of marriage between black and white. Mildred Jeter, black; and Richard Loving, white. Text of opinion: <a href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/loving.html">http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/loving.html</a> See history of <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=miscegenation">miscegenation</a> laws, 'mixing' of 'kinds', with timeline, and chart, at <a href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mar14.htm">http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mar14.htm.</a><br />
<br />
1960's-1970's -- <i>Women's Libertarian Movement</i> frames domestic violence, even in the privacy of a marital home, is a political matter. See <i>Three Women who Inspired the Modern Libertarian Movement</i> at <a href="https://fee.org/articles/3-women-who-inspired-the-modern-libertarian-movement/">https://fee.org/articles/3-women-who-inspired-the-modern-libertarian-movement.</a> Principals: See full biographies at site -- 1. Rose Wilder Lane (mother was Laura Ingalls, of Laura Ingalls Wilder, of the <i>Little House </i>book series); 2. Isabel Paterson (attacks on collectivism, lauding markets, individualism), and 3. Ayn Rand (individualism and capitalism). What they miss is the need for balance: sustenance at the low economic levels, so individuals can indeed focus on being all that they can be as a capitalist, in competition, or whatever else they seek. Liberty, justice and sustenance for all. Is that so?<br />
<br />
1966 -- Human Rights. United Nations expands on Declaration of Human Rights, with two declarations: Later enforced in 1976<br />
<br />
1) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), see <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/1966-international-covenant/civil-political-rights">http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/1966-international-covenant/civil-political-rights</a>/ See <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/1966-international-covenant/">summary</a> Concepts sound highly aspirational; is that why the 10-year delay in enforcement, it took that long for agreement?. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>State to abstain from intervening in any human's liberty, specifically citizenship and protecting physical integrity (is sexual exploitation not ok now?)</li>
<li>Reconition of individual liberty: freedoms, speech, thought, from torture and slavery, right to vote, etc. </li>
</ul>
2) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), see <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/1966-international-covenant/social-cultural-rights/">http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/1966-international-covenant/social-cultural-rights/.</a> See <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/1966-international-covenant/social-cultural-rights/">summary</a> <span id="goog_1693676018"></span> Again highly aspirational, but concepts include: <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>State to guarantee an adequate standard of
living to every individual, and promote ongoing improvement of living conditions; </li>
<li>Recognition of rights to health, education, work and social security (not the code of any state, apparently, but the concept) etc. </li>
</ul>
1970's -- Blacks, Latin Americans. Many had moved to industrial jobs, Latin Americans filled the field jobs, but up to 75% estimated to be undocumented, see <a href="http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/">http://nfwm.org/education-center/farm-worker-issues/timeline-of-agricultural-labor/ </a><br />
<br />
1970's -- Women's rights. See <i>Timeline</i> for this decade at <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">Domestic Violence Timeline.</a><br />
Too much to incorporate here.<br />
<br />
1975 - <a href="http://www.biography.com/people/pete-seeger-9542618">Pete Seeger</a>, philosopher and singer, writes book, <a href="http://www.peta.org/about-peta/learn-about-peta/ingrid-newkirk/animal-liberation/"><i>Animal Liberation</i></a>; see <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/historical-timeline-of-animal-rights-movement-127594"><i>Animal Rights Timeline</i></a>, this one last updated 2014. See also <a href="http://www.lancerlibrary.org/uploads/8/7/7/0/8770112/animal_rights_timeline_abc-clio.pdf">http://www.lancerlibrary.org/uploads/8/7/7/0/8770112/animal_rights_timeline_abc-clio.pdf</a><br />
<br />
1976 -- Human Rights. UN continues to expand and now enforce human rights convenants, see <a href="http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/1966-international-covenant/">http://www.humanium.org/en/childrens-rights-history/references-on-child-rights/1966-international-covenant/</a> (scroll down) <br />
<br />
1980's -- Women's Rights. See<i> Timeline </i>for this decade, <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">Domestic Violence Timeline</a><br />
<br />
1983 -- October 2. <a href="http://www.farmusa.org/">Farm Animal Reform Movement</a>, World Farm Animals Day launched. See <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/historical-timeline-of-animal-rights-movement-127594">Animal Rights Timeline. </a>Acceleration of compassion for abuse, whether animal or human. <br />
<br />
1989 -- Avon Products stops cosmetics testing on animals. See <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/historical-timeline-of-animal-rights-movement-127594">Animal Rights Timeline.</a> Activities to pressure Procter and Gamble to do the same. Results? See 2017.<br />
<br />
1990's -- Women's Rights. See Timeline for this decade, <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">Domestic Violence Timeline </a><br />
<br />
1991 -- Animal Rights. Live animals in car crash testing: 19,000 killed, last decade. See <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/28/us/19000-animals-killed-in-automotive-crash-tests.html">http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/28/us/19000-animals-killed-in-automotive-crash-tests.html.</a><br />
Much PR trouble on that. List: Dogs, rabbits, pigs, ferrets, rats and mice. Does size matter?<br />
<br />
1993 -- Animal Rights. Car crash testing. General Motors stops using animals. See Animal<br />
<br />
1996 -- CA. Children's rights. Battering parent can be removed from the home, visitation curtailed, see <a href="http://www.pacwrc.pitt.edu/Curriculum/310DomesticViolenceIssuesAnIntroductionforChildWelfareProfessionals/Handouts/HO3DomesticViolenceTimeline.pdf">Domestic Violence Timeline</a>. See <a href="ftp://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/95-96/bill/asm/ab_2601-2650/ab_2647_cfa_960823_152744_sen_floor.html">proceedings, text</a>.<br />
<br />
1997 -- Animal Rights -- Theories, rationales, see <a href="https://www.animallaw.info/article/animal-rights-theory-and-utilitarianism-relative-normative-guidance">https://www.animallaw.info/article/animal-rights-theory-and-utilitarianism-relative-normative-guidance</a>See also <i>Animals and Ethics, International Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i>, <a href="http://www.iep.utm.edu/anim-eth/">http://www.iep.utm.edu/anim-eth/</a><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
2000 -- Mixed bag of reform, rejection, rebellion, retro-thinking. What next?</div>
<br />
2000 -- Alabama -- Last state to legalize marriage between black and white, see <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Alabama_Interracial_Marriage,_Amendment_2_(2000)">https://ballotpedia.org/Alabama_Interracial_Marriage,_Amendment_2_(2000)</a><br />
<br />
2001 -- NY. Children's rights. Agency flexibility. Children's Aid Society has moved from early goal of salvaging 'civic potential" of homeless children to the capacity to serve as 1st responder at <a href="http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~adoption/studies/index.html">9/11 World Trade Center</a> Its Orphan Trains continued from 1853-1930, see <a href="http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/about/history">http://www.childrensaidsociety.org/about/history</a><br />
<br />
2003 -- Animal rights gains credible conservative support. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Dominion.html?id=_htG-Pi2GboC">Dominion: The Power of Man, the Suffering of Animals, and the Call to Mercy </a>by Matthew Scully. Read it there as a <i>google book</i>, scroll down to the chapters and click. Review from NYT at <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/27/books/the-most-compassionate-conservative.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/27/books/the-most-compassionate-conservative.html</a><br />
<br />2004 -- MA. Legalizes gay marriage. See <i>Same Sex Marriage Timeline</i>, <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/06/24/same-sex-marriage-timeline/29173703/">https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/06/24/same-sex-marriage-timeline/29173703/</a><br />
<br />
2013 -- Women's rights. Female circumcision, so called, is prohibited by Congress except in cases of medical necessity, and religious belief or custom to play no role in the determination of crime, see. <i>18 US Code s.116 </i>at <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/116">https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/116</a>. see commentaries at <a href="http://www.equalitynow.org/sites/default/files/EN_FAQ_FGM_in_US.pdf">http://www.equalitynow.org/sites/default/files/EN_FAQ_FGM_in_US.pdf</a>; and <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/fgm-rates-have-doubled-us-2004-304773;">http://www.newsweek.com/fgm-rates-have-doubled-us-2004-304773.</a> Political waxing and waning; legislation followed by flawed enforcement. Once gone, gone. For life.<br />
<br />
<br />
2015 -- Alabama -- February -- Same sex marriage goes into effect following January District Court opinion (federal), but State Supreme Court blocks. See <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/06/24/same-sex-marriage-timeline/29173703/">https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/06/24/same-sex-marriage-timeline/29173703/</a> Site says that the State did not appeal from the District Court. What brought it to the State Supreme Court? Chief Justice Moore: directed Probate Courts to disregard lifting of ban, and case dragged on, many petitions filed, resolution -- see <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/alabama-chief-justice-suspended-over-gay-marriage-stance-n657511">http://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/alabama-chief-justice-suspended-over-gay-marriage-stance-n657511 </a><br />
<br />
See listing of legal actions on gay marriage issue at <a href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/supreme-court-appeals-marriage-kentucky-michigan-ohio-tennessee-menu.htm">http://www.religioustolerance.org/supreme-court-appeals-marriage-kentucky-michigan-ohio-tennessee-menu.htm </a><br />
<br />
2015 -- Animal rights. Not yet. Business booms, see<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences"> http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Huntingdon_Life_Sciences.</a> British, but facilities in NJ. Toxicity testing. People are also being used. See <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment/">http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/how-trump-is-changing-science-environment/ </a><br />
<br />
2015 -- June 26. Adult rights. <i>Gay marriage</i>. Supreme Court legalizes gay marriage, case of <i>Obergefell v. Hodges</i>, see text at <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/14-556">https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/14-556.</a> Justice Kennedy wrote the majority opinion, there are four separate dissents (<a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/14-556#writing-14-556_DISSENT_5">Scalia</a> sampling: intimacy and spirituality are not originalist freedoms, among other topics) Roberts, Thomas, Alito) <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Further timeline of same-sex marriage cases -- see also<i> LA Times</i>, with nifty interactive sliding bar map, at <a href="http://graphics.latimes.com/usmap-gay-marriage-chronology/">http://graphics.latimes.com/usmap-gay-marriage-chronology/</a></li>
<ul>
<li>Credits for the map: To Megan Garvey, Molly Hennessy-Fiske, Rong-Gong Lin II, Brady MacDonald, Mark McGonigle, Maloy Moore, Anthony Pesce, Ken Schwencke, James Wagner</li>
<li>This is a graphics site; compare to the extensive narratives that fill in the information, at Ontario's <a href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_mar14.htm">Religious Tolerance</a> site. Who are they? Apparently multi-faith all-inclusive, east-west orientations. See<a href="http://www.religioustolerance.org/statbelief.htm"> http://www.religioustolerance.org/statbelief.htm </a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
2017 -- Alabama -- Integration/segregation. Gardendale, a white town, so far can secede from the larger school district. See <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/judge-lets-white-alabama-town-secede-school-district-despite-race-n752581">http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/judge-lets-white-alabama-town-secede-school-district-despite-race-n752581 </a><br />
<br />
2017 -- Immigration. Trump at the helm. Storm coming. Retro-immigration policy. Reinstatement of old fugitive slave laws, no sanctuary, round-ups, deportations from the 1800's. See Trump timeline of failed attempts, at <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/10/us/trump-travel-ban-timeline/"> http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/10/us/trump-travel-ban-timeline/</a><br />
Reinstatement of old Pig Laws, with drastic consequences imposed on small offenses for the purposes of population control, see above. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/black-codes/">Black Codes and Pig Laws.</a> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKpMR1EledgcuHdC1aSdskEtWEaM0Tsl4Psxknthyphenhyphen6onqKHw1YHwXrVOlqb3Ceee1zkMfqABNm9cDN_vqOr3YLpKsn7aKBmo4EYIJxTvna6JAj0bkqmB0SJi-laWBUBrGwkIMywIOr4dI4/s1600/clipperruin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKpMR1EledgcuHdC1aSdskEtWEaM0Tsl4Psxknthyphenhyphen6onqKHw1YHwXrVOlqb3Ceee1zkMfqABNm9cDN_vqOr3YLpKsn7aKBmo4EYIJxTvna6JAj0bkqmB0SJi-laWBUBrGwkIMywIOr4dI4/s320/clipperruin.jpg" width="320" />Trump immigration policy, so far 2017. From The Ladies Amusement.* </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
*<i> The Ladies Amusement</i>, 1700's art of japanning. Scan from our newer copy. <br />
<br />
2017 -- March. Working caste. Middle class, research shows "<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/new-research-identifies-a-sea-of-despair-among-white-working-class-americans/2017/03/22/c777ab6e-0da6-11e7-9b0d-d27c98455440_story.html?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.c738bc715822">a sea of despair among white working class americans</a>" Washington Post.<br />
<br />
2017 -- Animal rights. Complex issue, given the reliance on and billion-dollar market demands for ever-changing beauty and cleansing products by the culture. Revlon stopped animal testing 1990 (check on status), says <a href="https://www.thoughtco.com/historical-timeline-of-animal-rights-movement-127594">Animal Rights Timeline</a>. Companies still doing animal testing or not.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Issue: Products or ingredients tested in China or other place where animal testing is fine, see L'Oreal <a href="https://www.elcompanies.com/our-commitments/viewpoints/animal-testing">criticism</a>. Does that also apply to these other places who claim no animal testing? Search for animal testing 2017: <a href="https://www.elcompanies.com/our-commitments/viewpoints/animal-testing">Estee Lauder</a>; Procter & Gamble (animal testing if <a href="http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/companystories.aspx?CompanyId=19291&CategoryId=207">required by law</a>, Clorox, Johnson & Johnson, S.C. Johnson, Colgate-Palmolive (working to<a href="http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/companystories.aspx?CompanyId=19291&CategoryId=207"> reduce the practice</a>, Reckitt Benckiser, Church & Dwight, Unilever (may do <a href="http://ethicalelephant.com/list-unilever-brands-may-test-animals/">as to ingredients</a>?), and Dial/Henkel (avoid but do if <a href="http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/companystories.aspx?CompanyId=18721&CategoryId=207">regulations require</a>). <span></span>See <a href="http://www.peta.org/living/beauty/companies-test-on-animals/">http://www.peta.org/living/beauty/companies-test-on-animals/</a>. Testing leaves open for some people whether that is ok since we are human and they are not heh-heh. Religious persons may point to the religious (for some) rights of "dominion" -- false. See <a href="https://martinlutherstove.blogspot.com/search/label/dominion">Vetting Roots.</a> </li>
</ul>
<br />
2017 -- April -- Farm workers. Still need basic rights, is that so, including the right to change jobs. Even for H-2A workers, <a href="https://www.dol.gov/whd/ag/ag_h-2a.htm">https://www.dol.gov/whd/ag/ag_h-2a.htm</a>, an employer brings them here, then they are tied to him, abuse or injustice or not, something between peonage and indenture, see vocabulary at outset here. They have to pay hiring agencies at home (no regulation) and arrive in debt already, and get underpaid all too often without recourse. What protections may or should evolve, despite owner opposition, see <a href="http://nfwm.org/category/legislation/">http://nfwm.org/category/legislation/</a><br />
<br />
Old attempts at slipping discrimination into a national security argument continues. <br />
<a href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/10/us/trump-travel-ban-timeline/">http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/10/us/trump-travel-ban-timeline/</a><br />
<br />
<br />
..............................................................................<br />
Conclusion so far:<br />
<br />
Do not let it be. Self-educate. Servitude, deprivation of autonomy white forms and black. Gender, workers, genders, animals -- yes, them, too.<br />
<br />
It is harder
for blacks to pass, if they want to; but both began as indentured
servants. Slavery evolved as the profitability of it exceeded that of
the indentured servant who had a contract, after all, and ultimately
could go free With, perhaps, a stipend. See<a href="http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/"> http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/indentured-servants-in-the-us/</a> Black servitude; find multiple timelines. See <a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/timeline/1619.html">http://www.pbs.org/wnet/slavery/timeline/1619.htm.</a><br />
<br />
For
blacks and whites, however, who could not rise out of poverty, and
remain in the exploited class, the effects of long-term servitude
without reward for achievement are deeply found in behaviors, attitudes,
anger, and determination to stay above the group next below. Rank
counts, at all ranks, for so many. <br />
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-22854190248084834262017-03-28T11:21:00.000-04:002017-03-28T11:25:11.504-04:00Crimea and Transitional Justice. Requires cap on victors' booty and losers' loss. Apply sanctions.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=agonist">Agonists</a> or Negotiators.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Strife or Persuasion.<br />
What does synthesis look like:<br />
Explore Transitional Justice. Not perfect, but better.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
I. Crimea. Resources for history, context.<br />
II. Transitional Justice. Concept and Resources -- capping both victory and loss, not new.<br />
III. Impact on the cast: Agonists, deliberators-negotiators, disempowered people. A leveler.<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
IV. Transitional Justice, Crimea. Can a large-scale abuse remedy apply to violence by border-creep as well as infiltration; can a fait accompli be rectified, reparations applied, restorations of this or that; how to enforce? Sanctions. Onerous, Very onerous.</div>
..........................................................................................<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
I. Crimea. Resources for history, context.</div>
<br />
Recommend:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140305-maps-crimea-history-russia-ukraine/">Maps, National Geographic</a>. 1478 -- vassal of the Ottoman Empire; 1774-1783 -- the Crimean Khanate; then more changes of name and governance with Russia-Turkey treaties; 1783 -- Catherine the Great annexed the Crimean Khanate; 1802-1917- the Taurida Governate; 1917 Revolution-WWII -- much changing of hands, names. </li>
<ul>
<li>Note that from 1945-1991, mainland Ukraine was the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; and Crimea was separate, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Two entities. </li>
<li>Crimea was transferred to Ukraine during that period, and its administrative status upgraded before the fall of the USSR. </li>
<li>From 1991 forward, Crimea was the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, part of Ukraine. Constitution for Crimea's autonomous status and authority in Ukraine: ratified in 1998. Russia leased the port of Sebastopol at Crimea. </li>
</ul>
<li>Timelines.</li>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26248275">BBC Ukraine Crisis Timeline</a> 1991-2014, chronology of turbulence, </li>
<li><a href="http://unpo.org/article/17122">Timeline of Escalation of the Crisis in Crimea</a>. <i>Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization </i>2/21/2016, UNPO: see <a href="http://unpo.org/section/2">http://unpo.org/section/2</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.crimeahistory.org/timeline-of-the-history-of-crimea/">Timeline of the History of Crimea</a> (to 2014)/ Vet this one. Too blase and Russia-persuasion-oriented for modern events (is that so?), but good for <i>ancient</i> to<i> early</i> modern history,</li>
<li><a href="http://ukraine.csis.org/crimea.htm">The Ukraine Crisis Timeline</a>, CSIS (<a href="https://www.csis.org/about-us">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a>, Washington DC). </li>
</ul>
</ul>
Commentary, narratives.<br />
<br />
1. <a href="http://www.sras.org/crimea">Crimea: Prosperity in Unity or Separatism</a>, <i>School of Russian and Asian Studies</i> (SRAS) at the University of Indiana, Bloomington 1/2/2015 (does not address the 2014 annexation; hard to keep amending for fast-moving events while in the publishing world?)<br />
2. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/20/opinion/russia-is-trying-to-wipe-out-crimeas-tatars.html,">Russia is trying to wipe out Crimea's Tatars</a>, opinion NYT 5/20/2016;<br />
3. <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/ukraine/2016-04-18/why-putin-took-crimea.">Why Putin Took Crimea</a>, Foreign Affairs 4/16/2016; <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
II. Transitional Justice: Concept and resources </div>
<br />
A. Overviews: Resources<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, <i>Transitional Justice: at </i> <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-transitional/">https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-transitional/</a>. Contradictions, and issues of peace v. justice. Addresses also war crimes tribunals, truth commissions (focus on morality, and on victims, see site); and "lustration" -- removal of tainted officials, generally, from old Roman practice. An administrative justice idea.</li>
<ul>
<li> See also topic <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/justice-global/">Global Justice</a> -- subject matter, cross border issues, much detail.</li>
<li> See also topic <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-ethics/">Plato's Ethics</a> and goal of human well-being and excellence, with an overlay of unity and austerity, also at <a href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-ethics/#toc">https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-ethics/#toc</a>; and see Aristotle, see happiness -- too much for her</li>
</ul>
<li>United Nations -- 2010. It got stuck in language. See (the TJ in the URL stands for Transitional Justice) at <a href="https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/TJ_Guidance_Note_March_2010FINAL.pdf" style="text-align: left;">https://www.un.org/ruleoflaw/files/TJ_Guidance_Note_March_2010FINAL.pdf</a><span style="text-align: left;">. </span></li>
</ul>
B. Traditional application, large-scale abuses:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Re-disposition of booty, see <a href="http://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/evnts/media//85-Reparations,_Restitution,_and_Transitional_Justice.pdf">http://cddrl.fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/evnts/media//85-Reparations,_Restitution,_and_Transitional_Justice.pdf</a>; as to </li>
<li>Human rights abuses, see <a href="https://www.ictj.org/publication/restitution-juncture-humanitarian-response-displacement-and-transitional-justice">https://www.ictj.org/publication/restitution-juncture-humanitarian-response-displacement-and-transitional-justice</a>; and as to</li>
<li>Other property rights, see <a href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/urban-studies-and-planning/11-467j-property-rights-in-transition-spring-2005/projects/jtuckermohlfinal.pdf">https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/urban-studies-and-planning/11-467j-property-rights-in-transition-spring-2005/projects/jtuckermohlfinal.pdf</a></li>
<ul>
<li>Will there come a time where tourists can boycott parts of the Hermitage because the provenance of so much lies in theft from French, other nations, and other collections WWII, confiscations, etc. </li>
<ul>
<li>See Russia Unveils <a href="https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&rlz=1C1CHMO_enUS582US633&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=Hermitage+booty+from+France+WWII&*">Russia Unveils Exhibit of World War II Cache, </a> not to be retroactively legislated as lawful. Crime against culture. Adjudication or jump start the transitional justice program?</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
C. Theories in support. Violence can and should be <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=temper">tempered</a>, for strength, for broader application.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Think<span style="text-align: left;"> </span><a href="http://www.e-ir.info/2012/09/18/agonism-in-international-relations/" style="text-align: left;">Agonism in International Relations</a><span style="text-align: left;">, Tambaki 2012. Strife as necessary; to burn off dross in institutions bureaucracies growing, strife defined variously, but still no place for overkill, which is counter-productive. In theory.</span></li>
<ul>
<li>Hyperagonism. Some say overkill does win, and big. Does it? Wipe out the opposition, engage in the genocide, and don't you win? Stalin might have thought so. His idea, as some attribute -- Death solves all problems. No man, no problem. See NYT review of a warts-and-all biography, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/10/books/death-solves-all-problems-he-said.html">http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/10/books/death-solves-all-problems-he-said.html</a>. An supreme violent agonist. His heritage passed on well; and is now on the rise again, see <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/stalin-rises-again-over-putins-russia-six-decades-after-his-death-a6893826.html.">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/stalin-rises-again-over-putins-russia-six-decades-after-his-death-a6893826.html.</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Agonists in Democracy. <a href="http://pavilionmagazine.org/chantal-mouffe-agonistic-democracy-and-radical-politics/">Agonistic Democracy and Radical Politics</a>, Mouffe 2005 (year?). The Agonistic Democracy builds in strife, and must do so, goes the theory. There will never be permanent resolution, and should not be. Strife energizes, burns off the excess dead in the swamp. Granted..</li>
<ul>
<li>The overkill issue. For an agonist to set out to drain an entire swamp is self-defeating, however. Swamps foster positive life forms, are survivors, gradually turn the dead into fertility again, protect against sturm und drang, offer examples of deep root systems, accommodations in life forms, have many productive uses, and support TV shows. Swamps also offer refuge. As a concept, a good thing. Needed throughout ages.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
D. Against. Pie in sky. Powers with enough power will not bend to sanctions. Period. Only by seeing their own self interest in stability might they temper their victories; and then perhaps not for long. Wait and start in again. [Is that where ongoing education of people comes in: to be able to defend against power persuasion, develop autonomy and vet, and make protected enforceable choices really in their interest, and so on]</div>
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III. Impact on the Cast: A Leveler on many levels</div>
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<br /></div>
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A. The cast: Agonists, Partisans, Negotiators-Deliberators, the People</div>
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<br /></div>
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1. Agonists -- Those fighting to win, or managing or profiting from the conflict. Agonism creates <i>antagonism</i>. Think Milton's <a href="http://www.shmoop.com/samson-agonistes/summary.html">Samson <i>Agonistes</i></a> (<a href="http://www.shmoop.com/samson-agonistes/summary.html">summary</a>) 1671; and its roots in <a href="https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Samson/">Biblical</a> <a href="https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/Samson.php4">Samson</a>. Broad context of strife, endless and rising vengeance and violence repeating, ultimately fail. Extreme agonism. Add Partisans -- work to include and exclude facts and information in order to win, whether through strife or words. Degrees of partisanship, agonism, negotiating and deliberation seep into the others.</div>
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Their reward for victory would be reduced by economic and other sanctions.</div>
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Economic agonists: The profiteers, Corporate exploiters. If people indeed are fostered in education and autonomy, and can vet, and spot propaganda, and neuro ads, and neuromarketing, and defend, the weapons of economic agonists will also level down. How much? Depends on how much the people will stay suppressed. TBD..</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
2-3. Negotiators. Deliberators. Old distinctions. Negotiators have clout, backing, backups (force is always the alternative). Work with chosen facts to obtain favorable agreement, for their side Deliberators -- Have no clout. Work to gather all the facts, information, angles, knowns, unknowns, in order to craft a reasoned statement that can lead to agreement or reasoned position. <span style="text-align: center;">A deliberator is not a representative, except (how to tell) when representing and selling a viewpoint. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="text-align: left;">a. Three functions -- communicative, discursive, reflective. Add to understandings. See </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGxpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=the+role+of+deliberator&source=bl&ots=7mXd6fZyP3&sig=mvGTNZQMDeVp7oMSe56smgbONvk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiiw6_Mw_fSAhVO3mMKHUKeDA0Q6AEIHzAB#v=onepage&q=the%20role%20of%20deliberator&f=false">Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality</a> by Nicholas Southwood 2013 at p.93. Add <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3542483?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">Citizen Deliberators</a>. </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">Representative deliberators. The partisan factor. </span></li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;">The narrative will, or should show, whether argument.or deliberation is the end goal. See the </span>State Department in negotiation, delbierating and representing but the end result is not necessarily foreordained. Or Fox. The end result is foreordained. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CdpnbgSMo-QC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=the+role+of+deliberator&source=bl&ots=3rqEaRQkP5&sig=SnUC26USjKu_d7Z-zQ2YUOsFpTM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiiw6_Mw_fSAhVO3mMKHUKeDA0Q6AEIMzAG#v=onepage&q=the%20role%20of%20deliberator&f=false" style="text-align: center;">The Art of Deliberating: Democracy, Deliberation and the Life Sciences Between History and Theory</a><span style="text-align: center;"> by Giovanni Boniolo 2012 at p.18. </span> </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
b. Elevation to a profession. The field has grown beyond distinctions based on clout. The field overall has become an academic field, an expertise, see <a href="http://www.bakercommunications.com/archive/apr13/negotiation040113.html?campId=70140000000flkz">8 Manipulative Negotiation Tactics and How to Handle Them</a>, by James A. Baker. Skills are to be learned.</div>
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: left;">How to counter the other side's tactics. Games.</li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;">Pressure? (test it), competition alleged? (are the products really the same?), </li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Delay going on? (ask to see the supervisor, not continue with the one you're with). Is a decider missing? (then go get him/her), </li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Moral appeal claimed? (see that both sides get much of what they want). Good guy, bad guy tradoffs chipping at agreements? (vet the terms against your own interests, not the individual other plans on the table), </li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Blanketing? (everybody's doing it and loving it) -- Test with your own objective criteria, merit by association (check the details of the other deal made). </li>
</ul>
</ul>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
c. Overall, words are indeed weapons. Verbal agonists!</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A good deliberator can be a master of verbal strife, blurring the boundaries of what is strife, and persuasion becomes an art form when it comes to The People, whoever they are. It can get results without violencce, but l<span style="text-align: center;">anguage is less satisfying to those seeking immediate comeuppance and before dinner. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Deliberation's shortfall. The end run. The nemesis of even productive discussion is the ease of a turnabout to violence. Build in that knowledge to the discussion itself. Articulate, anticipate.</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
Impact: Increasing professionalization, global consciousness of similar issues elsewhere, mutuality may even develop, dissemination of knowledge and experience as to tactics, countertactics, all to defer or even marginalize need for war. Chess at the table.</div>
</div>
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</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
4. The People -- Impact. If they can survive the conflict's trauma, will a successful enforcement and education context lessen ongoing fear of annihilation, enabling greater productivity. dilution by population influxes and mass deportation, violence aimed at subsets seen as illegitimate by the Power du jour. A strengthened multipolarity, but that, of course, will come with a fight, but nothing happens overnight. At least after the fight, there will be a floor to the suffering. That is the idea, pie in the sky or not. All hope is the pie. Reality and economic consequence against an overreaching victor may temper the problem, or not.</div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Who ever speaks for The People, other than as a self-serving abstraction referring to a self-serving subset. The People is always a composite, a non-unit. Dissent: sabotage; will come from those who know they are excluded from desired benefits, autonomy in some aspect of life, even where punishments for opposition are extreme, see <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/corruption-protests-held-across-russia-arrests-reported/2017/03/26/f46821a2-1207-11e7-bb16-269934184168_story.html">Corruption Protests Held Across Russia </a> </li>
<li>At some point, any society seeking a durable equilibrium will have to explore other than extremes of violence to suppress the people or pacifism that allows for lack of preparation and enforcement, a run-over.</li>
</ul>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHFwrafZc0byi2Mzl1YzKgoDdWdp4VeVFaTT8yfACbgEmCD6z0MmutgBQzlk2CBoXnogRxSV8DBnyEXy8HVHbgCbBvA_7nRumyT7aNZX_rDcE1Qp6fXbORHGpGmAaoWT-_aKuBTws3RbFg/s1600/DSCN1329.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHFwrafZc0byi2Mzl1YzKgoDdWdp4VeVFaTT8yfACbgEmCD6z0MmutgBQzlk2CBoXnogRxSV8DBnyEXy8HVHbgCbBvA_7nRumyT7aNZX_rDcE1Qp6fXbORHGpGmAaoWT-_aKuBTws3RbFg/s320/DSCN1329.JPG" width="240" />Pushkin statue, Puskin Square, Moscow, Russia; site of massive demonstrations up and down Tverskaya, against governmental orruption ,March 2017</a></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
A history not pretty. But humans know fairness at an early age, see <i>Young Children's Development of Fairness Preferenc</i>e, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5004411/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5004411/</a>; Babies as young as 15 months grasp fairness, <a href="http://www.livescience.com/16460-babies-grasp-fairness-sharing.html">http://www.livescience.com/16460-babies-grasp-fairness-sharing.html</a>. And so adults keep seeking it. Has that been beaten out of us by forced servitude behaviors. <i>Mestnichestvo</i>, the enforced system of social prestige and privilege in Russia, finally legislated out in the 19th Century, lives on as pressure to keep people in their place. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tk4oCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=mestnichestvo+today&source=bl&ots=ekXq_ZBsuO&sig=wV4VWZP8iktA6UPoQE6brwMmssw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2qtCYuPnSAhXBLmMKHfZQBWEQ6AEIGjAA#v=onepage&q=mestnichestvo%20today&f=false">It’s Russia, My Son. A (partial) Roadmap of the Russian Soul</a> by Sean Stewart 2015 at p.36. How could Putin bear to stand beside Obama, so much taller, so photo ops were arranged seated, and then turn body away, no handshakes because Obama was clearly out of his proper place. Is that part of the idea?</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
Impact" Increasing autonomy for those who have access to and learn and apply the tools for assessing propaganda, and can rise out of their own culture's<i> mestnichestvo</i>, How to vet. Vet or die as an ignorant follower, in a real sense. Broaden the idea of how a lasting peace can be fostered by lifting people.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;">Promote and provide tools for self-education. Infranfrastructure for education is not just schools: add storefront tutor centers, accessible local <i>libraries</i>, with computers for all, urge programs for literacy skills, <i>humanities</i>, for broad dissemination and understanding of information. </li>
<li style="text-align: left;">For power, move to see that difference, multiple viewpoints are not divisive, but strengthening as a foundation for the whole. Fat chance. Religions and political institutions are built on burning heretics with the idea that all must conform. There is no heresy for a modern world, is that so.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Urgency, We enjoy no broad frontiers for escape and resettlement of dissenters, the fungible. See impact at<span style="text-align: left;"> </span><a href="http://faculty.weber.edu/kmackay/frederick_jackson_turner.htm" style="text-align: center;">http://faculty.weber.edu/kmackay/frederick_jackson_turner.htm</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
Baby steps. How to get information available to people for their own autonomy and escape from empty or deadly promisees. Citizen deliberators are there, but not effective. It takes leadership.</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: left;">Meanwhile, promote autodidacts. Teach the self. Educate people to spot persuasion techniques, so as to defend against unknowing vulnerability. Media is essential in this effort, as may be some religious instutions in the mold of Frank Laubach, <a href="http://www.laubach-on.ca/getinvolved/aboutus/eachone">each one teach one</a>. How to counter all these:</span></li>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: left;"> <a href="https://neuroleadership.com/">Neuro marketing</a>.</span></li>
<li style="text-align: left;"> <a href="https://neuroleadership.com/">Neuro leadership</a>. </li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Ordinary propaganda. That used to be taught as a public service in the WWII era. See <i>propagandacritic.com</i> despite its new silly redesign. See also <a href="https://plainmeaning.blogspot.com/search/label/ISSFOODR">Plain Meaning, Manipulators Prefer Optics: ISSFOODR </a>, an arbitrary mnemonic for remembering the plays (<i>Plain Meaning</i> is a <a href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/3065622/security/google-turns-on-https-for-all-blogspot-blogs.html">blogspot site,</a> which are indeed all secure, and the <i>https </i>has been turned on, please correct yourself Chrome Google). </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
IV. Crimea: What effect, possibly.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
With enough heavy reparations, explore genocide in the process, right of return for those deported, perhaps a resolution short of more agonistic agony. A Ukraine view : <a href="http://euromaidanpress.com/2016/05/19/deportation-genocide-and-russias-war-against-crimean-tatars/">http://euromaidanpress.com/2016/05/19/deportation-genocide-and-russias-war-against-crimean-tatars/</a> Add issue of property restitution, not just borders, remains, see 2009 status at <a href="https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eur/rls/or/93062.htm">https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/eur/rls/or/93062.htm</a></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Economic experience with sanctions: Effective, but too slow, see <a href="http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2015/Russia/sanctions-after-crimea-have-they-worked/EN/index.htm">http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2015/Russia/sanctions-after-crimea-have-they-worked/EN/index.htm</a>.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Judicial: Snubs at the International Criminal Court as to Crimea, see <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russia-snubs-international-criminal-court-amid-scrutiny-of-crimea-annexation/2016/11/16/6186d2b0-ac05-11e6-8b45-f8e493f06fcd_story.html?utm_term=.47f369ccf38b">https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/russia-snubs-international-criminal-court-amid-scrutiny-of-crimea-annexation/2016/11/16/6186d2b0-ac05-11e6-8b45-f8e493f06fcd_story.html?utm_term=.47f369ccf38b</a>. Does that matter? What can be imposed in absentia? They start from behind, legally, see <a href="https://www.unian.info/politics/1624497-icc-designates-crimea-annexation-as-international-armed-conflict-report.html">https://www.unian.info/politics/1624497-icc-designates-crimea-annexation-as-international-armed-conflict-report.html</a>. Then again, their deed is done, much as the idea of catch me if you can, get away with it at the time and then who is behind. Sanctions must be onerous enough to stop that behavior before it gets its deed done. Is that so? Russia thinks all is going just fine. See <a href="http://www.russia-direct.org/opinion/why-russia-withdraws-international-criminal-court">http://www.russia-direct.org/opinion/why-russia-withdraws-international-criminal-court</a>, and now it seems to have the trump card.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
A. Recap the facts, information, positions.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Instead of a wholesale armed invasion by identifiable military under clear orders from a Power, there was incursion and sneak, population added or evolving to buttress a border somewhere, then moving the border to accommodate the new population: assert obligation to protect all 'Russian-speakers.' See <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/putin-claims-russia-forced-defend-ukraine-separatists-509281.">http://www.newsweek.com/putin-claims-russia-forced-defend-ukraine-separatists-509281.</a> Russians, in and out of Crimea over time, now fear 'eviction from it' if Tatar and western influences expand, see <a href="http://www.dhakatribune.com/world/europe/2016/08/12/ukraine-russia-fighting-crimea/%C2%A0%20lesson">http://www.dhakatribune.com/world/europe/2016/08/12/ukraine-russia-fighting-crimea/ lesson</a>. History: Go back to a timeline, <a href="http://www.blacksea-crimea.com/history1.html">http://www.blacksea-crimea.com/history1.html</a>. Military and incursion power against mere morality and right to self-determination: who loses. Yes. </div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
Deliberators: </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Gather all the information, facts, factors, lore, lay it out in one place for all to see. Only begin working out what to do when both sides agree that their viewpoints are in the document. Summary of Facts. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
Negotiators.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Move in. Push their partisans, exercise some reasonable (?) judgment in foreseeing merits of each other's positions. </div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
Strife or not. Failing an agreement, enter bloodshed or collapse of effort as reality. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Now, enter Transitional Justice. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
If Russia prevails in taking Crimea for its sphere, what reparations to Ukraine. What recourse for Tatars remaining, and seeking to return. Protections. Pressure is building, see (Ukrainian press) <a href="http://euromaidanpress.com/2015/01/06/russia-will-have-to-pay-reparations-for-crimea-illarionov/">http://euromaidanpress.com/2015/01/06/russia-will-have-to-pay-reparations-for-crimea-illarionov/</a>. Enforcement, if that is seen as a reasonable cap on the victor, see shares of Russian profits from XYZ go to Ukraine, or reduction in cost of whatever Russia supplies it, and so on. The idea is an important one. Explore Quora, ongoing debate online, at <a href="https://www.quora.com/Will-Russia-pay-400-billion-US-dollar-of-reparations-claimed-by-Ukrainian-government-for-the-economic-damage-inflicted-upon-Ukraine-during-the-annexation-of-Crimea-and-unleashing-the-war-in-Donbass-Will-the-current-Russian-government-be-tried-in-the-Haag-court-for-the-crimes-against-humanity">https://www.quora.com/Will-Russia-pay-400-billion-US-dollar-of-reparations-claimed-by-Ukrainian-government-for-the-economic-damage-inflicted-upon-Ukraine-during-the-annexation-of-Crimea-and-unleashing-the-war-in-Donbass-Will-the-current-Russian-government-be-tried-in-the-Haag-court-for-the-crimes-against-humanity</a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><i>The point is, that the literal trump card, forcing a dominance, </i>works to alter that dominance, but does not solve the problem. Agonists, the ones who turn to conflict, only produce antagonists -- the terms are old ones -- and the cycle is bound to recur as the losers ultimately regroup, unless first annihilated, deported, suppressed enough over time. Popultions of multiples (probably, globally, a vast majority) can never thrive on perpetuated strife. Is that what the extreme Agonists seek?</li>
<li>Keep it up long enough, however, and the genes conform to it, see epigenetics. Possibly. Arguably. See <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/~wine/202/g-and-b.html">https://web.stanford.edu/~wine/202/g-and-b.html</a>. Formerly enslaved, downtrodden groups have more to relearn -- else the pattern of servitude may continue. Is that so?</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The fight coming, by violence or armed words: against multipolar -- an idea not liked by either the US or Russia, each who sees itself as a beacon for a proper future. Each with oligarchs with paws in pot.</div>
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<ul style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: left;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrVqd9mlvu6DvYG00YpuA4PKtClGdzkJbpLXho5HKVpDN09f6lydotG9EmHmOLsSFmMAXbWk9gXIyjkPSa3ub1xs3hhyphenhyphen98Zbw1iCckwpKGzrtXn03cnnDj6GSL5Egxxvukfhu_okB1wHpo/s1600/IMG_0388.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrVqd9mlvu6DvYG00YpuA4PKtClGdzkJbpLXho5HKVpDN09f6lydotG9EmHmOLsSFmMAXbWk9gXIyjkPSa3ub1xs3hhyphenhyphen98Zbw1iCckwpKGzrtXn03cnnDj6GSL5Egxxvukfhu_okB1wHpo/s320/IMG_0388.JPG" style="cursor: move;" width="320" />Russia. Many ethnic, religious groups. May be more receptive to tempering authoritarianism than gets published. Here, Novgorod.</a></div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>
</ul>
<li>Multipolar idea. Not just multiethnic, where things do blur. Multipolar acknowledges the need for absolutist groups to knuckle down and coexist. Mere depth of feeling for one's own chosen ideology does not justify death to heretics. This is not a new idea see <a href="http://nationalinterest.org/print/feature/america-ready-multipolar-world-14964">http://nationalinterest.org/print/feature/america-ready-multipolar-world-14964</a>. </li>
<ul>
<li>Is multipolar satisfied by dividing the world into spheres of influence, with one side at least hoping eventually to absorb the other into one's own. The process of getting there is unacceptable to the bubble.</li>
<li>Back to basics: The old talking points.</li>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div>
1. Earth as bubble, not the old sphere supporting endless frontiers and horizons beckoning with new starts for a brew of dissenters,exploiters and fungible fodder. Bring out the blender. Put the lid on and process and arrive, if the stars align, at an existing but misapplied concept, Transitional Justice. </ul>
<ul>2. The idea began in the context of <a href="https://www.ictj.org/">mass issues</a> of atrocity and denial, at governmental levels. Cap what the winner is allowed to keep, retrieve for the losers what is needed for ongoing life that is reasonable. Cap again. Restrict. Isolate. </ul>
<ul>3. Need: See same kinds of slaughters, cagings of humans in ideological and physical prisons ongoing, imbalance, force, all the way down to individuals seeking some reasonable autonomy. Unrest on the rise, threatened power doubling down.</ul>
</ul>
Conclusion. Perhaps waystation..<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
End the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71fZhMXlGT4">danse macabre</a> that only repeats itself with different characters at the top. Using economic incentives meets the reality that we all will not agree philosophically. For example, the cost to Putin of repression is expending more on more repression and enduring more accusations and approbation, all for repeatedly thinking that <a href="https://warontherocks.com/2016/02/death-solves-all-problems-the-authoritarian-counterinsurgency-toolkit/">death solves all problems.</a>( also <a href="http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/410859-death-solves-all-problems-no-man-no-problem">Anatoly Rybakov</a>). Can we avoid a coming bursting of our reciprocal, mutual, common bubble if we do not affirmatively act in order to coexist.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHhaSFEUw_SsRWBNJAAt4Qr4Rv9vT9NlNrtn0m2P_rBhlaQ0RnP0gkR11AvgGN6rlNpvMOMcX7uiWkU8HKa3vhubfseD53ISoigdklPRnnQn6nQCChtp68hwi5QFNp7PH9GxhP3_Cn2W_q/s1600/DSCN0858.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHhaSFEUw_SsRWBNJAAt4Qr4Rv9vT9NlNrtn0m2P_rBhlaQ0RnP0gkR11AvgGN6rlNpvMOMcX7uiWkU8HKa3vhubfseD53ISoigdklPRnnQn6nQCChtp68hwi5QFNp7PH9GxhP3_Cn2W_q/s320/DSCN0858.JPG" width="240" />Bubble Earth, atop, from Oslo.</a></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li>The place for strife, must be contained at least. See <a href="http://pavilionmagazine.org/chantal-mouffe-agonistic-democracy-and-radical-politics/">http://pavilionmagazine.org/chantal-mouffe-agonistic-democracy-and-radical-politics/</a>. Deliberators, keep in mind the value of contained strife. Agonists, know your reach will be limited. <i>Agonism</i>, <a href="http://www.e-ir.info/2012/09/18/agonism-in-international-relations/">Agonism in International Relations</a>, Paulina Tambaki 2012. Brutality, however, remains overkill. </li>
<li> More war behavior can creates <i>empire</i>. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zQWl1eG9DEoC&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=horsemen+steppes+domination&source=bl&ots=xbeH_OuzRo&sig=xMYcQIuvEUr8JsBtyGWwgF0MUjI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiz8e2kpdbJAhXDQSYKHTa4BoMQ6AEIRjAH#v=onepage&q&f=false">Empires: The Logic of World Domination from Ancient Rome to the United States</a> by Herfried Munkler, translator Patrick Camiller ed.2007, at pp. 55 ff Behaviors change the culture, and so does war behavior. </li>
<ul>
<li>And now we learn, we think, that wars themselves accelerate changes in the culture beyond mere individuals learning the benefits, if they indeed live through the war. </li>
<li>War itself, as a behavior, repeated over time, changes the<i> genes</i> of both winners and losers. As in chronic family problems, issues seem to repeat themselves down the generations until somebody finally gets it right, we have genetics <i>buttressing</i> the idea. An activity itself may well lead to genetic change to support it: see evolving ideas at <a href="http://www.newsweek.com/how-behavior-can-change-your-dna-71175">http://www.newsweek.com/how-behavior-can-change-your-dna-71175</a>; and at <a href="http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/13-grandmas-experiences-leave-epigenetic-mark-on-your-genes">http://discovermagazine.com/2013/may/13-grandmas-experiences-leave-epigenetic-mark-on-your-genes</a> </li>
</ul>
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Who is legitimate, worthy? Can wars determine? Is the inquiry to be simply trashed? See the <a href="https://migratorypatterns.blogspot.com/2016/12/patronios-tale-king-and-three-imposters-root-of-emperors-new-clothes.html">Emperor's New Clothes</a>, for the lunacy of all of our cultures that rely on hierarchy, legitimacy or station, for human worth. How absurd our rewrites to elevate ourselves over other forms of life. <i>Creationism.</i> See <a href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/creationism/">http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/creationism/</a>. Cap the rewards of war, cap the losses of war, to build in a moderated result even before the conflict. <br />
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<li style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"> The massive issue of atrocity and denial has its roots in the larger <i>context </i>of the individual person: the miasma effect of powers religious and political and social that inflict <a href="http://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/death-1000-cuts.asp">a thousand cuts</a> of atrocity and denial on the person, all still leading to conflict and reconflict. </li>
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<li>The tool is there. The more classic Transitional Justice concepts for stabilizing, course correction, still apply: An existing tool, a concept balancing practicality with morality;a lesser reward for the top is, at bottom, fair. And with some greater form of individual autonomy recognized as leading to a more lasting peace.</li>
<li>Futher reason to expedite. Epigenetics, Go back to genes. If our genes really change with behavior and experience, see above, then the agonist is favored in the long run; unless the shape-shifting behaviors and experiences extinguish themselves. Behavioral epigenetics. See <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3052688">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3052688</a>/Another topic. </li>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-87192156618117280452017-02-18T17:03:00.003-05:002017-03-25T11:06:32.466-04:00Political timeline for winning kleptocratic elections. An autocratic road map. Putin.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Road map to kleptocratic power: Author Karen Dawisha</div>
<br />
Consider this political focus as a Part II to the <a href="https://worldwar1worldwar2.blogspot.com/2017/01/putins-early-life-battleground-of-the-mind-how-is-the-leader-shaped-by-shadows-in-his-biography.html">Putin's early life</a> topic here. It is a natural outgrowth. With power won, how did he do it.Kleptocracy: a term with <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kleptocracy">1819 Spanish roots</a> (rule by thieves) but more apt today as governance by rulers using official positions for personal gain, see <a href="http://wordsmith.org/words/kleptocracy.html">http://wordsmith.org/words/kleptocracy.html</a><br />
<br />
1. Putin and kleptocracy. To start, consider a collage of concepts, with a framework that follows the political chronology at pp. 238-350, <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Putin_s_Kleptocracy.html?id=lb7QAwAAQBAJ">Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia</a>, by Karen Dawisha 2014. Get flavor from this limited preview <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Putin_s_Kleptocracy.html?id=lb7QAwAAQBAJ"><i>google book</i> site </a>online, scroll down to topics. A specific chapter is presented as part of the different preview online, section <i>Russia, Putin, and the Future of Kleptocratic Authoritarianism,</i> pp. 337 ff at <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Putin_s_Kleptocracy.html?id=lb7QAwAAQBAJ">another google book site</a>, <br />
<br />
Page references here are to the book, <i>Putin's Kleptocracy</i>, above.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Limitation: Here I offer only a detailed look at pages 238-266 or so. The idea is to encourage anyone to read the original. There are good online resources, see 2 below. Go to the book while President Trump is distracted, see <a href="http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/month-presidency-trump-prepares-campaign-rally/">http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/month-presidency-trump-prepares-campaign-rally/</a>. </li>
</ul>
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<li>See also <i>Band of Brothers</i>, <a href="http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21633785-academic-investigation-networks-control-russia-band-brothers">http://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21633785-academic-investigation-networks-control-russia-band-brothers</a>.</li>
</ul>
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2. Familiar: The Russia pattern of enabling the perpetuation of election of elites. Post-1990's. Pp. 238 ff<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>1999-2003. Prevent opposition candidates from rising. P. 240. Concept includes getting rid of special interest or ethnic interests: <i>Eliminationism.</i> See <a href="http://www.patheos.com/blogs/daylightatheism/2013/08/american-fundamentalists-applaud-russian-eliminationism/">http://www.patheos.com/blogs/daylightatheism/2013/08/american-fundamentalists-applaud-russian-eliminationism/</a> </li>
<ul>
<li>Opponents, groups, ethnicities beware. Bandwagon, the propaganda tactic of selling the idea of everyone already behind the concept, at work. <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/21/world/russia-s-politicians-trying-to-jump-on-putin-s-bandwagon.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/21/world/russia-s-politicians-trying-to-jump-on-putin-s-bandwagon.html</a>. </li>
<li>Stress: Loyalty to power must be absolute. P. 255. Tool: Use power of starting local. Tweets are good.</li>
<li><i>Fear of social justice</i> as rallying point for the population, who recall the old left, seeking to topple those above. Make any argument for justice for people rise in that old framework. Taint it.<br />
<div style="margin-left: 40px;">
The old left-leaning Communist party of the Russian Federation (KPRF), for example, had controlled a broad number of regional authorities, and held governorships, </div>
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What is the change? Suddenly, there is minimal local control by left-leaning officials, because many had already defected to Putin, see <a href="https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/alexandr-litoy/kremlin-has-nothing-to-fear-from-leftwing-opposition">https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/alexandr-litoy/kremlin-has-nothing-to-fear-from-leftwing-opposition</a>. Blame game leads sto the buttressing of central power, p. 238. </div>
</li>
</ul>
</ul>
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3. Less familiar. Use of resources of the State, illegally; or within a darkening penumbra of impeachability as a high crime or misdemeanor, both subject to definition. </div>
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<li>Our system has seen much self-dealing, but to explore current activities by Mr. Trump may get more attention. Even without direct violation of letter of laws, is there a penumbra of impeachability rising. Karen Dawisha book issues: see the Putin practices of using office to further business interests at page 241. </li>
</ul>
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3. Abuses of news outlets. Media: Accusation here came from outside, as to the propriety of election practices, but gained credence inside. Resonating: Failure to dispense impartial information about candidates and their campaigns. Putin's image dominates, even where he refused to debate (stay on topic). P. 242. Fraud: an issue there. P.248 ff, </div>
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4. Leaks and use of such. Leaked documents: Show the plans for achieving Authoritarian rule, P. 251. Desire of Putin to rotate elites every 4 years, plans, methodologies. </div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Note: by becoming president, he himself can escape control idea, something he had to live with under KGB, Social order, stability, does not require self-governance -- need instead ability to jumpstart responses, work from the side to influence all political processes to get objectives accomplished, p, 253. </li>
</ul>
5. Now, form a playbook. Putin's playbook. <br />
<br />
See list of instructions at p. 253. Control public platforms, removal of opposition platforms, (in US, even by other family activities, see <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/29/opinions/melania-trump-lawsuit-freedom-of-press-randazza/">http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/29/opinions/melania-trump-lawsuit-freedom-of-press-randazza/</a> -- use of same lawyer and methods as brought down Gawker, see <a href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20160612/08551434690/peter-thiels-plan-to-destroy-gawker-went-way-beyond-hogans-case.shtml">https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20160612/08551434690/peter-thiels-plan-to-destroy-gawker-went-way-beyond-hogans-case.shtml, denigration</a>, see <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/opposition-party-media-trump-steve-bannon-cbn-brody-file-2017-1">http://www.businessinsider.com/opposition-party-media-trump-steve-bannon-cbn-brody-file-2017-1</a>, Set barrier between president and all oppositional forces. Introduce constant information, agitation, propaganda, through mass media, discredit the opposition, hold public rallies to support the president (see Florida 2/18/22017, <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/buzzfeednews/president-trump-rally-in-florida?utm_term=.ejGARmAAx#.clbab6aaP">https://www.buzzfeed.com/buzzfeednews/president-trump-rally-in-florida?utm_term=.ejGARmAAx#.clbab6aaP</a>; Create and maintain own media. See <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/17/opinions/trump-wants-you-to-hate-media-ghitis/"> http://www.cnn.com/2017/02/17/opinions/trump-wants-you-to-hate-media-ghitis</a>/<br />
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6. How is progress in the US toward kleptocratic goals?<br />
<br />
6.1 Target the independent media -- topic of its own at p. 256. Finance work of supportive journalists -- (a kind of stable?). Fake news. False stories. See <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/europe/russia-sweden-disinformation.html</a>. Attack idea of investigations, p. 259, Blackmail. P. 259,</div>
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6.2 Oligarch control, p. 262. Foster a strong State, not a law-based one, p. 263. Subordinate interests of business with needs of the Kremlin, get the revenues, seem to ally with liberal economists but they began to sense loss of independence,. p. 265,</div>
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7. Stopping point. Begin at p.266 -- <br />
<br />
Go to the original <i>Putin's Kleptocracy</i>. Then watch <i>The American Three Blind Mice</i>, Mitch and Paul and Jeff, who will not investigate appropriately unless hauled into the filing room. Generally Ostrich Party. Bring on the <i>writs of mandamus</i>. See <a href="https://worldwar1worldwar2.blogspot.com/2017/02/independent-investigations-attorney-general-writ-of-mandamus-compel-action.html">https://worldwar1worldwar2.blogspot.com/2017/02/independent-investigations-attorney-general-writ-of-mandamus-compel-action.html</a></div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-80046776924283883482017-02-18T03:48:00.001-05:002017-03-25T11:07:25.839-04:00Independent investigations. Attorney General. Writ of Mandamus? Compel action. Sessions.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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1. Some battles are within governments, and discretion is weaponized so that political party is served, for example, and not Justice, or the State, or Nation. State examples are common, see <a href="http://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-paul-vance-lawsuits-20151116-story.html">http://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-paul-vance-lawsuits-20151116-story.html</a>. There is already some recourse against partisanship in offices intended to be nonpartisan, for the Nation or the State. See the old <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/mandamus"> Writ of Mandamus</a></div>
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2. An action in the nature of the old Writt is provided for by statute: <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/1361">Action to Compel an Officer of the United States to Do His Duty. </a> USC Title 28 section 1361: </div>
<blockquote>
"The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any action in the nature of mandamus to compel an officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof to perform a duty owed to the plaintiff." 28 USC 1361.</blockquote>
There also is a manual for the <i>Writ of Mandamus, </i> modern style. See <a href="http://federalpracticemanual.org/chapter2/section5">Shriver Center, Federal Practice Manual for Legal Aid Attorneys </a>updated 2015.<br />
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3. Now: to that Federal level. So far, Attorney General Jeff Sessions opposes an independent investigative committee, and/or recuse himself from actions related to any investigation of the Trump-Russia-Flynn-Unknowns Morass. See rough story so far at <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/here-s-how-congress-handling-russia-investigations-n722661">NBC: How Congress is Handling Russia Investigations.</a>. </div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Partisan lines are drawn, or emerging. </li>
<li>Does the AG Jeff Sessions have absolute discretion to do or not as he pleases? Can arguments prevail that couch partisan and personal interests in language of discretion re service to the United States. See <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/14/us/politics/attorney-general-jeff-sessions-russia-inquiries.html?_r=0">NYT: Attorney General Jeff Sessions Resists Russia Inquiries</a>. Or does national security or other exigent circumstances trump old ideas of the untouchable AG.</li>
<ul>
<li>Look up the job at <a href="https://www.justice.gov/jmd/organization-mission-and-functions-manual-attorney-general.">Justice Department Organization Mission and Functions, Manual, Attorney General</a>. </li>
<ul>
<li> It says there that the Justice Department acts on behalf of the United States. Good. It should be possible to see in individual cases who really is being represented, a political party, or national security, or broader US, with evidence of actions taken. </li>
<li>Is the AG decision like an executive order, subject to review. Circumstances.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
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4. The AG Jeff Sessions Writ. A small manual.<br />
<br />
a. Define the job. He acts on behalf of the United States. See <a href="http://www.ncdoj.com/About-DOJ/The-Attorney-General/Duties-and-Responsibilities.aspx">http://www.ncdoj.com/About-DOJ/The-Attorney-General/Duties-and-Responsibilities.aspx</a><br />
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b. Make the request. Somebody with clout and standing: Request that he take formal action on behalf of the United States. Cite reasons, with specificity but leaving open further information.<br />
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3. If the AG refuses a) to set up an independent investigative committee, or b) recuse himself (gather your arguments for equity there as well), then c) go to the district court as provided, see above, and ask that d) a writ be wrought as the right thing.<br />
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4. The Writ. Who has the strongest right to bring an action. High level committees? minorities there, etc. Include specific references to strong evidence of need for the writ, including for in camera inspection of secrets (no balding assertions of power without evidence supporting constitutionality, need for this particular remedy) and how the AG holds the cards needed to deal out justice.What other remedy is there when law falls apart for justice in a given, important case? Whether the issue fits or not is up to argument.<br />
<br />
History, for buffs:<br />
<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><i>Historical Nature of Equity Jurisprudence</i> by Howard L. Oleck back in 1951, <a href="http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1378&context=flr">Fordham University Law Review </a></li>
<li>1928, <i>The Fusion of Law and Equity in United States Courts</i> by Charles T. McCormick, <a href="http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1153&context=nclr">University of North Carolina School of Law</a></li>
<li>1939, the US merged law and equity, the two arms of justice. See Justia, US Law, <a href="http://law.justia.com/constitution/us/amendment-07/06-continuing-law-equity-distinction.html">The Continuing Law Equity Distinction,</a></li>
<li>1961 -- <i>Some Aspects of the Merger of Law and Equity</i> by John L. Garvey, <a href="http://scholarship.law.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2987&context=lawreview">Catholic University School of Law</a> </li>
</ol>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-39309437240898486812017-02-11T11:22:00.002-05:002017-03-25T11:18:46.599-04:00Battleground of the mind. The chucky-leader uses fear to shape perception, solidify support. Chucky meets healthcare.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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When are cartoon ideas useful in describing current events? Any time.<br />
Analysis can be part of entertainment. Here, vet leaders against the chucky syndrome:<br />
The doll supposed to be cuddly who turns violent.<br />
Moral: All is not as it may seem. Vet. Always.<br />
Update*<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
* Update the days after the night before. <i>Chucky meets he</i><i>althcare</i>. We have, or did have, a chucky healthcare bill, that got worse and worse as time went on, fewer people covered, more tax breaks for the rich, and so on. See <a href="http://talkingpointsmemo.com/dc/what-s-in-the-health-care-bill-changes-unveiled-late-last-night">http://talkingpointsmemo.com/dc/what-s-in-the-health-care-bill-changes-unveiled-late-last-night</a>. How better to express the dynamic, but by a chucky image. Let me know.</blockquote>
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<br />
<br />
Voters: Watch for relentless pursuit of goals by candidates that mask their self-serving nature, and only pretend to serve, until everyone's guard is down. How to discern a <i>bona fide</i> objective threat justifying fanning fear where the official uses that technique. There is always a need for objective review of underlying objective facts, particularly where fear is induced.</div>
</div>
<br />
A. Overview. "Chucky:" A quick glimpse to the chucky in the grotesque entertainment world -- enough to unsettle the unprepared. See<a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=chucky&espv=2&site=webhp&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjJ0vag-PHSAhWENiYKHUOqAZ0Q_AUIBigB&biw=1170&bih=714"> Image</a>s.<br />
<br />
1. In one use, the one shown in Images, this is a specific creative-product brand in horror entertainment. Think of the little<i> r for registered</i> in the circle, or little <i>c for copyright</i>, suggested here with the quotes. Neither is violated by fair use, extrapolation. So, go to the movies as homework. A new incarnation of this doll-gone-bad is on the way, fans, see<br />
<a href="http://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3408536/update-next-chucky-movie/">http://bloody-disgusting.com/movie/3408536/update-next-chucky-movie/</a>.<br />
<br />
2. In another use, <i>a chucky</i> is a psychological type in leadership, politics, ideological institutions, people, elsewhere, in ways that <i>promote </i>the fear-thrust of the brand, not diminish it. In another, track etymology, ongoing benign uses in history and culture.<br />
<br />
Then explore how analysis, based on a fear-inciting element of an entertainment medium, can help us vet real life. Can tools for assessing leadership traits as suggested figuratively (not literally) from entertainment, learned at a time when we are relaxed and receptive, help us avoid wars and exploitation when they loom. Force and fear in our lives and words. How do they use thee. <a href="https://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/how-do-i-love-thee-sonnet-43">Let us count the ways</a>. How to tell the true, the fact-based leader decision, from the ersatz, the self-interest.<br />
<br />
B. Brand. "Chucky." The specific character, production company.<br />
<br />
Close your eyes and <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Chucky+movies&rlz=1CALEAG_enUS706US706&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwicyaOU0YfSAhUJOCYKHX5xAIMQ_AUICigD&biw=1224&bih=615">images</a> may emerge of the relentless pursuit and destruction of the doll-gone-bad horror genre, so enthusiastically sought out by movie-fear-entertainment-seekers. The branding for <i>Chucky</i> the character and production company began in 1988 with <i><a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0094862/">Child's Play</a></i>, I think. Either way, that brand is supported by the analysis here -- the discussion offered with great admiration for the skill in creating the character, marketing it. Surprise, shock, invasion of home and heart by the Other. How would anyone react.<br />
<br />
C. Political application of <i>chuckiness,</i> focusing on figurative description of the entertainment.<br />
<i><br /></i>Explore <i>a chucky</i> as in <i>chucky-leader,</i> or ideologue activist who may not be readily apparent, but waits. <a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=verbify">Verbify</a> it. Go <i>chucky </i>somebody. All carry elements of an action or leadership type that taps into fear of unfair surprise, relentless pursuit and imminent pain and destruction. A <i>Chucky leader</i>? That use turns a noun, a chucky, into an adjective. Wonderful. A a chucky linguistic magic trick. See <a href="https://classics.osu.edu/turning-english-nouns-adjectives">https://classics.osu.edu/turning-english-nouns-adjectives</a>,<br />
<br />
Fear chucky-leaders, those who combine the elements of political fear-mongering easily combined into a dangerous whole, weaponized. That is dangerous because once internalized, the ability to assess and reject may be effectively gone. What good are facts then. The mind cannot absorb. Whether any particular case or leader is benign or malignant in manipulating people is a matter of wits, courage and vetting.<br />
<br />
Further concern: Discernment. Traits of chucky-leader prototypes but are not necessarily conclusive. A vetter may be wrong. Perhaps a threat is real and there is no objective corroboration -- yet. Danger is a spectrum often under the radar.<br />
<br />
1. Watch for persons or groups -- here comes the alphabet criteria --<br />
<br />
a) Fostering or even representing special interests that end up benefiting the leader, not the people,<br />
<br />
b) With relentless determination,<br />
<br />
c) In finance, status and position, religious or political ideology or individual goal; and who are either<br />
<br />
d) Blending in until triggered, or readily identifiable; and who are<br />
<br />
e) Willing and able to use whatever force-destruction is needed, to impose fear and loss in order to get their way, serve their ego, get their revenge in extreme cases; and with<br />
<br />
f) Agenda to dominate, even dispose of, all those dissenting, in their way, or those not in their direct way but who who are otherwise arbitrarily chosen for disposition, to promote control and fear of uncertainty.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhTv5Abf2Bg3pXC5ZlaZaGQVd_nL38RR4Otgvd8IylNpde1GC0wLjy1U9azjOqzLlY4HUvnZw-2qwM_Sh_eY7hTRNlC03YKuFZFLhVHN4H4z4_WWZR7Ze59sXYuJyfKbqDdjdtX3l5Rjqn/s1600/Polandsopotcrazyhouse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhTv5Abf2Bg3pXC5ZlaZaGQVd_nL38RR4Otgvd8IylNpde1GC0wLjy1U9azjOqzLlY4HUvnZw-2qwM_Sh_eY7hTRNlC03YKuFZFLhVHN4H4z4_WWZR7Ze59sXYuJyfKbqDdjdtX3l5Rjqn/s1600/Polandsopotcrazyhouse.jpg" />Fear distorts perception. People afraid are more easily manipulated. Vet the fear-fanner. Here, crazy house in Sopot, Poland. Nothing to fear here.*</a></div>
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2.<i> A Chucky</i> in this broader sense of political analysis is important, though difficult. It enables an investigation into the <i>appeal</i> of the original individual film character, in order to build defenses against it. As to particular leaders, not the topic here, exploring elements of chuckiness brings to common discussion a needed historical and political, and some psychological analysis. The entertainment arena jumps the fence.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>That use is complex because it becomes a dance, between the fear-promoting leader and the people who want to be saved. </li>
<ul>
<li>Discernment again. </li>
<ul>
<li>A real objective, fact-driven cause for fear is one thing, an adjunct to survival; a manipulated fear for purposes of shaping, imposing ideology, exploitation and personal enrichment, another. </li>
<li>That exploitive fear-mongering is to be rooted out, defended against, by those who value autonomous thought. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Examine how institutions and individuals can, if they so choose, promote deep fear in a population, a herd response to follow a leader promising salvation. A Chucky leader can become an engine diminishing that autonomous thought. </li>
<li>Chuckyleaders fear autonomous thought. </li>
<li>Fear is an engine of control. Good, when group action is needed for survival, escape; devastating to autonomy when manipulated to serve power needs of an institution, individual. See other power plays: Robert Greene, <a href="https://www.tke.org/files/file/The_48_Laws_of_Power.pdf">48 Laws of Power.</a> 1998. </li>
</ul>
3. Overt acts and groups. These are easy to find, but not easy to remedy. Extreme: ISIL<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Covert acts and groups, however, mouthing words of inclusion and population-interest promotion to lure people to follow, while deflecting their thought by fear, to accomplish the opposite and self-serve, are difficult to spot. </li>
<ul>
<li>At ground level, during the process, it is difficult to persuade people that their fears may not be justified, that they may be being used. The already fearful have shut down the independent thought sections of the brain, is that so. </li>
<li>Those situations are eminently deniable, humiliating to admit, create anger backlash, denial and scapegoating, and never easy to remedy. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
D. Uses of fear in war and politics. <br />
<br />
Fear of ambush, fear of pain, fear of loss, the arbitrary hit, why one dies and not another. Fear, pain, loss. The trifecta of control.<br />
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The theory: Make <i>fear t</i>he agenda, and control follows. </li>
<ul>
<li>In movies, keep people in the palm of the directors' hands for the duration and on into their nightmares. </li>
<li>In political parties, politics in general, religious institutions gone amok, or some other places for ideological weaponry, people in fear and kept there will not seek to "self-actualize" or otherwise act based on their own judgment. Now, there is a budget savings. A way to shrink government. People setting their own self-interest aside.</li>
<ul>
<li> Instead, they will follow in order to be "safe." Lead them deeper in their own holes. Blame somebody else.</li>
<li>Look up the<i> </i><a href="https://d3jc3ahdjad7x7.cloudfront.net/rx9Wb7OU8R83rfYAdYUsKScg85FnHrnW2qPSvPSLbO9Ugo4R.pdf">Maslow hierarchy of needs </a>idea. </li>
<ul>
<li>[Then look at executive orders designed to fan fear and exert control not only of bad entities, but us. How to discern who is served by the fanning? What facts underlie whatever is claimed, and what remedy? Keep wits about.].</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
E. Benign uses. People not to fear: Chuckyphiliacs in friendly circumstances, compared. <i>Chuckiness</i> also has positive meanings -- it is an old concept in ways not evoking fear at all.<br />
<ul>
<li>Etymology. <i>Chucky </i>is a term that began benign, and retains many of those uses. Find it as a term of endearment, an affectionate gesture, in Shakespeare, or idiomatic for a chicken (chook), or way to serve eggs, see <a href="http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-cho2.htm">World Wide Words</a>. Nouns. </li>
<ul>
<li>Some other Chuckies are personality types who hang around cowboy stores. Chucky can mean driveway stones, see <a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Chucky">http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Chucky</a>. More nouns. </li>
<li>Chuck it. Pitch it. Verbs. </li>
<li>Or, back in the sinister sense, a Chucky stabs you in the back, see <i>urbandictionary</i>. </li>
<ul>
<li>That vernacaular use is rooted probably in the <i>Chucky</i> that is also a brand, see above. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
F. Philosopical non-conclusion.<br />
<br />
Warfare. Uses of fear. An obvious part of war, leading to it, during it, repercussions after itThe character type of leaders takes vetting: where there is choice, vet whether a chucky (relentless in pursuit of own enrichment, other gain, ideology benefiting own status and position) or not, to follow or not, can be a useful analytical tool, if people are educated to its workings before it begins. Culture can serve us in more ways than entertainment: even slasher films can teach. Enjoy the slasher flicks; but beware real life if you see elements in "regular people." Is that so? is important to know. How or if it functions in any circumstance. Persuasion through fear is longstanding, hard to reverse. The mind is convinced.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
.............................................
* Not a chucky fear-fanner. See <a href="http://www.polandroadways.blogspot.com/">Poland Road Ways</a>.
</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-3434015433532268812017-01-14T03:40:00.000-05:002017-03-25T11:19:52.652-04:00Putin's early life. Battleground of the mind. How is the leader shaped by shadows in his biography.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Vladimir Putin. Timeline of a leader.<br />
A composite, including contrasting information. Gaps still to be filled.<br />
Do early experiences reflect in the later man. Mother: <i>Vera Putina</i> in Georgia?<br />
Does truth matter, or only the usefulness of a chosen interpretation.<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Update. In 2008, the story of Putin's claimed Georgia mother, challenging accepted facts as to the parentage and early life of Vladimir Putin, and first disseminated back in 1999, came out more broadly. See <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/3568891/Could-this-woman-be-Vladimir-Putins-real-mother.html"> http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/3568891/Could-this-woman-be-Vladimir-Putins-real-mother.html</a>. Start with that overview. Then work around. And test this theory in reviewing any timeline: </li>
<ul>
<li>Whether east or west, where there is any claimed factual issue, does a search for <i>truth </i>drive its vetting? Or does the fate of the fact rest on what <i>version of that fact </i>will rally the people to the cause of the day. </li>
<li>Does that explain cover-ups. Do cover-ups, the destruction, spin or denial of other versions of priorities, consequences, events, prove the truth of the theory itself: </li>
<ul>
<li>That truth in religion, or politics, or the market, or childrearing, or any other human endeavor does not matter, only what works to serve the cause. East and west, here.</li>
<li>In Putin's case, is the refusal to find the truth, to take a simple DNA test (the claimed birth mother, Vera Putina, is alive and well in Georgia. See interview from 2014, <a href="http://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/26595-putins-mother-misses-her-son.html">http://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/26595-putins-mother-misses-her-son.html</a>. The official parents are buried at St. Petersburg). Refusal to look into truth: is that in itself a simple cover-up, failure of accountability. Ask.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<br />
Putin's first ten years; there are two versions of his biography. One is a selfie: how his official life story presents, with official parents Maria Ivanovna Shelomovna and Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin. See <span style="text-align: left;"> </span><a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio" style="text-align: center;">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><span style="text-align: left;">. </span>Another is a shadow: where information, inconsistent with the story suggested by the official, casts a moving and changing shape, opaque over the otherwise bland landscape of a narrated childhood. Who are the people, what are the events that keep coming to the fore, particularly since 2008. Do those matter to understanding the man. See <a href="http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/was-vladimir-putin-born-georgia">http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/was-vladimir-putin-born-georgia</a>. Alexander J. Motyl 2015. Study what evidence there remains, and vet for credibility. What seem to be roots of his goals, his drive, his methodology. What roots grew early from his perceptions, whether or not so intended by the surrounding grownups making pivotal decisions affecting him, at the time. </div>
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Why bother looking into his life? Bother for two reasons: because<br />
<br />
a) A more complete view of people's early experiences, especially where a child may feel shunted about, devalued, powerless, or worse, count. Does a drive develop, to be powerless never again (please get the professionals in here if this idea even matters). Extreme early insecurity, may help untangle, explain later behavior, policies. Those behaviors may not be based on the <i>merit</i> of the idea, but on the person's own need to fill in gaps, prove to himself that he is important. Truth? Politics is full of untruths. Behavior and experience can even, it seems, alter DNA. See See <a href="http://www.medicaldaily.com/i-think-therefore-i-am-epigenetics-and-how-dna-can-change-just-experience-living-319044">http://www.medicaldaily.com/i-think-therefore-i-am-epigenetics-and-how-dna-can-change-just-experience-living-319044</a>. Be careful with kids. And</div>
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b) secrets engender cover-ups that increase in virulence, the closer the outside gets inside. People have died here, related to their reporting, their relationships it appears; and issues still not resolved. Lay them to rest. If a leader cannot tell truth about self (give some leeway for politics, I suppose), why follow the leader in anything. The greater the dummies we. Ask the questions, see if someone can help answer.</div>
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1. Basic Orientation, site evolution of recent stories.<br />
Activity increasing.</div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Ongoing -- Official, traditional view of Vladimir Putin, see <span style="text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio" style="text-align: center;">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a>.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
1999 -- Ms. Putina first told her story 1999, school records 1959-60, Georgia, see <a href="http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=999_1394651893">http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=999_1394651893</a>; Recap, events, claims of Vera Putina as to parentage of Vladimir Putin, see<a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother"> http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a></blockquote>
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2003. Documentary film about <i>Vera Putina (born 1926)</i> and still in Georgia, see reference (film not online) at <a href="http://www.timeout.com/london/film/putins-mama">http://www.timeout.com/london/film/putins-mama</a></blockquote>
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2014 -- Interview with <i>Vera Putina</i> in Georgia, see <a href="http://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/26595-putins-mother-misses-her-son.html">http://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/26595-putins-mother-misses-her-son.html</a>; Claim overview: Vladimir Putin moved to St. Petersburg to live with distant relatives in 1960, earlier years in Georgia. Circumstances: see timeline.</blockquote>
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2014 -- P<span style="text-align: center;">ositive, folksy view of Putin's own family in transition: see </span><a href="http://abcnews.go.com/International/inside-personal-life-russian-president-vladimir-putin/story?id=23161867" style="text-align: center;">http://abcnews.go.com/International/inside-personal-life-russian-president-vladimir-putin/story?id=23161867</a>.</blockquote>
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2015 --Politics and possible coverups as the story began to emerge, and information from Vera Putina, and others, see this German site, <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a>. Click on the translate; see deaths of reporters, missing documentation, see also <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/mar/29/guardianobituaries.isobelmontgomery">https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/mar/29/guardianobituaries.isobelmontgomery</a></blockquote>
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2015 -- Information status report and analysis as of 2015, see <a href="http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/was-vladimir-putin-born-georgia">http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/was-vladimir-putin-born-georgia</a>; see also fast summary of facts of both biography versions, see Canada's <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/blog/the-putin-file">http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/blog/the-putin-file</a>. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
2016 -- N<span style="text-align: center;">egative view, see <i>Vladimir Putin's Rise to Power</i> (full documentary) </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nY3Uz4ELwM0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nY3Uz4ELwM0</a>.</blockquote>
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2016 -- <i>Mysterious Genealogy of Vladimir Putin</i>, see <a href="http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/">http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/</a>; see also <a href="http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/">http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/</a></blockquote>
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2016 -- Modern political developments, see <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/">http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/</a></blockquote>
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2016 -- Interrelationships, Russia and Trump interests since 1986 -- <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a></blockquote>
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2017 -- Vladimir Putin's essay in <i>Russian Pioneer Magazine</i> No. 55 about his father, upbringing (not Georgia), 2017 (magazine article), see <i>http://ruspioner.ru/cool/m/single/4655/. </i>at <a href="http://rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html">http://rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html</a>.</blockquote>
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2. Timeline: Vladimir Vladimirivich Putin, a composite,<br />
with filing cabinet of gaps to vet<br />
<br />
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</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Official or alt-bio. To keep apparent branches of the Putin family separate, I refer to the St. Petersburg parents as the official parents, and the Metekhi, Georgia, mother and associated persons, the alt-bio family. </li>
<ul>
<li>Vera Putin, biological mother</li>
<li>Platon Privalov, biological father</li>
<li>Georgy Osepashvili, biological mother's later husband</li>
<li>Parents (unnamed) of Vera Putin, who are distant relatives of the St. Petersburg Putins.</li>
</ul>
<li> No way to make ultimate absolute determination as to parentage based on online information. Easy enough with DNA, probably.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
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Before 1917 Revolution: <i>Official Grandfather Spiridon Putin</i> (birthdate-deathdate?) grandfather of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, leaves <a href="http://russia-ic.com/culture_art/history/3010#.WHqEihsrK00">Tver</a> for St. Petersburg at age 15. See <a href="http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/">http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/</a> Already an issue? "The president's family tree is not traced from this Spiridon" see <a href="http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/">http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/</a> Yet it goes on to detail the activities and jobs of that Spiridon Putin before the 1917 Revolution, and isn't he the father of Vladimir Spiridonovich said to be the father of Vladimir Putin. If that branch is not Vladimir's family tree, then the other Putins in Georgia ar<br />
<br />
1911 -- Birth year of both of Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin's <i>official parents, Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin and Maria Ivanovna Shelomovna Putin.</i> Adoptive? Foster? From 1960 on.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>This senior Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin is a distant relative of <i>Vera Putina'</i>s parents. </li>
<ul>
<li>Spoiler:<i> Vera Putina</i>, born 1926, of another branch of Putins (alternate biography Putins, alt-bio), see below, claimed to be the birth mother of Vladimir Putin, born 1950, with revelations beginning in 1999. She gave her illegitimate son to her parents for care and for his own safety and well-being after her marriage to a husband who rejected him; the parents in turn gave him for adoption or fosterage to <i>Vladimir and Maria</i> in St. Petersburg in 1960, where he was raised from 1960 through school. </li>
<ul>
<li>No information before that -- see <a href="http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0">http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0</a>/</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Also unknown (so far), information on the <i>alt-bio</i> Georgia Putin family before 1911. What were the names of the parents of the alt-bio mother, <i>Vera Putin</i>. </li>
<ul>
<li>Name Putin is unusual. There is, so far, <a href="http://bogomilia.blogspot.com/2016/07/finding-rasputin-roots-and-heritage-the-ras-of-ras-putin.html">folklore</a> as to naming customs for illegitimate children also cited at <a href="http://russia-ic.com/culture_art/history/3010#.WHqEihsrK00">http://russia-ic.com/culture_art/history/3010#.WHqEihsrK00</a>. Illegitimate children were given truncated names: Example, a writer Ivan Pnin 1773-1805 as son of Prince Nicholas Repnin. See <a href="http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/">http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pnin">Wiki</a>.</li>
<li>How about the name Putin. That originated with a clan of Putins, in Tver, see <i>russia-ic,</i></li>
<ul>
<li>Now apply that truncated naming custom to the Putins. </li>
<ul>
<li>The Ras of <a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/murder-rasputin-100-years-later-180961572/">Rasputin</a> 1869-1916. Tourists like learning about Grigori Rasputin, and we heard in Russia, on the bus and in talk at pubs, as now we find in <i>russia-ic</i>, that the first syllable of a last name was dropped as to illegitimate children, so that an illegitimate child of Rasputin would be "Putin." </li>
</ul>
<li><a href="http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/">http://www.pravdareport.com/history/31-08-2016/1528-putin_genealogy-0/</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><ul>
<ul>
<li>Now: That said (ahem) was Rasputin in the town where a woman lived who then gave birth to a Putin? If that happened in 1911, then perhaps Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin is really a Vladimir Grigorivich Putin, so that Vladimir Putin Sr. born 1911 may be a child of Rasputin? This is far-fetched, but so is life. See the alleged naming customs.</li>
<li>Vera Putina born 1926: a Putin branch that moved to Georgia? where <i>she </i>was born?</li>
<ul>
<li>Ancestry. Traditionally important in Russia, as elsewhere. A background of illegitimacy and low birth would prevent rising in the social ranks, for example. From concepts of <i>mestnichestvo</i>, stemming from centuries of a social and formerly legal force that fixed hieraracies of privilege for boyars, and newbies, those newly accepted in to the hallowed ranks. Boyars were just below princes. Today: rank, where it counts, is listed in something like the <i>Velvet Book</i>, (like our <a href="https://www.socialregisteronline.com/">Social Register</a>), see <a href="http://a%20hand-book%20of%20the%20principal%20families%20in%20russia%20originaly%20written%20in%20french%20...%20by%20petr%20vladimirovi%C4%8D%20dolgorukov/">A Hand-book of the Principal Families in Russia Originaly (sic) Written in French, by Prince Paul Dolgoruk</a>y, by Petr Vladimirovič Dolgorukov 1858.</li>
<li>No Putins there, and there would not be, given the stated ordinary origins.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>There is another angle; there are <i>Putyatins</i> in Tver. A clan of more noble persons. Then why are all the relatives of this Putin so poor, you ask.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
1926 -- Birth of alt-bio mother of Putin, <i>Vera Putina</i>, see <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a>, hers is a small Russian village near Ochyor, at Ural Mts. foothills. She went to school 8 years, then trained to become an agricultural machinery mechanic.<br />
<br />
1928 -- Marriage of official father Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin and official mother Maria Shelomova. In <i>Pominovo, </i>Tver. apparently. See <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a>, Other Putins are there, see general genealogy sites for names.<br />
<br />
Before WWI (date?), Putin's official father's family moves (from St. Petersburg? where?) to the village of <i>Pomiinovo, </i>in Tver, see <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a> (<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Pominovo,+Moscow+Oblast,+Russia,+142651/@55.4796577,37.7652729,8z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x414af64be9a07683:0xb693104a7ed230a4!8m2!3d55.4790065!4d38.8868129">map</a>: click to see its distance from Moscow). Putin's grandmother had been raised there. What was her name? Did Vladimir Putin Sr. and Maria Shelomova meet in Pominovo? Was she from there?<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Two sons: Viktor and ____________, each died of diphtheria, see inconsistencies, however, see <a href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/moving-tale-of-putins-mother-a-myth/news-story/3962abdc75597c84df4ec0db4cf1564a">http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/the-times/moving-tale-of-putins-mother-a-myth/news-story/3962abdc75597c84df4ec0db4cf1564a</a>' Assessment: Putin "deploy(s) the past in the service of power," as other politicians do. See article. [The issue becomes the coverup in order to "prove" the false story by destroying alternate views, see 2003ff).</li>
</ul>
<br />
Siege of Leningrad: Brother of Vladimir Putin, the unnamed elder brother, dies of diphtheria, see <a href="http://rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html">http://rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html</a>.<br />
<br />
WWII -- Official father, Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin,"participates" in the war, see <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a>, is involved in war sabotaging through the NKVD, blowing up bridges and rail lines, narrow escapes from Germans at St. Petersburg area, see <a href="https://www.rt.com/news/254445-putin-family-details-wwii/">https://www.rt.com/news/254445-putin-family-details-wwii/</a>. (RT -- Russian news source); and additional details include his having been wounded, rescued, at <a href="http://rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html.">http://rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html.</a> So there are apparently no military records of his existence? See <i>The Australian </i>site, above.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>WWII. Era -- [Not sure when they moved back to St. Petersburg, but apparently Vladimir Sr. participated in the war from there?) They move up, to "half of a house" at <i>Peterhof</i> (not, apparently, on the estate <i>Peterhof</i>, but refers to the town?). See <span style="text-align: center;"> </span><a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio" style="text-align: center;">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a>.</li>
<li>Unknown -- There were two sons of the official parents, according to the biography, see also <i>zeit.de</i>, Year _____-- Birth of first child, son ___________ (name? birthdate?) elder brother of Vladimir Putin, see <a href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/vladimir-putin-lost-brother-wartorn-9009408">http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/vladimir-putin-lost-brother-wartorn-9009408</a>. Died of diphtheria during Siege of Leningrad, see below. And then was there another? Both died. </li>
<li>Brothers: Viktor and Albert, both died in the 1930's. See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin">Wiki, Vladimir Putin.</a></li>
</ul>
1945 or so -- Family moves to St. Petersburg, lives in a 5th floor walk-up apartment, one room, in a communal building on Baskov Lane. (who remembers them from there?) Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin, is a <i>foster </i>father and not biological? Putin: Memoir, see <i><a href="https://www.rt.com/news/254445-putin-family-details-wwii/">https://www.rt.com/news/254445-putin-family-details-wwii/</a> </i>Records?<br />
<div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Upon return to home after his hospitalization for a wound, Mr. Putin demanded that workers return his ill wife to the apartment when they were in process of removing her, ill, and he nursed her to health there. She lived to 1998. Open up windows for each site and compare the inconsistencies. </div>
<br />
<div>
1950 -- Alt-bio. Birth of Vladimir Putin to <i>Vera Putina</i> of <a href="http://metekhiuni.edu.ge/eng/about-georgia">Metekhi,</a> Georgia, about 60 miles from Tbilisi. The idea has traction, see <a href="http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/was-vladimir-putin-born-georgia">http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/was-vladimir-putin-born-georgia</a>. See <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a><br />
<br />
1952 -- Official bio birthdate of Vladimir Putin, mother as Maria Shelomova Putina. Copies? Records? Date altered to make him 2 years younger because he spoke no Russian, and this put him in the class for learning Russian, see <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a></div>
<br />
1959-1960 -- A Vladimir Putin was registered at a school in Metekhi, Georgia at this time, see <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/blog/the-putin-file">http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/blog/the-putin-file</a>. Vera Putina's husband refuses to support him, now that the couple has a child of their own. The husband's sister gives Vladimir away. Vera Putina gets him back.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
1960 -- <i>Sister</i> of Vera Putina gives Vladimir to her parents for his own safety, and believes they then put him up for adoption with the distant relatives. See <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/blog/the-putin-file">http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/blog/the-putin-file</a>. Differing versions, who gave him to whom<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div>
1960 -- Vladimir Putin arrives at where? (accompanied by whom?), <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a>, is taken in by the official parents, who then move to St. Petersburg where he is raised. </div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>1952 -- Official birth date on birth certificate is changed. Documentation? Vladimir Putin as registered in 1960 in St. Petersburg. Was that for a formal adoption? Or just foster parenting?</li>
<ul>
<li> Apparently, the birth certificate was changed from 1950 to 1952 so Vladimir, who did not speak Russian at age 10, could appear to be age 8 and enter the classes for learning Russian more easily. See . See birth certificate? We learn, as Vladimir grew as a child. Maria Shelamova was a kindly person, and disliked Putin studying judo as a young person. </li>
</ul>
<li>Changed birth certificate? Does it shows Putin birth <i>in St. Petersburg</i>. Alternate birthdate: 1950, Georgia. Go vet. I have no idea. Some sites say he was an only child. Others say not an only child. There was a younger brother, and Wiki says two, see above; see <a href="http://rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html">http://rbth.com/politics/2015/05/07/vladimir_putin_reveals_familys_wwii_ordeals_in_magazine_article_45805.html</a> .</li>
</ul>
<div>
1960's on -- See biography summary, the traditional with no reference to Georgia, at at <a href="http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-3136.php">http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-3136.php</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
1960's -- Official father works as security guard, and foreman, at "carriage works" (records?) Did mother work? Yes, janitorial, and delivery for a bakery. Ordinary, low-economic level upbringing, one-room apartment (see <i>Vladimir Putin's Rise to Power</i>, biography at site and video), simple good food at home, lived with both parents,, a favorite was <i>petrushki</i>, Try a <a href="http://natashaskitchen.com/2014/06/18/sweet-cherry-filled-buns-vatrushka-recipe/">recipe</a>. Other sites say housing was rat-infested, walk-up.<br />
<div>
<br />
1960-1970,--
Putin's elementary school in St. Petersburg, No. 193; then High school: No. 281. Records? <br />
<br />
He only begins his biographical data from first-hand knowledge beginning.y after 1960, when he was already gone from Metekhi, says Vera Putina, in the article: see <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a>; .<br />
<br />
6th Grade: Joins <a href="http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/who-are-young-pioneers-and-what-do-they-do.html">Young Pioneers</a>, see <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
Curriculum:
focused on chemistry, technology. Sought to learn judo at 16. Mother not
pleased. Sought to join KGB at 16, told to come back later, after army
service or college, with a law degree preferred, so he prepared for that. Admitted in 1970, Leningrad State University.<br />
<br />
1975 -- Earns law degree, Leningrad State University, <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
1970's - 1980's -- KGB School No. 1, Moscow, <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
Career: Appointments followed, to Directorate secretariat, then counterintelligence, then operations personnel retraining, and further time in counterintelligence; moved on to Moscow training in foreign intelligence, back to Leningrad's First Main Diretorate (intelligence service with branches in major cities of the Soviet Union).<br />
<br />
Then to Germany with KGB, see <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3723826.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3723826.stm</a>,<br />
<br />
1983 -- Putin marries <i>Lyudmila Shkrebneva Putinova</i>, <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio </a><br />
Apparently, a certificate of marriage is not public information, see <i>http://frostsnow.com/lyudmila-putina</i><br />
<br />
1985-1990 -- Putin works in East Germany, with awards and promotions, see <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
1985 -- Daughter born, <i>Mariya Putina</i>, named after her grandmother, http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio<br />
<br />
1986 -- Daughter born, <i>Yekaterina Shkrebneva Putina,</i> named after her mother; in Dresden; <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a>, an acrobatic dancer; St. Petersburg State University;<br />
<br />
1986 -- <i>Yuri Dubinin</i>, Soviet Ambassador, discusses Trump Tower with Trump (seems harmless enough), see series of financial contacts thereafter, see <i>https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</i><br />
<br />
1990's -- Yeltsin starts dismantling the KGB, see <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/">http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/</a><br />
<br />
1990 -- Putin returns to Leningrad, in administration, foreign relations area, Leningrad State University, and various posts, St. Petersburg (now the name) city government, <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
1991 -- Soviet Union dissolves, CIS forms, Commonwealth of Independent States, see <a href="http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/cis.htm">http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/cis.htm </a><br />
<br />
1992 -- Beginning of line of killings of journalists in Russia, see <a href="https://cpj.org/killed/europe/russia/">https://cpj.org/killed/europe/russia/ </a><br />
<br />
1996 -- Vladimir and Lyudmila Putin family move to Moscow, Vladimir Putin begins political career, see <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
1997 -- Trump tries to have installed a Russian-made statue by Zurab Tsereteli, friend of the Moscow mayor, of Christopher Columbus (called <i>Birth of the New World</i>) in New York City. The enterprise fails there and at other cities approached, Miami, Columbus (Ohio?), and Boston; and was sent to Puerto Rico. See <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections</a>/ Its ultimate arrival: 2016.<br />
<br />
1999 - Appointed Prime Minister by Boris Yeltsin, <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a>, see <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/">http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/</a>; fosters FSB control at Russia’s borders, troops there, and electronic surveillance. Former KGB men move into institutions of state, and Russian business. See site.<br />
<br />
1999 -- Vladimir Putin became Acting President of the Russian Federation when Boris Yeltsin resigned, see <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Putin orders Russian troops into Chechnya, see <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a>,initiating the Second Chechen War (Chechens sought independence). See site.</li>
</ul>
<div>
1999 -- Vera Putina tells story that she is birth mother of Vladimir Putin. See <a href="http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=999_1394651893">http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=999_1394651893</a>. Rastam Daudekov begins to interview her, tape recording, notes, visiting several times. See Croatian site, <i>http://www.express.hr/top-news/najveca-putinova-tajna-da-je-otkrivena-ranije-ne-bi-bio-predsjednik-966</i>; translation from Croatian at <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://www.express.hr/top-news/najveca-putinova-tajna-da-je-otkrivena-ranije-ne-bi-bio-predsjednik-966&prev=search">https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://www.express.hr/top-news/najveca-putinova-tajna-da-je-otkrivena-ranije-ne-bi-bio-predsjednik-966&prev=search</a></div>
<div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><i>Vera Putina l</i>ives in <a href="http://www.advantour.com/georgia/tbilisi/metekhi.htm">Metekhi</a>, Georgia, near Tbilisi.</li>
</ul>
<br />
1998 -- Death of official mother, <i>Maria Ivanovna Shelomova Putina</i> (born 1911). <i>Seraferimovskoye</i> cemetery, St. Petersburg. Death of old age? What? <br />
<br />
I see no obituary, no cause of death, no funeral noted. Did Putin attend? Were obituaries or death notices not publicized? <br />
<br />
1999 -- Death of official father, <i>Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin</i> (born 1911). Death of old age? What? <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grave_of_Vladimir_Putin's_parents.jpg">Photo</a>, joint grave. <i>Seraferimovskoye</i> cemetery, St. Petersburg.<br />
<br />
I see no obituary, no cause of death, no funeral noted. No news found yet that Putin attended their burials.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Did either parent know that <i>Vera Putina </i>was claiming to be the mother of Vladimir Putin? It seems there were no interviews? Just the sudden deaths. Did Vladimir Putin attend funerals? I see no news. Are there the registration papers in St. Petersburg for when Vladimir came to live with them, or is that also contested. No idea. See 2008 ff. </li>
<li>Had they any contacts with the Georgia Putins during Vladimir's childhood?</li>
<li>Any information about their response, if they knew. Each would have been very old, about 88-90?</li>
</ul>
<br />
2000's -- Ilya Reznik notes high volume of Russian real estate deals east coast, US, see <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a> Tefvik Arik, also real estate tycoon, joins with Trump who then is amid multiple bankruptcies, for projects, see <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
2000 or so: Was there a time when his career required family history adjustments? Apparently so. See <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a>.<br />
<br />
Then evidence and people began to be removed. See poisoning in particular, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/21/world/europe/moscow-kremlin-silence-critics-poison.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/21/world/europe/moscow-kremlin-silence-critics-poison.html</a>. Here, plane crash, a run-over.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><i>Rastam Daudekov</i>, a Chechen, had interviewed several times Vera Putin, seen photos, received items. He asked <i>Artyom Borovik </i>and <a href="http://rumafia.com/en/dosje/241-deni-bazhaev.html"><i>Ziya Bazayev</i> </a>to come to Georgia, capital city Tblisi, to view a tape or tapes he had. They agreed to come.</li>
<ul>
<li>Russian opposition journalist <i>Artyom Borovik</i> (a/k/a Artem Borovik; generally critical as to govt) had earlier reported in an article that the <i>interim president </i>said: "There are three ways to influence people: blackmail, vodka and death threats." </li>
<ul>
<li>At the time, that position was held by Putin. See section 1, <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a>. </li>
<ul>
<li>I am looking for the article, and have gotten as far as <i>http://www.sovsekretno.ru/magazines/year/2000</i>/ but am not equipped to go further. Is the article there? Site from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artyom_Borovik">Wiki.references, Artyom Borovik</a>.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Others: <i>Ziya Bazhayev</i>, a Chechen and head of Alliance Group, a Russian oil enterprise, was also on that flight. See <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><i>Artyom Borovik,</i> a/k/a Artem Genrikhovich Borovik, was killed, age 29, along with <i>Ziya Bazhayev,</i> in a (suspicious? see obituary by Isobel Montgomery) plane crash in 2000, from St. Petersburg to Tbilisi, Georgia, see <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/mar/29/guardianobituaries.isobelmontgomery">https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/mar/29/guardianobituaries.isobelmontgomery</a>. Pilot was experienced, no other passengers except friend <i>Ziya Bazhayev,</i> and weather warm. </li>
<ul>
<li>Borovik is known for his book, <a href="http://www.groveatlantic.com/?title=The+Hidden+War">The Hidden War</a> (Afghanistan). among other accomplishments</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
________: Year? Putin goes back to Moscow to the <a href="https://espionagehistoryarchive.com/tag/kgb/">Andropov Red Banner Institute</a>. Trained for a trip to Germany. What was that? No years given in the bio.</div>
<br />
2004 -- Putin elected to second term as President, see <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
2004 -- Childhood teacher, Vera Gurevich, writes a memoir with Putin in it, after 1960, see <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3723826.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3723826.stm</a>, regular guy stuff<br />
<br />
2006 -- Poisoning death in London Alexander Litvinenko, opposition to Putin, see <a href="http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350">http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350</a>; see also <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/alexander-v-litvinenko?inline=nyt-per">https://www.nytimes.com/topic/person/alexander-v-litvinenko?inline=nyt-per</a><br />
<br />
2006? -- Marriage? of daughter Mariya to Netherlands businessman <i>Jorritt Faassen</i>, subsequent divorce? Just partners? BF? No more? See <a href="http://www.unian.info/world/1251587-putin-daughter-marias-private-life-disclosed.html">http://www.unian.info/world/1251587-putin-daughter-marias-private-life-disclosed.html</a>. Medical career. Is this reliable?<br />
<br />
2006 -- Assassination of investigative journalist Anna Politskovskaya, see <a href="http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350">http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350 </a><br />
<br />
2007 -- Reforms at FSB, see <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/">http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/</a>, re murky drug deals and business practices; not great results. Putin sets up another group, the Investigative Committee to deal with murders of high profile people like Anna Politkovskaya and Boris Nemtsov.<br />
<br />
2007 -- Trump launches luxury vodka line in Moscow, project ultimately fails. Marketing could have worked; see <i>Artyom Borovik</i> (a/k/a Artem Borovik) Putin opposition, having reported that the <i>interim president (Putin in that post) </i>said: "There are three ways to influence people: blackmail, vodka and death threats." See section 1, <a href="http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother">http://www.zeit.de/feature/vladimir-putin-mother</a>. Finding the article itself will take a Russian speaker.<br />
<br />
2008 -- Appointed Russian Prime Minister, <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
2008 -- Vera Putina discloses that she is the mother of Vladimir Putin, see <a href="http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/blog/the-putin-file">http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/blog/the-putin-file</a><br />
<br />
2008 -- Dmitry Rybolofev purchases Trump mansion in Palm Beach for 95 million, property purchased by Trump for some 41 pounds, say 50 million dollars. See <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a><br />
<br />
2009 -- Murder of Sergei Magnitsky, lawyer and auditor, investigating corruption in Kremlin, after arrest and while in custody, see <a href="http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350">http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350 </a><br />
<br />
2009 -- Sergei Millian, Russian-American Chamber of Commerce, claims to have brought much Russian money to Trump projects; Donald Trump son Eric Trump claims disporportionate Russian assets in Trump portfolio, see <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a><br />
<br />
2012 -- Elected president, <a href="http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio">http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/bio</a><br />
<br />
2012 -- US passes Magnitsky human rights law, sanctions against Russia in response to his murder, see <a href="http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350">http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350;</a><br />
see <a href="http://ipg-magnitsky.org/United-States-Magnitsky-Act">http://ipg-magnitsky.org/United-States-Magnitsky-Act </a><br />
<br />
2013 -- Aras Agalov, property mogul, signs 14 million deal to bring Miss America pageant to Moscow, later says has deal to build Trump Tower in Moscow, see <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a><br />
<br />
2013 -- Marriage of daughter Yekaterina, to Kirill Shamalov born 1982, at the Igora ski resort, near St. Petersburg, see details, consequences, financial connections among many players, charts, at <a href="https://www.blogger.com/married%20Kyrill%20Shamalov,%20see%20http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/russia-capitalism-shamalov/">http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/russia-capitalism-shamalov/ </a><br />
<br />
2014 -- Putin divorced from <i>Lyudmila Putinova. </i>Marriage: 1983, see <a href="http://frostsnow.com/lyudmila-putina">bio</a><br />
<br />
2014 -- Vera Putinova again breaks her silence as to Vladimir Putin, see <a href="http://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/26595-putins-mother-misses-her-son.html">http://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/26595-putins-mother-misses-her-son.html</a>.<br />
<br />
2014 -- Trump claims to have spoken directly and indirectly with Putin, see <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a>, later denies.<br />
<br />
2014 -- Paul Manafort works for pro-Russian president Yanukovich, then ousted, payments become in issue after off-books entries, some 12 million paid or owed? found. See <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a><br />
<br />
2014 -- Interview in Georgia with Vera Putina, details of his childhood, see <a href="http://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/26595-putins-mother-misses-her-son.html">http://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/26595-putins-mother-misses-her-son.html</a><br />
<br />
2015 -- Murder of Kremlin opponent Boris Nemtsov, see <a href="http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350">http://news.sky.com/story/the-putin-critics-who-have-been-assassinated-10369350;</a><br />
see also Nemtsov and the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge, <a href="http://russiaroadways.blogspot.com/2015/09/moscow-bridge-from-kremlin-to-bolshoi-moskvoretsky-to-chemiakin-sculptures-bolshoi-moskvoretsmy.html">Russia Road Ways</a><br />
<br />
2015 -- March. <i> Un petit bebe</i>? <i>Alina Kabaeva,</i> mother, father Vladimir Putin? Denied? Affirmed? News false and true? Who is to know one from two. See <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/11471579/Vladimir-Putins-girlfriend-has-given-birth.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/11471579/Vladimir-Putins-girlfriend-has-given-birth.html</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Stories, reports of Georgia childhood, are accumulating, see also <i>World Affairs Journal, </i> <a href="http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/was-vladimir-putin-born-georgia">http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/was-vladimir-putin-born-georgia</a></li>
</ul>
2016 -- Successor agency to the old KGB, the FSB, now to be joined, called Ministry of State Security, see <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/">http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/</a><br />
<br />
2016 -- The Tsereteli statue of Columbus fostered by Trump but finding no home in the US is accepted at Puerto Rico, see 1999. See <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/19/christopher-columbus-statue-puerto-rico-zurab-tsereteli">https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/19/christopher-columbus-statue-puerto-rico-zurab-tsereteli</a><br />
<br />
2016 -- Fast forward to consolidating security agencies into the National Guard, Ministry of State Security, replacing old loyalists with new, see <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/">http://www.politico.eu/article/vladimir-putin-resurrects-the-kgb-moscow-security/</a><br />
<br />
2016 --Article: <i>Lobbyist advised Trump campaign while lobbying on behalf of a Russian pipeline company, </i>see <a href="http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/donald-trump-campaign-lobbyist-russian-pipeline-229264">http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/donald-trump-campaign-lobbyist-russian-pipeline-229264 </a>. Richard Burt also advises the <a href="http://www.alfagroup.org/about-us/">Alfa Group</a>, close with Kremlin and the Commonwealth of Independent States (<a href="http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/cis.htm">(CIS)</a>, see <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
2016 -- August. Putin's new interest (is that so?) Wendi Deng Murdoch, ex-wife of Rupert Murdoch, vacations with Ivanka Trump, True? Not vetted, just reporting the story, see <a href="http://www.dailywire.com/news/8373/ivanka-trump-vacationing-vladimir-putins-hank-berrien">http://www.dailywire.com/news/8373/ivanka-trump-vacationing-vladimir-putins-hank-berrien</a>. The <i>Daily Wire</i>? See the US market for "bias journalism," scroll down at <a href="https://realitycheck753.wordpress.com/2016/03/31/breitbart-and-the-daily-wires-25-million-dollar-trump-take-down/">https://realitycheck753.wordpress.com/2016/03/31/breitbart-and-the-daily-wires-25-million-dollar-trump-take-down/</a>. More fake news? Breitbart now on board.<br />
<br />
2016 -- <i>Paul Manafort </i>resigns, after disclosures of mystery off-book payments either owed, or paid, from Ukraine former pro-Russian president Yanukovich work, see 2014, see <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a><br />
<br />
2016 (August) <a href="http://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-is-already-helping-vladimir-putin-consolidate-control-of-ukraine-crisis-election-crimea/">http://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-is-already-helping-vladimir-putin-consolidate-control-of-ukraine-crisis-election-crimea/;</a><br />
Michael Flynn, appointed as a Trump national security advisor, has contacts with Putin, see <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/08/15/trump-adviser-michael-t-flynn-on-his-dinner-with-putin-and-why-russia-today-is-just-like-cnn/?utm_term=.25389eb6aee3">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2016/08/15/trump-adviser-michael-t-flynn-on-his-dinner-with-putin-and-why-russia-today-is-just-like-cnn/?utm_term=.25389eb6aee3</a><br />
<br />
2016 -- Carter Page, former banker, Merrill Lynch and advisor to Gazprom, resigns as Trump advisor. Out there is a "mysterious and unexplained trail of computer activity", Trump organization and email at Russian <a href="http://fortune.com/2016/11/02/donald-trump-alfa-bank/">Alfa Bank</a>, contacts and connections, Page and Manafort. See <a href="https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/">https://ig.ft.com/sites/trumps-russian-connections/</a> What are Manafort and Page doing now?<br />
<br />
2016 -- September. <a href="http://nypost.com/2015/03/15/swiss-media-reveals-more-about-putins-girlfriend-baby/"><i>Alina Kabaeva</i>.</a> Wedding ring worn in public, see <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3811854/Is-Putin-s-secret-family-Russian-president-s-lover-appears-public-wearing-wedding-ring-sitting-two-young-boys.html">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3811854/Is-Putin-s-secret-family-Russian-president-s-lover-appears-public-wearing-wedding-ring-sitting-two-young-boys.html</a><br />
<br />
2017 -- Contacts ongoing, see <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-trump-security-adviser-russian-official-already-talking-2017-1">http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-trump-security-adviser-russian-official-already-talking-2017-1</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Concluding so far: Compare leaders. Each with power to take us to war.</div>
<br />
Absolute power over others seems to dominate for Putin, money and attention seem to dominate for Trump. If nations go to war, let it be for reasons other than the personal satisfaction, compensation, or other need of the leader. <br />
<br />
Putin: His life goes on interspersed with extreme coercions, with new relationships, new career opportunities; but the extent of a drive to power in any individual is worth inspection where an early shaping appears to be in effect. We can learn from that, if it is so.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Imagine: If a child is made to feel like a sack of potatoes in his early years, insecure in surroundings even if a mother did her best for as long as she could, and than at about 7-10 years is repeatedly rejected (did he feel that? how could he not?) -- not only by her, and her husband, and the siblings being born to her, but by his grandparents, and sent off to strangers, that counts. </li>
<li>It also counts for all of us dealing with our children, sustenance, and etc. Attention must be paid.</li>
</ul>
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<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul><ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
E<span style="text-align: left;">nough probity is left as to evidence and information, to justify an ongoing look at Vera Putina, and how her son perceived the turmoil of his first 10 years. Independent corroboration is difficult:</span></div>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
</div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-40927027641504046102017-01-05T13:30:00.001-05:002017-03-25T11:21:23.324-04:00Political wars against facts. Hacking. Briefing for defense. CIA prepares for Trump.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimiCgTETwwteNn_EnjOL4H0BnR7pP9JU9PPAZ0f6xdg3WsQ9fNtKKIMVgAESnbgOKnlolbhydficHgbbqAVwxxw2lNhdxTpgs5wtioIF8UofTbIZV3c081PuHDOv62Y8js3krs4C5gt6-g/s1600/IMG_0827.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimiCgTETwwteNn_EnjOL4H0BnR7pP9JU9PPAZ0f6xdg3WsQ9fNtKKIMVgAESnbgOKnlolbhydficHgbbqAVwxxw2lNhdxTpgs5wtioIF8UofTbIZV3c081PuHDOv62Y8js3krs4C5gt6-g/s320/IMG_0827.JPG" width="320" />People's Drone in defense of facts. Spies on Trump and CIA: Briefing for CIA defense of facts in process. </a></div>
<br />
The People's Drone has scoped out both Mr. Trump and the CIA in advance of a big briefing by the CIA to Mr. Trump on security issues: Hacking evidence related to swaying the US federal election 2016, and pointing to Russian origins and even Putin direction; and range of feasible effective responses to deter such activity.<br />
<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The search for transparency, or if matters must be secret, with accountability and review by impeccably credentialed national interest third parties.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
The objective: Assess and brief. <br />
<br />
Assess the readiness of the CIA to defend against tactics of Mr. Trump, methods of disparagement, see <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/05/politics/russian-hacking-hearing-senate-republicans/">http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/05/politics/russian-hacking-hearing-senate-republicans/</a> as shown in his handbook: Act at all times to win and control, and to follow self-interest, regardless of service needs of the nation. Brief the CIA on defenses needed to counter the Trump playbook and keep debate on fact.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Mr. Trump's absolute reliance on precepts of Robert Green's 1998 book, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_zMW3EHnTEC&pg=PR9&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The 48 Laws of Power,</i> </a>see <i>Contents</i>, has already been established, see proposed delay or denial of inauguration as consequence at <a href="http://sassafrasthicket.blogspot.com/2017/01/no-inauguration-we-are-not-protected-the-signs-so-say.html">http://sassafrasthicket.blogspot.com/2017/01/no-inauguration-we-are-not-protected-the-signs-so-say.html. </a>The low-key <a href="http://sassafrasthicket.blogspot.com/2017/01/no-inauguration-we-are-not-protected-the-signs-so-say.html">haiku approach</a>, once hoped to be sufficient to focus the CIA's attention, has remained in the inbox. Time's a-wasting. Time now for the briefing itself on the imminent issue, hacking assessment.</li>
</ul>
Briefer: CIA Gentlemen and Ladies. Welcome. You look nervous. That is good. You indeed can expect certain behaviors at this meeting with Mr. Trump that have served him well, and ruined others regardless of merit, before, No journalist or political opponent has been able to meet the challenge of defusing him. Our proposal to you now is for concrete action: This three-step counter-process is to be used in real time, lest you, too, get swept away, and shrivel.<br />
<br />
a. Bring your crib sheet, below, as to Trump power-behaviors, to all contacts with Mr. Trump.<br />
b. Name each example as it occurs, and to his face,<br />
c Then go back to your agenda. Do you dare?<br />
<br />
The people will want to know from that meeting: Did he, when and how,<br />
<br />
Act modestly, to disarm you.. See #1.<br />
Fake trust. See #2.<br />
Hide his objectives. See #3.<br />
Use few words, act instead. See #4.<br />
Attack to protect reputation. See #5.<br />
<br />
Demand attention, repeatedly. See #6.<br />
Take credit for others' work. See #7<br />
Coax you to come up close, then attack. See #8<br />
Engage in action, never debate. See #9.<br />
Establish the financially successful among you and ignore the others. See #10.<br />
<br />
Make you dependent on him. See #11<br />
Fake transparency, even largesse, once in a while. See #12.<br />
Persuade on grounds of your self-interest, not duty or service. See #13.<br />
Fake friendliness, while spying on you for weakness. See #14.<br />
Demolish you, then or later, if you stand in his way. See #15.<br />
<br />
Make himself scarce, so you will worry. See #16.<br />
Use unpredictability as a weapon. See #17.<br />
Ready a cast of supporters to protect him from you. See #18<br />
Target the high-value mark, ignore lesser losers. See #19.<br />
Make no irrevocable promises. See #20.<br />
<br />
Look passive, then attack See #21<br />
Fake surrender then regroup. See #22.<br />
Aim well to maximize return. See #23.<br />
Act polite, then undermine. See #24<br />
Slide from role to role, and back. See #25.<br />
<br />
Scapegoat See #26.<br />
Entrap you into a dependency relationship. See #27.<br />
Act boldly. See #28.<br />
Plan the whole like a game. See #29.<br />
Fake effortlessness. See #30.<br />
<br />
Deal you <i>his </i>cards. See #31.<br />
Promote fantasy endings. See #32.<br />
Sleuth out and use your worst weakness. See #33.<br />
Act regal to get the royal treatment. See #34.<br />
Time any response carefully to suit his interest. See #35.<br />
<br />
Deny value of anything out of reach. See #36.<br />
Divert, entertain, to control attention. See #37.<br />
Blend in, while nursing your next moves. See #38.<br />
Be cool while forcing others to emote. See #39.<br />
Pay full freight if in long term interest. See #40. [he has a hard time with any full payment]<br />
<br />
Denigrate successes of predecessors. See #41<br />
Knock off the leader and watch the followers run. See #42.<br />
Weaponize seduction and oily persuasion. See #43<br />
Copycat to make you furious, then attack. See #44.<br />
Talk change but do little of it. See #45.<br />
<br />
Fake a flaw to show on occasion. See #46.<br />
Quit when ahead. See #47.<br />
Adapt, adapt, pretend to adapt.. See #48.<br />
<br />
And how <i>did </i>you respond.<br />
Now, straighten up and get in there and fight for the <i>people.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''</i><br />
<i>Merits:</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
Apparently the proofs meet the heavy standard of clear and convincing evidence to Russia in these ways. It could not meet the "beyond reasonable doubt" standard required for criminal prosecution, because noone was at each location, from the CIA as the acts were triggered. Even if the CIA had an eyewitness, that person's credibility could be shredded in the usual ways, by one determined to do so. See <a href="http://www.legalthree.com/law-school-notes/federal-rules-of-evidence-impeachment-of-a-witness/">http://www.legalthree.com/law-school-notes/federal-rules-of-evidence-impeachment-of-a-witness/.</a><br />
<br />
CIA, you would do well to prepare for Mr. Trump. He follows a handbook on taking and keeping power, regardless of the merit of any arguments pro and con. Know it. Use it against him. Without the playbook and its effects, he has to deal in realities. That is good for a President.</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-24423461993676303502016-12-29T12:38:00.001-05:002017-03-25T11:25:15.410-04:00Wars by exploiting populations. Settlements, deportations. Slaughter. All turf expanders.. Geneva Conventions.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
United Nations resolution against Israeli settlements; rancor, debate, recriminations, of course. See<a href="https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sc12657.doc.htm"> https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sc12657.doc.htm</a><br />
<br />
The issues go deeper. The issue for the United Nations will be not just the Israeli-Palestinian issue of inserting Israeli settlements on land claimed by Palestinians; but resolving it consistent with the occurrence elsewhere of the same tactic: where dominant groups invade, annex, infiltrate, occupy, dilute, deport, unseat, any who were there first as a majority at that time, and with impunity to marginalize them.<br />
<br />
A. If the Israeli-Palestinian issue is resolved so that Israel prevails in its <i>de facto</i> settling, why not then let any <i>de facto</i> occupier of land anywhere continue unabated. That means, a freebie. And that is untenable.<br />
<br />
<b>2</b>. The long ago abuses may be beyond redemption. Modern ones, adjudication pending as with Ukraine, Crimea. Bottom line 1 either way: The Great Powers have no clean hands. We/they are in the middle of it. For today, no nation dare intervene into warzones without consent to the entire enterprise of <i>occupation</i>. That is, unless the prime actor simply does not care about others. Occupation, however, has ramifications if we have backbone. Populations as weapons. That is already here.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>For the US, there seems to be a beginning to restoring uprooted populations to group health, autonomy, respect, again, see <a href="http://www.hcn.org/issues/48.22/how-obama-began-to-mend-broken-tribal-relations">http://www.hcn.org/issues/48.22/how-obama-began-to-mend-broken-tribal-relations</a>; but they remain largely on reservations, small voice to oppose others' economic development on their lands</li>
<li>For Russia, there seems to be no recognition or interest in making anyone whole again who has been uprooted (Crimean Tatars, for example; Ukrainians not Russian-cultured, see infiltration issues, <a href="http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2014/Russia-Ukraine-Nato-crisis/Ukraine-crisis-NATO-Russia-relations/EN/index.htm">http://www.nato.int/docu/review/2014/Russia-Ukraine-Nato-crisis/Ukraine-crisis-NATO-Russia-relations/EN/index.htm</a>). See initial response at UN on Crimea, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/world/europe/General-Assembly-Vote-on-Crimea.html">https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/world/europe/General-Assembly-Vote-on-Crimea.html</a>. Is that all there is? What about war crimes from its overt, broad intervention in Syria? What will the UN, what can the UN, do. </li>
<ul>
<li>What of our own occasional interventions. Should we have done more. With what repercussions to a resulting "occupation.".</li>
</ul>
</ul>
C. So, for Israel, it is game on. See <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/12/22/map-the-spread-of-israeli-settlements-in-the-west-bank/?utm_term=.af57bbf76e28">https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/12/22/map-the-spread-of-israeli-settlements-in-the-west-bank/?utm_term=.af57bbf76e28. </a><br />
<br />
These basic ABC's of incursion are important because war too often follows.<br />
<div>
<br />
1. Wars begin, proceed and end often with exploiting populations.<br />
<br />
Settlement, deportation, slaughter. In the old days, spoils of war and just plain force decided who won. Then, the now days, come subterfuge, insertion of disruptors, and adding dominant-language speakers into the desired territory. Straddling it all is the Geneva Conventions. Before active intervention may well come, in war-torn areas, long periods of population movement fostered to promote the interests of one side or the other. It is a global tactic. And no conventions prevented it before 1949, if it can be said that the conventions prevent anything at all.<br />
<br />
a. Americans move their English speakers into Indian territory, Spanish and French territory, and declare it theirs, buttressing their claims not only with force and long-term conflict, but with their own laws, judges. See <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/books/review/alan-taylor-american-revolutions.html?_r=0">http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/books/review/alan-taylor-american-revolutions.html?_r=0</a>. Read the book. Add supplementary acts such as forced deportations (the reservations).<br />
<br />
b. Russia moves its Russian speakers into Crimea, see <a href="http://euromaidanpress.com/2015/04/16/russia-de-ukrainizing-population-of-crimea-occupation-census-shows/#arvlbdata">http://euromaidanpress.com/2015/04/16/russia-de-ukrainizing-population-of-crimea-occupation-census-shows/#arvlbdata</a>, and that, combined with other migration of Russian speakers into areas of overall Finno-Ugric speakers at border of and in <a href="https://latvianhistory.com/">Latvia</a>, <a href="http://www.worldhistory.biz/modern-history/81630-estonians-nationality-estes-esths-people-of-estonia.html">Estonia</a>, Lithuania, see <a href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/europe-s-east/opinion/the-new-generation-of-baltic-russian-speakers">https://www.euractiv.com/section/europe-s-east/opinion/the-new-generation-of-baltic-russian-speakers</a>/ and into its own 'independent states' like <a href="http://www.worldhistory.biz/middle-ages/25019-karelia.html">Karelia</a>, <a href="http://www.worldhistory.biz/modern-history/80714-udmurts-udmorts-odmorts-ukmorts-vudmurts-udmurtjoz-votyaks-votyaki-nbsp-votiak-ari-arsk-people-chud-otezkaya.html">Udmurtia,</a> that used to hold majority ethnic populations. See <a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwealth/russians_ethnic_94.jpg">1994 map</a>, Who was supposed to be autonomous, how to dilute that privilege by diluting the underlying population, see <a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/commonwealth/russia_auton96.jpg">1996 map of autonomous areas</a>. See maps at Baltic area, <a href="http://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-estonia-to-slovakia">http://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-estonia-to-slovakia</a>, showing ease of access to West from Baltic states. Moscow: very far. How to buttress against nearby states gravitating west? Import speakers of languages farther east.<br />
<br />
c. Israel moves its Hebrew-speaking populations into territory Palestinians have claimed for years. See maps, <a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/security-council/index-of-countries-on-the-security-council-agenda/israel-palestine-and-the-occupied-territories/land-and-settlement-issues.html">https://www.globalpolicy.org/security-council/index-of-countries-on-the-security-council-agenda/israel-palestine-and-the-occupied-territories/land-and-settlement-issues.html</a>; timelines, for example 1967 to present, at <a href="http://www.passblue.com/2014/07/11/israeli-settlements-a-timeline-from-1967-to-now/">http://www.passblue.com/2014/07/11/israeli-settlements-a-timeline-from-1967-to-now/</a>; and 1900 to now, at <a href="http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.timeline.php?timelineID=000031">http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.timeline.php?timelineID=000031</a><br />
<br />
And so on. Population stresses, uprootings, slaughter.<br />
<br />
2. Can a nation merely intervene to protect civilians either inside others' boundaries in war, or even in peace, and then get out. <br />
<br />
No. It may lead to <i>occupation</i>, so tread softly. Our media ignores "occupation" issues, and focuses only on a narrow do this or do that, and retrospective fingers pointing. Nonsense.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The Geneva Conventions address how to deal with and protect civilians in wartime, raising the immediate issue of what is wartime, when it begin, when does it end, who are the adversaries, are they "countries," when does occupation begin for a winner, what if the area is not -- all the definitions, see the <a href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/385ec082b509e76c41256739003e636d/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5">International Red Cross</a> (now Red Cross/ Red Crescent)* on it all. Anyone who thinks intervention in order to avoid a catastrophe ends easily, and with limits to liability afterwards, has not read them. A nation intervening has to be prepared for the full panoply of obligations. And that is impossible to effectuate without, in the US, authorization for the action to begin with, and enough national support to warrant it.</li>
</ul>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgamRwNQhbKTUAbaUdEgmxzXHrH_s1IY-wVL6nrk9EAGSp5-h1GVSIv-L_XTiLRgeQxJ21o7cGp1dcGGjQJ6O3y_FhCw1tjnIE7oDQrYV9vBxALhzZDTfksTAttjc7L5dJOwjD-0CV-NHtP/s1600/100_2593.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgamRwNQhbKTUAbaUdEgmxzXHrH_s1IY-wVL6nrk9EAGSp5-h1GVSIv-L_XTiLRgeQxJ21o7cGp1dcGGjQJ6O3y_FhCw1tjnIE7oDQrYV9vBxALhzZDTfksTAttjc7L5dJOwjD-0CV-NHtP/s320/100_2593.JPG" width="320" />Prisoners, Geneva, Switzerland; Red Cross Red Crescent headquarters</a></div>
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* Geneva Conventions: See Convention 4, 1949 re civilians, at <i>International Committee of the Red Cross</i>, <a href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/385ec082b509e76c41256739003e636d/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5">https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/385ec082b509e76c41256739003e636d/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5</a><br />
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2. Read carefully the entire section on duties of the occupier, to the wounded, the children, you name it.. Without Congressional authorization for the entire enterprise, no President can simply dip a toe into no-fly-zone waters and expect that to be all. Any decision has to be made not on literalism from a prior set of circumstances but on full context and weighings of the time.<br />
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The war against literalism. Perhaps that is it. </div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-7849867657950264672016-10-11T19:48:00.000-04:002017-03-25T11:05:08.374-04:00Right of conquest. Extended to ideological wars against diversity. Udmurts.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Udmurts, an ethnic minority in Russia.<br />
Explore the <i>cry of havoc</i> in the political realm. Diversity-cide as ethnic groups become diluted, dispersed. </div>
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Attacks on language, culture, stamping out of difference, weaponizing idea of dissent as threat.</div>
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I. Background: Right of conquest against internal citizenry. Diversity becomes its own <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=casus+belli">casus belli</a>.<br />
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II. Russia -- Example, <i>Udmurt Timeline</i>. Conquered in 1505, see <a href="http://chowkafat.net/Chron/Chron9e.html">http://chowkafat.net/Chron/Chron9e.html</a>. Watch their language and glorious stamped out in favor of the deemed superior Slavs, Is that so?<br />
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III. US -- Example. Native Americans, other political opponents of the power-perpetuators. Watch their tolerance practices stamped out in favor of the deemed superior Whites. Is that so?.<br />
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IV. Conclusion. Effect of military cry of havoc applied to internal politics. Disastrous consequences for East and West/ Both destroy the diversity needed to preserve creative solutions of any society.. Conclusion. Politics usurps the old fervor of religious heresy-hunts and the cry of havoc to hit at diversity. Time to stop it.</div>
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<img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbpIg-wnA4NbXg4O_C_OeywbJn63UKbPUo0ZfC8NFUCiz6xlF8ETQRsb9UCHEf3iKnNR8MhnNydCA_3KXIOV6TD6ew_JpcMJBRr0tazm4_OjKfIEDW_Il_1WQorX8ovoai_t80Y6iMNsY/s320/100_2255.JPG" style="color: #0000ee;" width="320" /><span style="color: #0000ee; text-decoration: underline;">Right of conquest. Victor can shoot self in foot. View from underwater.</span></div>
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I. Background. Right of Conquest.</div>
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A. The right of conquest is historically venerable.and broadly recognized. It began as a <i>territorial </i>right to<br />
<br />
1) acquire land by force; and then<br />
2) sustain the power over it. First, cow the population.<br />
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See <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/conquest-international-law">https://www.britannica.com/topic/conquest-international-law</a>:/.<br />
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B. The right. The right of conquest is also used in assertion of ideological rights as a kind of "territoriality."<br />
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Acquire access to the education and shaping of a population's views, and sustain power over it just as though it were bounded land, even if the exercise of that power obliterates the culture -- destroys the land, if you will. Compel language uniformity, uniformity of institutions. The ideology is more important, is that so.<br />
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C. The process. Exercise right of conquest, for territorial ad/or ideological conquest, unrolls in roughly four stages:<br />
<br />
1) Invade (in modern times, this may be electronic controls and pervasive propaganda, not necessarily physical battalions);<br />
2) Prevail;<br />
3) Annex;<br />
4) Subjugate.<br />
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D. Examples Russia (US comes next). Import Russian speakers into Crimea, Russianize a section. Import Russian speakers into Udmurtia. Deport others. Russianize a previously ethnic state within the Federation.<br />
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Study methods and effects of language and culture destruction. Udmurts, a <a href="https://evolutionistx.wordpress.com/2015/10/30/genetic-history-of-the-finno-ugrics/">Finno-Ugric</a> population, different from the <a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/02/mysterious-indo-european-homeland-may-have-been-steppes-ukraine-and-russia">Indo-European</a>. In Russia (broad territory concept here) they assimilated this, and fled that, centuries ago, as best they could. The Udmurts, seeing siege coming, moved away from the busy rivers and into the vast woods, away from those who wanted their land and resources. They resisted those who would subjugate them and deny them their beliefs. See<a href="http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/"> http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/</a><br />
<blockquote>
Unlike Indo-Europeans, people thinking in the Finno-Ugric languages would, for instance, tend not to consider nature as an object, but rather, as a partner for coping with life. Nor are the cultures of the majority of Finno-Ugric peoples aggressive – throughout history, they have always tried to accommodate new neighbours, to the point where they had to migrate in order to maintain their own identity.</blockquote>
See<a href="http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/society/finno-ugric-peoples.html"> http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/society/finno-ugric-peoples.html</a> When to cry havoc? Against whom. When does the havoc result in diversity-cide, against internal participants in the culture, not external enemies. Dilemma for populations interested in diffuse power: How to keep power in play rather than fixed, for the sake of long-term stability and broader creativity, opportunity.<br />
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E. Examples: US.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>See Native Americans, see <a href="https://www.amazon.ca/gp/aw/s//ref=mw_dp_a_s?ie=UTF8&i=books-ca&k=Walter+L.+Williams">Walter L. Williams</a>, <i>The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture; </i></li>
<li>See goal of Donald Trump to defund the military's teaching strategic languages so its members can speak directly with partners. Go American, says Trump, according to his definition. See <a href="http://military.trendolizer.com/2016/04/trump-vows-to-close-pentagons-defense-language-institute-replace-with-american-language-institute-ar.html">http://military.trendolizer.com/2016/04/trump-vows-to-close-pentagons-defense-language-institute-replace-with-american-language-institute-ar.html</a>. Diversity-cide beginning at home. No excuse for that, say the rest of us. Political cri havoc is at least feudal, at most destructive of what makes us creative. </li>
<ul>
<li>Why preserve languages, the ability to see the world through other eyes, see other solutions? see <a href="http://theweek.com/articles/541609/why-fight-hard-preserve-endangeredlanguages">http://theweek.com/articles/541609/why-fight-hard-preserve-endangeredlanguages</a></li>
</ul>
<li>Surveillance. The grass covers all.</li>
</ul>
F. Diversity-cide.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Post-conflict diversity-cide, where the weaponry is not shelved after the election but remains aimed, is internal, and therefore more difficult to address as an issue others should be concerned for. Doors to information close. Diversity-cide means the targeting of the different, the opponent, by administrative fiat in East and West. <a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=cri+havoc">Cry havoc</a>, and loose, not the <a href="http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/105600.html">dogs of war</a> in the military sense of slaughter of a conquered city, but the ongoing, relentless political and even physical destruction of the fellow-citizen, who is different in gender, worldview, ethnicity, kept off the hierarchy of power ladder, the upstart, the competitor who must not succeed at all costs. Present power wins.</li>
</ul>
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II. Russia. Meet the Udmurts. Seek autonomy, enjoy red hair.</div>
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Overview: <a href="http://russia-ic.com/regions/4468/history/">http://russia-ic.com/regions/4468/history/</a></div>
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4000-3500 BCE -- Follow the Red Hair gene! Moves around with the travels of the domesticated of the horse, see details at <a href="http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/origins_of_red_hair.shtml#Indo-European">http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/origins_of_red_hair.shtml#Indo-European</a>. Udmurts, for example, the group we follow here, have, along with the Irish, "the highest proportion of red-haired people in Europe." See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zu5GpDby9H0C&pg=PA1956&lpg=PA1956&dq=Udmurts+are+not+Slavic&source=bl&ots=INW8m5ny0G&sig=1Ub2zTJ15i65Eec6ldmIIKcTIYI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ0LS9t_3OAhWDlh4KHcWJAngQ6AEITTAH#v=onepage&q=Udmurts%20are%20not%20Slavic&f=false">Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Vol 4, S-Z: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World,,</a> Udmurts, at pp.1953ff, by James Minahan (2002). Udmurts, whose land perhaps served as a ginger way-station. A handy example of a side-attribute, and one visible as it runs through history.<br />
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-1000 BCE <b>-- </b>Seeking "early iron period <i>Ananyinskaya</i> cultural and historical community," as antecedent to Udmurts, as found earlier, but is now gone. Why? Go knock anyway at <a href="http://en.welcome2russia.ru/russia/?id=2455">http://en.welcome2russia.ru/russia/?id=2455</a>.<br />
<ul>
<li>Added information can be found, however, at <a href="http://russiatrek.org/udmurt-republic">http://russiatrek.org/udmurt-republic</a>. See <i>The Ananyinskaya</i> that date from 1000 BCE, at the modern 'Elabuga' district (a/k/a Yelabuga, town also where the Kazan Khanate was defeated), with the <i>Ananyinskaya</i> culture comprised of the <i>Udmurt, </i>Mari and Komi-Perm peoples.</li>
</ul>
See, <i>Republic of Udmurtia, Welcome to Russia, About Russia, Udmurtia.</i><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Udmurt origins: <a href="http://russiatrek.org/udmurt-republic">Udmurtia</a>, <a href="http://russiatrek.org/tatarstan-republic">Tatarstan</a> (capital is <i>Kazan</i>), <a href="http://russiatrek.org/kirov-oblast">Kirov</a> areas, along major rivers. In that accessible area, invaders, other migrants, sought to overcome them, forcibly convert to Christianity. Udmurts fled inland, east, and north. No written language in this geographic area, see <a href="http://www.ancientscripts.com/ws_timeline.htm">http://www.ancientscripts.com/ws_timeline.htm</a>; multi-deist religion, nature-focused (need more info), including prayers and religious ceremonies (described as "poetic paganism". Artifacts show bright coloration especially in red, black and white; intricate patterns. Skilled at weaving, "artistic" wood processing, wood carving, see <i>russia-ic</i> site. They are not Slavic. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Zu5GpDby9H0C&pg=PA1956&lpg=PA1956&dq=Udmurts+are+not+Slavic&source=bl&ots=INW8m5ny0G&sig=1Ub2zTJ15i65Eec6ldmIIKcTIYI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ0LS9t_3OAhWDlh4KHcWJAngQ6AEITTAH#v=onepage&q=Udmurts%20are%20not%20Slavic&f=false">Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Vol 4, S-Z: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World, </a>Udmurts, at pp.1953ff, by James Minahan (2002). Resisted assimilation for centuries.</li>
</ul>
Their red hair: see <a href="http://www.theapricity.com/forum/showthread.php?91491-Origin-and-ancient-History-of-red-hair">http://www.theapricity.com/forum/showthread.php?91491-Origin-and-ancient-History-of-red-hair</a><br />
<br />
Origins: Finnic, Finno-Ugric, called "people of the woods"<br />
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862-880 -- Roots at the founding: Chuds (Udmurts, see <a href="http://www.memidex.com/udmurts">http://www.memidex.com/udmurts</a> and <a href="http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/">http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/</a>) a/k/a Tchuds joined with others including Slavs, Krivichians and the Ves in approaching the Rus (Varangians) to ask them to rule, according to the Russian Primary Chronicle written in the 1100's, see excerpts at<a href="https://www.blogger.com/%C2%A0http://pages.uoregon.edu/kimball/chronicle.htm"> http://pages.uoregon.edu/kimball/chronicle.htm</a><br />
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First record of Udmurts? Unknown. so far Udmurts flee other migrating forces. They did preserve their own rich, skilled, non-Slavic, non-Orthodox culture from the incursions of the ethnic Slavs and the religious Christian Orthodox for centuries. Smallfolk.<br />
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1150-1200 CE -- Outside settlers move into what is now Udmurtia. Who were they?<br />
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Identity of the interlopers. See <a href="http://www2.stetson.edu/~psteeves/classes/pritsak.html">http://www2.stetson.edu/~psteeves/classes/pritsak.html</a>/. That was the age of expansion of the Kievan Rus, a time of turmoil, acquisition, rule of tough. Identity? A belligerent view promoting primarily or even exclusively Slav roots serves current nationalism-purity, but not history, see site.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>This broad culture became a mix, not a monopoly. </li>
<ul>
<li>Still, there was no "Russia" so the Rus cannot be called "Russians." Old words used to describe Rhos, Rurikids, rowers, point north, See <a href="http://www2.stetson.edu/~psteeves/classes/pritsak.htm">http://www2.stetson.edu/~psteeves/classes/pritsak.htm</a>. </li>
<li>lThe "Rus" also can refer to the Ros River where southern Slavs lived, so words have similarities, suggest blendings. See <a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rus">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rus</a>/. More likely in the context, however, is <a href="http://journals.lub.lu.se/index.php/anf/article/viewFile/11746/10425"><i>Rus</i> 'eastern Viking' and the <i>viking </i>'rower shifting' etymology</a>, by Eldar Heide (2006): Vikings as 'men of rowing journeys,' a term predating sail.</li>
</ul>
<li>Overall, the Rus were a population mix of <a href="http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/varangians.shtml">Scandinavian-Varangian</a> rulers/ settlers/ traders/ raiders/ merchants/ tribute-forcers, mercenaries and eponymous Rurik's dynastic linebackers by inheritance (Rurikids). Some had lived in what is now northern Russia for generations, given the trading finds there and in Sweden from the era. See old trading town<i> Staraya Ladoga, series of town-building,</i> <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qDyOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4#v=onepage&q&f=false">The Age of the Vikings</a> at pp.105 ff. Those pages are well worth the detour to read.</li>
<ul>
<li>Refer to detailed timelines at <a href="http://russiacontextrussiaroadways.blogspot.com/">Russia Context Road Ways</a>, an effort in constant transition, comments and additions encourged. </li>
<ul>
<li>Summary concepts so far: First ruler Rurik and the subsequent Rurikids were joined by other groups there, often because those divided groups could not themselves unite for a common cause, or compel <i>others</i> to obey, or otherwise to resist the skilled Norse. Without no unity, loyalty, fast mobility, few access points to wealth (not the long-distance traders and fighters that the Northerners were), they wisely preferred to pay tribute and join in than die). Of little importance is whether their association with the Viking-sorts was completely voluntary -- hardly, given the might of the Vikings at the time. </li>
</ul>
<li>Slavic village culture. Slavs and others in the area ruled themselves as individual groups, and not over a larger whole. Disunity meant vulnerability and Rurikids filled the gap. Rurikids ruled Slavs and others in the purview until 1598. The Slavs, as the majority, however, offered grounds for unity with the Norse -- who adopted the language of the majority and so eased their own rule. Enter the joint venture of expansion, resource taking and profit. </li>
<ul>
<li>The conglomerate became all known collectively as Rus' or Kievan Rus', after the initial such designation clearly referred to Swedes . The Norse eased the association by absorbing languages of those they ruled, also easing their own ability to rule the often-fractured majority.</li>
<ul>
<li> <i>Kievan </i>designates the capital of the Rurikid Dynasty and its populations at Kiev, having moved south from Ladoga-Novgorod in latter 9th Century. A useful Everyman's site focused on the Norse is by Gunnora Sylvfrahar (is that it?) by the pen-name, would you believe, <i><a href="http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/index.shtml">Viking Answer Lady</a></i>, See index there; and then specialized topis <a href="http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/varangians.shtml">http://www.vikinganswerlady.com/varangians.shtml</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>See fine current assessments of evidence supporting the complex and skilled culture of the pre-Viking Varangians, the Vikings, and the ongoing rulers and their intermarriages, commingling, as they wanted, at <a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Age_of_the_Vikings.html?id=qDyOAwAAQBAJ">The Age of the Vikings</a>, by Anders Winroth (2014), there a google-book. Scroll down to the contents below and start in. Good start, at p 105, for the prosperous nature of the Viking involvement in the area.</li>
</ul>
<div>
1100-1450 -- Udmurts in a gap period so far, for us. Overall, I understand they fled invaders of all kinds and went into the deep forests. Is that so?</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
1489 -- Udmurtia is made part of what, <i>Muscovy</i> at that point? See <a href="http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/"> http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/</a><br />
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1552 -- Kazan falls to the Rus. Study the mix: an Eveeryman's history overview is at <a href="http://www.brego-weard.com/lib/MAA_491.pdf">http://www.brego-weard.com/lib/MAA_491.pdf</a>. The Rurikid Tsar Ivan IV, Ivan the Terrible, was 15, still a minor in 1546, when he declared his campaign against the city of Kazan. Kazan was the capital of a Bulgarian-Turkic-Tatar Khanate.<br />
<br />
The Rus, now no longer Kievan (having abandoned Kiev in the 13th Century, and not going back) were focused on Vladimir, then Muscovite. The Muscovite Rus prevailed over Kazan, defeating the Tatars, who had filled in the governance gap when the Mongols faded. See <a href="http://www.xenophon-mil.org/ruscity/volga/kazan/kazsiege.htm">http://www.xenophon-mil.org/ruscity/volga/kazan/kazsiege.htm</a>. Tatars remained a significant political group, however, and cultural, with intermarriage and retaining high positions.<br />
<br />
Source vetting: Who funds the <a href="http://xenophongroup.com/">Xenophon Group</a>?<br />
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After that, large settlements of Rus began to appear. See <a href="http://russia-ic.com/regions/4468/history/">http://russia-ic.com/regions/4468/history/</a><br />
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1563-66 -- During the reign of Ivan IV, Ivan the Terrible, the Udmurts came into the fold of Ivan's Russia. See overview of the reach of <i>Ivan the Terrible </i>by Isabel de Mariaga 2005, review at <a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vkwxv">JSTOR</a> at Chapter 10. This was the coercive tsar of the<i> Oprichniki,</i> the <i>Oprichnina</i>, see <a href="http://www2.stetson.edu/~psteeves/classes/staden.html">http://www2.stetson.edu/~psteeves/classes/staden.html.</a><br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li> See genetics, ethnic origins of red hair going back to the domestication of the horse era, and that, as I understand it, happened on the Mongolian steppes. Non-Slavic. Focus on something called the R1b tribe, at <a href="http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/origins_of_red_hair.shtml">http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/origins_of_red_hair.shtml</a>; and in particular as to Indo-Europeans, at <a href="http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/origins_of_red_hair.shtml#Indo-European">http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/origins_of_red_hair.shtml#Indo-European</a>. These folks have <i>moved</i>.</li>
</ul>
<br />
1625 -- Explore right of conquest as it evolved. <a href="http://lonang.com/library/reference/grotius-law-war-and-peace/gro-308/">The Law of War and Peace </a>by Hugo Grotius (Lonang Library Institute), <i>The Right to Rule Over the Conquered</i>. It rests with him to decide what he wishes the measure of his beneficence to be.<br />
<br />
Apply idea to East and West. Fast forward to 2014, Russia here.<br />
<br />
1792 -- The engrained rules of war of conquered peoples has long held that the victor (not a usurper) can impose on the conquered as he wishes, although prudence, conditions and need will modify how that is exercised by the wise leader, see <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zEFgAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=law+of+conquered+people&source=bl&ots=jS-h0SaAxb&sig=GFFatTrzmsVK0uOiCZsldmPGvCU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwierI349_bOAhXLFx4KHSbqAcAQ6AEILzAD#v=onepage&q=law%20of%20conquered%20people&f=false">The History of the Common Law</a>, by Sir Matthew Hale and Charles Runnington 1792, pp.71-77ff.<br />
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1850-1900 -- "Industry and culture" (whose??) bloomed in Udmurtia. An industrial revolution and renaissance all at once at this locale? Was this as populations were moved in, or moved in on their own, to man the new factories and mines? See <a href="http://russia-ic.com/regions/4468/history">http://russia-ic.com/regions/4468/history</a>/.<br />
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1900 -- The Conquerors' Old Boy's Club. <br />
<br />
Follow the origins of prejudice against the conquered. See, for example: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tayFAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA14&lpg=PA14&dq=Slavs+lose+their+hair&source=bl&ots=3bDh15MLsR&sig=DXWnvX3zJ7qTNTlMlCQ1UwDXH0c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0w-eKwPPOAhVJ1B4KHdK0AwoQ6AEIMjAD#v=onepage&q=Slavs%20lose%20their%20hair&f=false">A General History of Europe 350-1900 </a>(1900) by Oliver Joseph Thatcher and Ferdinand Schevill, traits of the Slavs and others with similar linguistic roots, but ethnologically differing such as Germans and Kelts (sic). The West has been long prejudiced against them, see pp.14 ff. Note the additional reference to the Ural-Altaic or Finnish-Turkic groups, Turanian (also claimed to be related to Turkish Mongols) including <i>Tchuds</i> at p.15. See Chuds and others at <a href="http://rbth.com/politics_and_society/2016/06/27/veps-finno-ugric-people-with-ancient-roots_606593">http://rbth.com/politics_and_society/2016/06/27/veps-finno-ugric-people-with-ancient-roots_606593</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>All these, whether Slav or Finno- are seen as flawed because they did not win or administer Empires, imposing themselves. They were not winners. They, as Trump would say, are losers in that view. They are tame or tamed, and never conquerors, (is that really so? we do see periods of battles) and that is the measure of their worth. They showed themselves as easily assimilated, lacking in effective "national" feeling, who elected rulers in war but never established a successful ruling <i>line</i> (this kind of "democratic" behavior of electing leaders as needed was seen as a pejorative, people incapable of contributing to "civilization." Is that so? </li>
<li>Is that the prejudice against small-folk like the Udmurts, or other ethnic groups overwhelmed, including in the US the ultimately defeated Native Americans, anybody enslaved, shunted aside.</li>
</ul>
1905 -- Russian Udmurtians also engaged in free-thinking activities; not all were puppets. See<i> Ivan Ivanovich Budiukov</i> 1905-1937 (also a graduate of the Azerbaijan Oil Institute), who worked with the brilliant <a href="http://russiaroadways.blogspot.com/2015/11/trinity-st-sergius-monastery-places-and.html">Father Pavel Florensky</a> at Solovki Prison, see <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uM2oAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214&dq=stalinist+sponsored+arts+russia+udmurtia&source=bl&ots=-8oGUla2r7&sig=o7QKVjUTz6ClZE43Kfk87FtT19Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVy4vYjPjOAhWBmx4KHTdFDkUQ6AEIODAE#v=onepage&q=stalinist%20sponsored%20arts%20russia%20udmurtia&f=false">Pavel Florensky, A Quiet Genius: The Tragic and Extraordinary Life of Russia's Unknown DaVinci</a>, at p.214 by Avril Pyman 2010. [I can only find a modern Aleksey Budiukov, not Ivan Ivanovich]<br />
<br />
1917 -- Bolsheviks control Izhevsk, capitol of Udmurtia, see <a href="http://broom02.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Udmurt%20Autonomous%20Soviet%20Socialist%20Republic">http://broom02.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Udmurt%20Autonomous%20Soviet%20Socialist%20Republic</a><br />
<br />
1921 -- Udmurtia, the territory, became the Votskaya Autonomous Region (no mention of Udmurts), see <i>ic-russia</i> site.<br />
<br />
In 1921 the territory of Udmurtia was proclaimed Votskaya Autonomous Region. The Udmurts remained of little interest until oil, gas and other resources appeared on modern radar during the Stalin soviet years. Study their Finno-Ugric culture, overcome, against the backdrop of their Slavic Indo-European conquerors, and find value to diversity -- to the "boreal" or northern ways -- too easily overlooked: We need them, need the diversity for coping with global problems, but the response is, so what, they are weak and we are strong.<br />
<br />
1929-1940 -- Industrialization increased under five-year plans, see<a href="http://broom02.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Udmurt%20Autonomous%20Soviet%20Socialist%20Republic"> http://broom02.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Udmurt%20Autonomous%20Soviet%20Socialist%20Republic</a>. What effect did this have on Udmurts, or were new populations brought in?<br />
<br />
1931-1941 -- Stalinism, Nationalism. In Udmurtia, there is an 80-year old state-sponsored nationalist (not tradition-bound or even referenced) <a href="http://www.udmurt.ru/en/News/021411_UNT.php">theater</a>, That puts the theater in the Stalin era. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iofLLrcDUzMC&pg=PA16&lpg=PA16&dq=stalinist+sponsored+arts+russia+udmurtia&source=bl&ots=FSEOrVR2a2&sig=H_DjY77LPq0ZFsGRopjjggrh_jU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVy4vYjPjOAhWBmx4KHTdFDkUQ6AEINTAD#v=onepage&q=stalinist%20sponsored%20arts%20russia%20udmurtia&f=false">Grand Theater: Regional Governance in Stalin's Russia 1931-1941</a>, by Larry E. Holmes, p.16, see references to Udmurtia at Notes 2-6; and Chapter 5 at page 107ff, resistance in a play.<br />
<br />
1934 -- the old Udmurtia, turned Vitskaya Autonomous Region in 1921, became the<i> Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</i> (UASSR). See <i>ic-russia</i> site.<br />
<br />
1941-1945 -- The Great Patriotic War (Europe's WWII). Industries were suddenly moved from Ukraine into the little Republic of Udmurtia in WWII, and stayed, displacing the Udmurts and bringing in vast numbers of Russian-speakers to benefit by jobs, from profits. See <a href="http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia">http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia</a>/, leading to its status today as "very industrialized," see site. Is that so? Apparently the Republic of Udmurtia still is 44% forest. Weapons: some 11 million rifles and carbines were made for the Red Army, more than the output of Germany; and industries were moved from Ukraine to Udmurtia, vastly altering the ethnic makeup of the area, increasing the Russian, see<a href="http://broom02.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Udmurt%20Autonomous%20Soviet%20Socialist%20Republic"> Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic</a><br />
<br />
1955-1956 -- Famine, Udmurtia, see <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfnWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA2224&lpg=PA2224&dq=labor+camps+in+Udmurtia&source=bl&ots=DaPFs06lbh&sig=E0V2zey_y0FHgJf7tNWSVquU2OU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjsh_6g0P7OAhVJax4KHRM6BOAQ6AEIUTAJ#v=onepage&q=labor%20camps%20in%20Udmurtia&f=false">Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations,</a> pp.1505-1506. See also language, religion, subgroups, urbanization topics at that site.<br />
<br />
1969 -- Oil discovered in Udmurtia. See AAPG Datapages, <a href="http://archives.datapages.com/data/rus_pet_geol/data/015/015003/119_pg150119.htm">http://archives.datapages.com/data/rus_pet_geol/data/015/015003/119_pg150119.htm</a>. Oil plants increased, see<a href="http://broom02.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Udmurt%20Autonomous%20Soviet%20Socialist%20Republic"> UASSR</a> (site attributes some information to Wiki, so vet)<br />
<br />
The Udmurt Autoomous Socialist Republic (UASSR) became the Republic of Udmurtia. See <i>ic-russia</i> site<br />
<br />
1993 -- <i>The Russian Federation </i>adopted its constitution of 1993. There were 21 Republics provided for, including Udmurtia, and based on nationality and/or places with 1-2 ethnic groups in the location. See <a href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/34.htm">Minority People and their Territories</a>, <a href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/34.htm">http://countrystudies.us/russia/34.htm</a> (1996). For full reference, see the <i><a href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/">Table of Contents</a></i> at that site.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>State of play: Udmurtia is located in the <i>SW Middle Volga cluster</i> of ethnicities that had been known in the former USSR as <i>The Mordovian ASSR,</i> or<i> Mordovia,</i> or <i>Mordvinia, </i>and now is divided into "autonomous republics" that also include the following specific ethnic groups-territories: <a href="http://russiatrek.org/udmurt-republic">Udmurtia</a>; <a href="http://russiatrek.org/tatarstan-republic">Tatarstan</a>; <a href="http://russiatrek.org/mari_el-republic">Mari El</a> (scroll down to the fine historical account there; and a photo of a fine and very old dacha, specimen of an elegant wooden country house); and <a href="http://russiatrek.org/chuvashia-republic">Chuvashia</a>. </li>
<ul>
<li> I use <i>Russiatrek.org here</i> consistency in presentation of these areas, and the photos.<i> </i> First "urban type settlement" -- 10th-11th Centuries with "fort, caravanserai and mosque". One tower remains of the fortress.There is a museum with found costumes, crafts, bronze, women's jewelry, implements, Bulgarian soldiers' accoutrements. See <a href="http://elabuga-city.ru/en/printarticles48.htm">http://elabuga-city.ru/en/printarticles48.htm</a></li>
</ul>
<li>The Republic of Udmurtia by 1993 was vastly reduced in Udmurt population by proportion, given increased migrations from elsewhere. The language itself was so seldom used by those remaining that it no longer became listed, and even the Udmurts themselves, those who remained, lost listing both as an endangered culture and as a 'functioning' culture, as well. All the Udmurts had of their Republic was the name. The official view of Udmurtia, a state-sponsored site at the University of Udmurt is blandly matter-of-fact and picture-postcard fine: 31% of the population is now Udmurt, 58% now Russian, 7% now Tatar. How has that changed over the decades, and why. See <a href="http://v4.udsu.ru/english/Udmurtia" style="font-family: "times new roman";">http://v4.udsu.ru/english/Udmurtia</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">. Some is explained at </span><i style="font-family: "times new roman";">Language and ethnic identity in post-Soviet Russia: An historical perspective</i><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> at </span><a href="https://www.uclan.ac.uk/research/explore/assets/UOA_30_REF3b_Williams_FINAL_11.10.13.pdf" style="font-family: "times new roman";">https://www.uclan.ac.uk/research/explore/assets/UOA_30_REF3b_Williams_FINAL_11.10.13.pdf</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman";">, noting the harsh effects of the Stalin years on Udmurts, their identity, self-esteem, with a kind of "affirmative action" program hoping to revive the culture, restore its respect. Is their religion really the Orthodox-Protestant-Other mix laid out so traditionally at udsu,ru, or does it remain multideist, see </span><a href="http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/" style="font-family: "times new roman";">http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/</a><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> Too many conflicting views,</span></li>
</ul>
1993 -- <i>Redbook</i>, by historians and linquists as to cultural groups in Russia. See the <a href="https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/introduction.shtml">1993 Redbook</a>, at <a href="https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/reference.html">https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/reference.html</a>. Note that Redbook, like in Red Square, means beautiful. Not originally a political color. See<a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slavic-languages"> https://www.britannica.com/topic/Slavic-languages</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Note that already Udmurts are no longer recognized as a tribe, they do not meet the imposed criteria of density of residence and numbers in certain bounds and Udmurtian not recognized as a dialect. The Udmurts are not even recognized as a language group. See <a href="https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/languages.html">https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/languages.html. </a> </li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
<li>Once there was talk of a list of endangered peoples, but that went nowhere. Roots get severed, people are forced to migrate, and generational life-web connections dissolve, and this seems to apply to too many to count, see <a href="https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/foreword.shtml">https://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/foreword.shtml</a>. </li>
<ul>
<li>Udmurtians somehow are not even included in the endangered people's list, because they must be somewhat above the criteria: </li>
<ul>
<li>"are not yet extinct, whose main area of settlement is on ex-Soviet territory, whose numbers are below 30,000, of whom less than 70 % speak their mother tongue, who form a minority on their ancient territory, whose settlement is scattered rather than compact, who have no vernacular school, literature or media." </li>
</ul>
<li>So, Udmurtians are better off than that, but not so well off as to be included linquistically as an identifiable group. Proverbial administrative slats to fall through. Bring back the Udmurts.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Do the <i>Karelians</i> fare any better?</li>
<ul>
<li>There are indeed criteria touted for who counts as not yet extinct by statistical measure, and that excludes, of course, the already extinct by statistical measure. From 96 peoples in the original Red Book, the number of statistically relevant cultures is down to 85. See the <i>Foreward,</i> above. Count the Udmurts out. </li>
<ul>
<li>Then why are the <i>Karelians</i> counted in? </li>
<li>Is it because Karelians are on a border Russia would like to expand, toward Finland, and nobody cares where the Udmurts are, except the Udmurts? </li>
<li>At least the Redbook is not seen as conclusive, just as a marker, given the impossibility of managing all the data. </li>
<li>The Foreward uses the term, <i>mutilated cultures</i>. Very apt.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
1995 -- See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rWB3Bv3vuyMC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=Kazan+Khanate+defeated+at+Elabuga&source=bl&ots=6icfF9cIOe&sig=YcV4Fhh-3fI9dgLFTthYvNRgrA8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjD7YuD-fPOAhXDGh4KHUvgALAQ6AEIOzAE#v=onepage&q=Kazan%20Khanate%20defeated%20at%20Elabuga&f=false">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization Yearbook 1995</a><br />
at pp. 130 ff (history of Udmurts and interactions with Russia)<br />
<br />
Other groups: Khazars <a href="http://www.khazaria.com/khazar-history.html">http://www.khazaria.com/khazar-history.html</a>. Are they now without identity because of the conquest of oldest Kiev, as happens to any in the way of another's empire. The Khazars did not impose any conversion on others. See <a href="http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/features/1.601287">http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/features/1.60128</a>. What would their language, customs teach us. See <a href="http://www.khazaria.com/">http://www.khazaria.com/</a><br />
<br />
2003 -- Law of Conquest update. Traditional East and West. Diversity as a value still matters not a whit, not among humans, not in the animal or biological world. Muscle wins. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ueDO1dJyjrUC&pg=PA175&lpg=PA175&dq=law+of+conquest+far+east&source=bl&ots=0TQubW1HV-&sig=jb2o1iu9eTUscNIjlSggMUGCC9g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX-rD-_PfOAhULqR4KHTZfC4wQ6AEIKjAC#v=onepage&q=law%20of%20conquest%20far%20east&f=false">The Right of Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice</a>, by Sharon Korman 2003: The topics cover many scenarios:"civilized" against "barbarian" (virtually no rights for the inhuman conquered), situation of peer state against peer state (some rights for the conquered, out of respect perhaps), and add conditions. Only in the 20th Century emerged with ideas of self-determination, the "non-annexation principle," legal and other case studies against acquisition by force after 1945.<br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
Udmurtia: Need specific years here, but the overview includes this: Oil and gas came along in modern times, along with weapons manufacture (AK-47's and Kalashnikovs in particular), And invasions of Orthodoxy into the Udmurts own religion were stepped up, to create uniformity for the new exploitation. See <a href="http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/">http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/udmurtia/</a></div>
<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
There were suddenly expanding markets as well for medical mud, peat, see site, and Russia changed its mind about leaving Udmurts alone; and also re sharing the fruits of their lands with them. </div>
<div style="font-family: "times new roman";">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Compare the dilution and diminution of the Udmurts with Alaska: Exploitation of resources resulted in corporations established to share the benefits with the indigenous. See<a href="http://www.ncai.org/tribal-directory/alaska-native-corporations"> http://www.ncai.org/tribal-directory/alaska-native-corporations</a></li>
</ul>
<br />
2013 -- History rewrite. New curriculum for Udmurtian school children, weaving Udmurts out of history. See "Unity with Russia" celebrations of the 450th anniversary of the 'voluntary' joining of Udmurtia with the Russians, see <i>The Children's Reader, Udmurtia Forever with Russia</i>, at <a href="http://philpapers.org/rec/ARCCAS">http://philpapers.org/rec/ARCCAS</a> (go figure 2013-450=Year 1563). Is that flowers and perfume view supported by history?<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Trickery over time works. Narratives repeated often enough take hold on those without resources or interest in vetting. See that tale, <i><a href="http://germanstories.vcu.edu/grimm/schneider_e.html">Seven at One Blow</a>: </i> The slow drip of trickery in narrative control attacking an opponent over time works better than the risk of peril in direct confrontation. The trickster enjoys a glorious, and deniable,ending, with none the wiser. Trunp knows.</li>
</ul>
<div>
2014 -- Films, survivors tell of life in GULAG's, Udmurtia, see <a href="http://rbth.com/arts/2014/07/29/victims_or_heroines_gulag_survivors_tell_their_stories_on_film_38465.html">http://rbth.com/arts/2014/07/29/victims_or_heroines_gulag_survivors_tell_their_stories_on_film_38465.html</a><br />
<br />
2014 -- Right of Conquest, see earlier <i>Law of War and Peace</i>, at 1535 here.<br />
<br />
How has this concept morphed in modern times? See speech of <a href="http://www.jamestown.org/regions/centralasia/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=42144&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=53&cHash=377ed0c543440239db55d887478f2c53#.V8y6oCgrLIU">Vladimir Putin re Crimea</a>, Eurasia Daily Monitor Vol. 11, No. 56 3/25/2014. It sounds similar on the surface to the <i>Law of War and Peace</i>, in giving an absolute power to be reined in by the wise. Putin expands "victor" , however, to include the unilateral exercise of right <i>later at will</i> to undertake corrective actions not taken properly at the time, in his view:<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>To retract, void a completed gift, void previous boundary agreements after an earlier war. </li>
<ul>
<li>East and West have confronted the issue. From ancient, then feudal, then "enlightened" times (did Russia grow through enlightenments, reformations, or fight them?) who has risen above victor-obsessions with a set of principles to guide rights to diversity; or is the world perpetually in feudalism. </li>
<li>The UN voices in its charger limits to <i>genocide</i>. but defines it too narrowly to make much difference. See <a href="http://www.preventgenocide.org/genocide/officialtext-printerfriendly.htm">http://www.preventgenocide.org/genocide/officialtext-printerfriendly.htm</a>. Expand the concept now that we have so few frontiers left, if any, for a conquered people to move to, to get out of the way.</li>
<li>Genocide by a thousand cuts. Udmurts. Still a genocide, broadly.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
2015 -- Hydrocarbon in development in Udmurtia, see <a href="http://www.rusmininfo.com/news/15-12-2015/missed-hydrocarbon-deposits-found-perm-region-and-udmurtia">http://www.rusmininfo.com/news/15-12-2015/missed-hydrocarbon-deposits-found-perm-region-and-udmurtia</a><br />
<br />
2016 -- Who is there to protest the destruction of a culture in little Udmurtia? Noone local. Russia is first in <i>inequality</i> among global major economies. Who are the millionaires in dollars? 62% are Russian. Who are the billionaires in dollars? 26% are Russian.<br />
<br />
Udmurts and language. Gender-neutral language, A good thing. To outside ideologues, however, that is A subversive disregard for what is gender A and what is gender B. However could we function without our divisions and hierarchy imposed by language and culture.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>In particular, Finno-Ugric, and other languages, are gender neutral as to nouns. Is that so? Vet. </li>
<ul>
<li>What? No masculine nouns or feminine, say the French? </li>
<li>You mean that there is some alternative in mindset and hierarchy to the strict masculine-feminine he-she, without being an "it", in English. Treason against patriarchy to think that the human is a composite.</li>
<ul>
<li> See <a href="http://translationjournal.net/journal/40gender.htm">http://translationjournal.net/journal/40gender.htm</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Heresy! How could we raise children to see the world in gender-neutral terms, may ask Mr. Trump who is fond, even gropes with, gender differences for his own dominance. His destruction of the military's <i>Defense Language Institute </i>would ensure more fully that no service person is exposed to thought processes different from American. </li>
<ul>
<li>And what would the partriarchally filtered Bible say if its patriarchism were exposed as mere cultural overlay on myth? End that discussion! End it! </li>
<ul>
<li>Divide the heretics whatever the ground. Kill them. Marginalize them out of statistical existence. East and West. <a href="http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/three/conquest.htm">Native Americans</a>, or Kurds, or Roma, or the formerly enslaved, or Uighurs, or Basques, anywhere.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
Explore further Udmurts and the hair. A great head of hair is a dominance issue, is that why the thinning shave their heads? To literally remove the issue? Where a group carries a distinctive feature (skin color, hair color) is it then a target for neutralizing<br />
<div class="tr_bq">
<ul>
<li>A human resource. </li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
<li>Old Irish lore venerates the redheads. Others claim that Scotland takes that cake, for the most redheads. Did the ones in Scotland migrate from Ireland? For Ireland, see W.B.Yeats, <i>Stories of Red Hanrahan,</i> at "The Celtic Twilight" at page 14, I think. Start at <a href="http://www.abroadintheyard.com/red-hair-genes-directly-inherited-from-first-redheads/">http://www.abroadintheyard.com/red-hair-genes-directly-inherited-from-first-redheads/</a> </li>
<li>Tracks of Migrations. Norse in Ireland (find Norse roots in Irish <a href="http://irelandroadways.blogspot.com/2009/01/bawnree-ridge-old-leighlin-coolcullen.html">Red Scariff</a>, we like to think). More important is the source of the first DNA. See <a href="http://thedockyards.com/red-hair">http://thedockyards.com/red-hair</a>/ </li>
<li>And the response to cultural destruction is Bibles? The victors move in and over them, and then have the goodness to translate the Bible into Udmurt, which religion the Udmurts have resisted for centuries, see <a href="http://www.udmurt.ru/en">http://www.udmurt.ru/en</a>/, and probably expect thanks.<br />
Why care about them? Because they are. See <a href="http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/origins_of_red_hair.shtml">http://www.eupedia.com/genetics/origins_of_red_hair.shtml</a>. Within those follicles is a microcosm of the great migrations and hirsute mutations of our common past.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
Impact: Russia offers "almost no room for the formation of the middle class". See <i>New World Wealth</i> 9/3/2016 cited at <a href="http://russiatrek.org/notes">http://russiatrek.org/notes</a> (I could not find the specific report there, but did not look forever). So the Udmurts remain exposed, as long as some survive, and will be soon gone, by natural causes, of course.<br />
<br />
Redheads. You are a world's treasure. See <i>The People With The Reddest Hair in the World</i>, <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29950844"> http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-29950844</a> (2014).<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>So, is that why the Great Red Udmurts, the stubborn cohesive ones who refused to come out of their woods to be converted and assimilated, are to be diluted in population now by migrations of others in, deprived of identity, and of participation in the development of oil and gas (see <a href="http://russiatrek.org/udmurt-republic">http://russiatrek.org/udmurt-republic</a>) resources in their area, culturally rubbed out, airbrushed out of Russian history? </li>
<li>Redheads, unite. You are all related, you are visible. You are non-Slavic, living reminders of the same kind of mixed past that all modern nations enjoy. Fight for your share of Russia. Assert the glory. And if there were no redheads chosen as disciples, why are redheads accepted to the priesthood. Ready? Go. If you can't fight, tweak. Argue that Slavs have thinning hair and can't stand the comparison with your flaming toppers. Argue that balding Slavs are now found out. Start a notice board for showing off your hair, while blurring parts to try to thwart facial recognition, Surveillance? Maybe just stay home and survive.</li>
</ul>
Can '<a href="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/vnVuqfXohxc?rel=0&%3bshowinfo=0">be together, not the same</a>' ever work, where diversity gets in the way of domination and profit.<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
III. US. Targeting of the different, A sampler.<br />
This also deserves a timeline, for Native Americans. In process. Start with <a href="http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/nativeamericanchron.html">http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/notes/nativeamericanchron.html</a></div>
<br />
US. Political diversity destruction. The Trump call. Immediate (and ultimate) trigger: Politicians take on increasing attributes of old warfare not against external invaders. Use the tools against one's own neighbors in citizenship, wield the political win, attack the mindsets, cultures of opposing value systems that do not threaten oneself, ubut only the supremacy of the victor's personal belief system. Frame the narrative, make pejoratives adhere by repetition where the facts do not do so.<br />
<br />
The attack follows decades of language manipulation. Spin. Propaganda techniques and using political speech as marketing tools. To shape narrative for economic and perpetuation of power ends diminish the available insights open to both sides in any transaction. Nonetheless Candidate Donald Trump seeks to terminate the military's ability to teach strategic other languages (not the "American" language) to its personnel. See <a href="http://article107news.com/trump-vows-close-defense-language-institute/">http://article107news.com/trump-vows-close-defense-language-institute/. </a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>That vow, to end the military's ability to communicate directly with strategic other cultures, echoes other cultures's attacks on difference as a threat to existing power. To follow through would reverse the progress of our 75-year-old <a href="http://www.dliflc.edu/">Defense Language Institute</a> that fosters direct communications between different peoples. The anniversary celebration for the Institute is 2016 at election time, see site. </li>
</ul>
<div>
Cultural destruction.<br />
<br />
The West has done the same with Native Americans, even with attempts at course correction, see <a href="http://www.satiratribune.com/2016/02/10/obama-giving-half-of-federal-land-back-to-native-americans/">http://www.satiratribune.com/2016/02/10/obama-giving-half-of-federal-land-back-to-native-americans/</a> </div>
The shot in the foot. Destruction of direct communication capability puts reliance on interpreters? What could possibly go wrong. Disregard of how other cultures addressed gender practice diversity. We need to know how they did it. There are lessons for us.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Regardless, watch the crosshairs move and a would-be victor, if he wins, shoot himself and the rest of us in the foot. </li>
<li>Still, the problem marches. Study how to minimize the damage. See moral theories of why or how to restrain rights of conquest stall, from lack of muscle to counter the winner on the march, see <a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/minorities-and-tolerance-central-and-eastern-europe-and-russia">https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/minorities-and-tolerance-central-and-eastern-europe-and-russia</a>. Military superiority is presumed to equate with moral, cultural superiority. Is it?</li>
</ul>
<div>
Other issues: Surveillance without probable cause. The vacuum cleaner of our lives. Inhibits thought. Stop it.</div>
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<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
IV Conclusion.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A filing cabinet of ideas.</div>
<br />
1. Right of conquest: Adjudicate the least intrusive means of restoring order, sustaining order.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Reassess the blind swath of the right of conquest, external and internal</li>
<ul>
<li> It is no ongoing wise or unlimited entitlement of a victor to fix dominance in perpetuity.</li>
<li>Ignoring species extinction is foolish enough, see <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/opinion/a-frog-dies-in-atlanta-and-a-world-vanishes-with-it.html?_r=0">http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/10/opinion/a-frog-dies-in-atlanta-and-a-world-vanishes-with-it.html?_r=0</a>, Human culture extinction does not even get a headline. Hello, Udmurts. </li>
<ul>
<li>Killing off what is needed for the long term, healing arts of the woods for example, for the short term, for the inquisitor, the crusader, the supremacist of any kind, to boast superiority over the so-called witch, the bitch</li>
<ul>
<li> which, ask the rich with their pockets. </li>
<li>Trump finds dominance, stalking, irresistible. Let the future take care of itself. Follow his dots, Where? Focus on a geographic area usually off-headlines, the Baltic. Focus on a language grouping not West-European mainstream: Finno-Ugric.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
2. Recognition of value in diversity. Preserve diversity in language, customs. Heresy is feudal. Nothing is heretic. Watch for the persistent attempts (often successful) by the victor to force the assimilation of the defeated into the religious, political system du jour, to force use of the victor's language. <br />
<br />
3. Educate against fear of loss of peripheral matters of identity. What is peripheral? A set place on a hierarchy, for example. Think circular, expansive, not linera.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Fear of <i>Dionysus</i> the outsider, from classical times. Watch the effects of the fear, of any form of destruction of a part of identity, the fear of allowing the <i>outsider</i> Dionysus (explore that idea at <a href="https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-destruction-and-language)">https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-destruction-and-language)</a> to come in. Mr. Trump dances well on the head of that pin, is that so. Further: Create a<i> false and imprecise </i>reasoning process, and reap the oft sincere but misled "revolutionaries" who follow and then become vandals. Heavy stuff.</li>
<li>Identity: Explore the bona fides.</li>
<ul>
<li> Are even those who identify with Slavs at root Slavic <i>speakers</i> but of different backgrounds, see for example, <a href="http://www.theapricity.com/forum/showthread.php?93923-Are-Russians-Slavic-Speaking-FinnsIs">http://www.theapricity.com/forum/showthread.php?93923-Are-Russians-Slavic-Speaking-Finns</a>/ Slavs were a majority, many groups in proximity to them, even over them, used their language because it was handier. Even the Norse who settled, traded, raided in early times were Finnish-Swedish, not speaking Slavic at the time, explore issue at <a href="http://www.anthrogenica.com/archive/index.php/t-5252.html">http://www.anthrogenica.com/archive/index.php/t-5252.html</a></li>
<ul>
<li>Is there a current cultural Federation agenda to promote Slavic-ness over all others.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<ul>
<li>Is Putin himself really a Slav, or has he, too, adopted Slavic-ness and overdoing it out of his own mixl? Enjoy <a href="http://bogomilia.blogspot.com/2016/07/finding-rasputin-roots-and-heritage-the-ras-of-ras-putin.html;">http://bogomilia.blogspot.com/2016/07/finding-rasputin-roots-and-heritage-the-ras-of-ras-putin.html;</a></li>
<ul>
<li>Idea also at<a href="http://bogomilia.blogspot.com/2016/07/finding-rasputin-roots-and-heritage-the-ras-of-ras-putin.html"> http://bogomilia.blogspot.com/2016/07/finding-rasputin-roots-and-heritage-the-ras-of-ras-putin.html</a> </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div>
3. Why pay attention to something less than overtly murderous genocide? Because it perpetuates a mindset of supremacism based on ideology not merit.<br />
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Can there be made political and
economic tie-ins, sanctions and rewards, fostering the preservation of diversity. Who decides.</li>
<li>Cultural
obliteration within a nation's boundaries is common, east and west.
Wiping people off the slate has been long justified as</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">
a) an internal
affair, not affecting one's neighbors, and so beyond international
reach; or <br />
b) an adjunct to nationalism by compelled conformity, seen
as necessary for a projection of power, or c) incidental to a claimed
right of conquest, even where a war by which a group was conquered is
long over.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Oppose the idea that the victor du jour, or du yesterday, can impose any
condition or deprivation (including forced religious conversions) in the
interest of the victor group. Resistance to cultural obliteration itself offers a new <i><a href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=casus+belli">casus belli</a></i>, reason to attack through media, networking, or at least to double down on forced assimilation -- yet again.</li>
</ul>
</div>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-44409551507138188662016-06-11T11:07:00.004-04:002016-06-28T20:33:49.096-04:00Wars of words. Battleground: The Mind. The Weapon: Framing. Track the elements of the Pocahontas Attack. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwe9iuE4V0b3xR1O1U-_b-v6GlEj2C0Q0zN9mi-nmXKqkDWYWGUXH7ZxSx1_Gp0NcsgrBT1vzuAaL2ndmt_zOA2kFevzn4AzDtNi167ntNuH83_J_2ZwppODT7r3Kx3BL96nxb9clVSVB5/s1600/IMG_0247.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwe9iuE4V0b3xR1O1U-_b-v6GlEj2C0Q0zN9mi-nmXKqkDWYWGUXH7ZxSx1_Gp0NcsgrBT1vzuAaL2ndmt_zOA2kFevzn4AzDtNi167ntNuH83_J_2ZwppODT7r3Kx3BL96nxb9clVSVB5/s320/IMG_0247.JPG" width="320" />Name-calling. Which way to go when your own experience is lacking, and you must rely on others' directions. Here, Moscow Metro. </a></div>
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Propaganda name-calling in wars of words can be dispositive where the events underlying are outside the personal experience of ordinary voters. They are led by repetition to rely on the conclusions of others. What are the components of effective name-calling. And what backfires? Study a specific, ongoing case: The Pocahontas Attack, personal framing of the other to humiliate, stop the voter from checking further. When does the truthy prevail, and what can bring thinking back.</div>
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I. Setting. The personal attack, the framing. Is the supposed connection rational, factual, or applied like flypaper to see who will attach to it before facts are neutrally vetted. <br />
II. Should the target respond. Is failure to respond an admission of a <a href="http://www.cc.com/video-clips/63ite2/the-colbert-report-the-word---truthiness"><i>truthiness</i></a>?<br />
III. Where there is a response, what are the best choices. What legal and equitable issues can be mustered.<br />
<br />
For the real Pocahontas, in the context of history, a timeline, and then the Disney fiction, see Pocahontas in Real Life, <a href="http://migratorypatterns.blogspot.it/2016/06/pocahontas-in-real-life-pocahontas.html">Pocahontas, Migratory Patterns of Cultural Tales</a><br />
<b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><strike></strike><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
SUMMARY</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
I. Setting. Incoming verbal framing attack. How to respond, to what,
when, in what order. Research sometimes shows that politicians, who rely
on pre-emptive <a href="http://www.uvm.edu/~jleonard/AGRI183/propoaganda.html">propaganda </a>name-calling, sometimes end ignominiously, <a href="http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/hoist-by-your-own-petard.html"> hoist on their own petards</a>. Sometimes the short-run advantage holds, however, making the dynamics and warnings surrounding the issue ever interesting.<br />
<br />
II. Should the target respond? Here, examine the course of a response to a specific name-calling as it is still in process, through a contemporary and specific election-year instance in the US.<br />
<br />
Political speaker Donald Trump calls opponent political target, Elizabeth Warren,<i> <a href="http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-doubles-calling-elizabeth-warren-pocahontas/story?id=39777914">Pocahontas</a></i>, in an attempt to humiliate, to diminish. The name is thrown forward, based on an earlier action of the target in identifying with a remote ancestor's race on a form, a pride in heritage. His view, apparently, is that she has no right to do so unless she demonstrates full legal documentation of membership in that racial-legal group, and without that, reference to mere family stories and small-documents tending to support is laughable and evidence of moral turpitude, both.<br />
<br />
III. Where there is a response, what legal and equitable angles arise.<br />
<br />
Analyze the setting again, and arguments. The power of name-calling is that a diminishing framing itself is a winner at least for the short run, because it sticks emotionally before facts are out; and presents a distracting <a href="http://www.bartleby.com/81/8473.html">dilemma</a> for the target, which is just what the speaker seeks. To counter that effect, can a target pull out of the hat a researched equitable offset, a defusing. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Donald Drumpf, or Donald Trump, stems from German roots, where his family denied those roots in changing their name from Drumpf to Trump. Mr. Trump, however, has claimed that he is of Swedish descent, raising questions of whether he is the proverbial pot calling the kettle black, hoisting himself on his own petard, and clearly without the "clean hands" needed to be critical of another whose "crime" is embracing, not denying, her heritage where there is a remote Native American connection or two. See below. </li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
DISCUSSION, DETAILS</div>
<br />
I. The nature of the attack. Personal, conclusive application of a descriptive term designed to humiliate, short-circuit any independent assessment, and run with the emotional joy of seeing someone put down without facts supporting and laid out.<br />
<br />
Why not <a href="http://uncleremustales.blogspot.com/2007/10/translation-wonderful-tar-baby-story.html">lay low</a>? Because truthy can win. Truthy needs to be offset or it will stick. Truthy is not justice or truth, Aim for those.<br />
<br />
A. Respond after careful analysis of what is involved, so the response is targeted. Analyze the claim. Beware <a href="http://www.cc.com/video-clips/63ite2/the-colbert-report-the-word---truthiness"><i>truthiness</i></a>. Isolate where any truth lies. Wars of words are wars of interpretation.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Truthy can win, where people a) are not alert and vetting, and most of us have no time for that all the time, and b) the actual facts giving rise to the opposition are beyond the ordinary direct experience of the voter. The voter relies on others to draw the conclusion</li>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>. Even blatant exaggerations rest on some<i> <a href="http://www.cc.com/video-clips/63ite2/the-colbert-report-the-word---truthiness">"truthiness"</a></i>, that concept of Stephen Colbert, the wispy aura of fact that gloms in the brain at the first salvo, obstructing later incursions of corrective fact. See <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/magazine/17FOB-onlanguage-t.html?_r=0">http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/magazine/17FOB-onlanguage-t.html?_r=0</a>. <i>Truthy</i> often wins the day -- "something truthy, unburdened by the factual."</li>
<li>Pithy and truthy: powerful, but maybe not true.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
B. Isolate the elements of that <i>truthiness: </i><br />
<br />
<i>Lay out events and interpretatons. </i>Here, Elizabeth Warren self-identified on a form as Native American, when anyone else would say she is White. Native Americans lived in broad swaths, with t Pocahontas' tribe, the Powhatans, toward the coast of Virginia and elsewhere, and Cherokee generally not coastal, see <a href="http://wsharing.com/WScherokeeTimeline.htm">http://wsharing.com/WScherokeeTimeline.htm</a> (scroll down to Cherokee country); or <a href="http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/united_states_indian_tribes.htm">http://www.emersonkent.com/map_archive/united_states_indian_tribes.htm</a> Someone could easily, I think, locate the states where the ancestor(s) of Elizabeth Warren might have lived. Part Cherokee, part Delaware? <br />
<br />
Mr. Trump is not suggesting, probably, however, that Ms. Warren<i> is</i> Pocahontas, but rather that any Native American is the same as any other, so call her by the name first to mind.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The issue is what that step, identifying with a remote ancestor, signified at the time. What was the communication for? Triggering discussion with a later interviewer, an embrace of heritage, with this unusual connection? </li>
<li>What facts support this particular recognition of heritage, what are the proofs, are they sufficient; or is this clear moral turpitude disqualifying her from whatever. A legitimate setting apart, a recognition of a largely forgotten or ignored ancestor, or exploitation of it? </li>
</ul>
Is this a racial epithet in this context? Calling a person of perhaps Cherokee/Delaware heritage by the name of one of Powhatan heritage? Failure to individuate? Probably. Another topic: forms of racism.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
</ul>
III. Response choices<br />
<br />
A. The legal response. Were rules, laws broken, and with what effect.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br />
Recitations of facts and figures are boring. Whether someone is "legally" a member of a racial group involves historical tracking of what portions of what racial-ness converges ultimately in this person or that. And that involves historical tracking of who set the definitions, what choices for categorizing themselves did people have under the "law" -- and what were the consequences.<br />
<br />
Better to tell a story back again. <br />
<br />
1. Response focused in law: Elizabeth Warren has little legal "fit" if she is required to support full membership in a group where a remote ancestor non-definitively was identified as Cherokee.<br />
<br />
But Justice has two sides -- <a href="http://www.britannica.com/topic/equity">law and equity</a>. Law, that rests on application of strict rules, comes to one conclusion. Equity, that tempers a harsh result of the law (among other functions) rests more broadly, on fairness, and if the adversary acted in some culpable or morally questionable way. See <i>equity,</i> below. <br />
<br />
a. Here, the target, Warren, did respond, and with a family story.<br />
<br />
She responded to the legal issue briefly and with what she had -- several factual examples underlying the family informal stories that there was indeed a great-great-great Grandmother of Cherokee or mixed Cherokee-Delaware heritage. See <a href="http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/09/24/warren-responds-to-criticism-over-heritage-in-ad/">http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/09/24/warren-responds-to-criticism-over-heritage-in-ad/</a> Those were two grounds at least for family lore. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>1894 -- Marriage license application, not the a license itself: The
<i> son</i> of O. C. Sarah Smith, (what was the name of the son?), applied for a
marriage license (what state?) and stated that his mother was O.C.Sarah Smith, and she was
Cherokee. </li>
<ul>
<li> O. C. Sarah Smith is a great-great-great Grandmother of
Elizabeth Warren. A photocopy of the application? Need to ask the <a href="http://library.nehgs.org:2082/search~S0/?searchtype=d&searcharg=Cherokee&sortdropdown=-&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBMIT=Search&searchlimits=&searchorigarg=XElizabeth+Warren">New England Historic Genealogical Society</a>. </li>
<li>Elizabeth Warren, by way of family lore, says he and his intended eloped because her father was unhappy with the Cherokee connection.</li>
<ul>
<li>The recorded reference erroneously was reported as being the license itself, first in the
Boston Globe, rather than the less-legally weighty
application, see <a href="http://legalinsurrection.com/2012/05/boston-globe-buries-correction-of-elizabeth-warren-132-cherokee-claim">http://legalinsurrection.com/2012/05/boston-globe-buries-correction-of-elizabeth-warren-132-cherokee-claim</a>/ [site as a marker pending location of original source]</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>1900 -- Census. One John Houston Crawford lived in "native American
territory" (which?) but listed himself as <i>white </i>on the census form. Mr. Crawford
is a great-grandfather of Elizabeth Warren, see <a href="http://legalinsurrection.com/2012/05/boston-globe-buries-correction-of-elizabeth-warren-132-cherokee-claim">http://legalinsurrection.com/2012/05/boston-globe-buries-correction-of-elizabeth-warren-132-cherokee-claim</a>/ [pending location of original report]</li>
<ul>
<li>What were his choices on the form? </li>
<ul>
<li>Note: Listings of "Whites" on official registers, vital statistics, differed as to criteria from state to state, with anyone with, say, a<a href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/mixed/onedrop.html"> drop of black blood</a> (what is that, black blood? Figurative only) compelled to identify as black regardless of appearance or minutia drop</li>
<li>One purpose of this designation historically, at least in Virginia, was to keep mixed race or nonwhite people from passing as white and especially then evading the Jim Crow laws.</li>
<ul>
<li>Note that Native American descendants of <i>Pocahontas</i> were treated differently, causing a relaxation of the laws as to what amount of Native American blood was acceptable and the person could still identify as white. </li>
<ul>
<li>Native American with 1/16 Native American blood (figurative) able to claim "white." </li>
<li> This is not always understood as people interpret census and other forms, as many take a form designation of "white" as being "truth" when it is only truthiness, manipulation of category for reasons of other agenda, see, e.g., <a href="http://www.pollysgranddaughter.com/2012/05/elizabeth-warrens-ancestry-part-1.html">http://www.pollysgranddaughter.com/2012/05/elizabeth-warrens-ancestry-part-1.html </a> See FN 1. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
b. Do those meet formal legal requirements for membership in a modern group? Probably not.<br />
<br />
The shortcomings of a legal analysis in a casual family lore story focus on how easily entities can manipulate the records being collected; or safeguarded, or since lost, see <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/05/is-elizabeth-warren-native-american-or-what/257415">http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2012/05/is-elizabeth-warren-native-american-or-what/257415</a>/; see also sources for research at <a href="http://www.weyanoke.org/historyculture/historyculture.html">http://www.weyanoke.org/historyculture/historyculture.html</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Virginia: an example of racial interaction among whites, Native Americans, blacks, as well as others. A place where several tribes lived, including Cherokee. Virginia allows these categories for a race designation: Over time, "white, black, free people of color, Indian." See <a href="http://www.virginiaplaces.org/population/onedrop.html">http://www.virginiaplaces.org/population/onedrop.html</a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
<li>1912 - Virginia establishes its Bureau of Vital Statistics. Its first Registrar was Walter Asbhy Plecker.</li>
<li>1923 - 1924 -- Walter Plecker fostered the Virginia: <a href="http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/lewisandclark/students/projects/monacans/Contemporary_Monacans/racial.html">Racial Integrity Act.</a> See FN 1</li>
<li>The designations and practices based on race in Virginia are well documented there, thanks to Mr. Plecker, another topic. Result: state goals determined the racial collection of data, not the actuality of racial variety. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
B. Response focused on equity, not only fairness of the charge in the context, but also the presence or absence of clean hands, see below, in the speaker. Here, Elizabeth Warren fares well. Follow the dots in this angle of the <i>Pocahontas Attack.</i><br />
<br />
1. Maxims of equity. Maxims or principles of equity are different from elements of a statute. Maxims of equity offer traditional fairness ways of weighing the behavior of each party as to each other and the situation, not just rules; and serve to bring about justice where the consequence of law is too harsh.<br />
<br />
a. Clean hands. Elizabeth Warren shows pride in her heritage by bringing out its components where it was a side issue, and over a century later, embracing the origins. Mr. Trump faults her for not toeing the modern line on what race she can claim. Ask, does he have, in the equitable sense, <i>clean hands</i>. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>1886 - Friedrich Drumpf. The father of Donald Trump, one Friedrich Drumpf, is born in Kallstadt, Germany, see <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3219262/Wills-millions-Americans-available-online.html">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3219262/Wills-millions-Americans-available-online.html</a></li>
<li>1902-05 -- Friedrich Drumpf emigrates from Germany to the US (NYC),. where he Americanized the German heritage name and took the name of Fred Trump. See <i>dailymail </i>site. Not sure of exact date of the name change. Information needed.</li>
<li>Drumpf-Trump later returned to Germany, married there, then returned to the US.. He and his wife moved back to Germany apparently, where he elected not to serve in the army there (according to news articles, not a formal German record yet), and had to leave and returned to the US where son Donald was born. </li>
<ul>
<li>Sources: See <a href="http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html.">http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html;</a> See also <a href="http://theweek.com/articles/580042/ancestral-immigrant-history-antiimmigrant-crusader-donald-trump">http://theweek.com/articles/580042/ancestral-immigrant-history-antiimmigrant-crusader-donald-trump</a></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<ul><ul>
<li>Oh, dear. That LA Times source has vanished: The LA Times deletes coverage? At whose behest? Click on the <i>LATimes site</i> <a href="http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html.">http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html</a> and find it has disappeared. Il est disparu! The LA Times deletes coverage? At whose behest, now that a "national" campaign is apparently revving up. Vet. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Screen: at</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html.">http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html</a> </div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<h1>
"Gone</h1>
The requested resource<br />
/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html.<br />
is no longer available on this server and there is no forwarding address.
Please remove all references to this resource.<br />
<hr />
<address>
Apache Server at www.latimes.com Port 80"</address>
</blockquote>
[I choose to retain the reference, having read it recently and recorded the URL] <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Further background: Claim of Swedish background.</li>
<ul>
<li> Mr. Trump claims in his autobiography, <a href="http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.710948">The Art of the Deal</a>, to be descended from Sweden. See <a href="http://theweek.com/articles/580042/ancestral-immigrant-history-antiimmigrant-crusader-donald-trump">http://theweek.com/articles/580042/ancestral-immigrant-history-antiimmigrant-crusader-donald-trump.</a></li>
</ul>
<li> <a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=uff%20da">Oof da</a>.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
I. Conclusion -- Wars of Words.</div>
<br />
Wars
of words, the puffing displays of rivals, are integral to persuading
third parties to take one side or the other. A litany of invective, imagery and pejoratives take their toll.<br />
<br />
All a target can do is be ready on the spot with fast and focused and accurate rejoinders, referring voters to a record, and letting it all roll off. <a href="http://www.uvm.edu/~jleonard/AGRI183/propoaganda.html">Propaganda</a>
tactics are routine, but not to be underestimated. Politics has become a spectator sport. Start keeping score. If a label is applied without specifics, reject.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>In this war of words, who knows if truthiness will prevail over truth -- at least be prepared to weigh in.</li>
<ul>
<li> The attempt to humiliate, discredit,
backfires on the speaker who may be found to have lied, have unclean hands, or relied on false
premises, shown lack of understanding or analytical capability. Mr. Trump's failure to assess the relevance of his own history in claiming<i> Swedish </i>heritage when he has German heritage behind him instead might be important, see <a href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/trump-mocks-warrens-native-american-heritage-claim-but-false?utm_term=.fnwmj7Gxe#.fpO3YRN5D">https://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/trump-mocks-warrens-native-american-heritage-claim-but-false?utm_term=.fnwmj7Gxe#.fpO3YRN5D</a> </li>
<li>Or not. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
At least some are interested. Already
discussed in the press, although the new election group apparently is sanitizing the reported record, is the family changing its name [as in the Limbachs becoming Limbaugh perhaps? see <a href="http://joyofequivocating.blogspot.com/2009/03/ein-feste-burgemeister-sunday-limbaugh.html">http://joyofequivocating.blogspot.com/2009/03/ein-feste-burgemeister-sunday-limbaugh.html</a>; and
denied the German heritage. Drumpf to Trump, and why the move here, see <a href="http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/world/europe/la-fg-trump-germany-20160321-story.html </a></div>
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FN 1 Virginia in particular: Designation of race for State's vital statistics purposes, preventing "passing" of Blacks as White, allowing "passing" of some persons with a fixed degree of Native American blood as White regardless, Virginia in particular. Research Oklahoma, etc/ <br />
<br />
1923 - 1924 -- Walter Plecker: Virginia. <a href="http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/lewisandclark/students/projects/monacans/Contemporary_Monacans/racial.html">Racial Integrity Act.</a><br />
<br />
a. Blacks.
Any black ancestor, no matter how remote, would result in the
designation of black for any descendant. The one drop rule. Purpose:
prevent black people from evading the Jim Crow laws by passing as white.
See <a href="http://www.virginiaplaces.org/population/onedrop.html">http://www.virginiaplaces.org/population/onedrop.html</a><br />
- 1946 re Virginia tribes. Walter Ashby Plecker, white supremacist,
promoter of eugenics, Registrar of Bureau of Vital Statistics, believed
no real "Indians" were left, only mongrels, seeking to escape status of
negro, facilitating intermarriage and attending white schools.
npa. "[T]here does not exist today a descendant of Virginia ancestors
claiming to be an Indian who is unmixed with negro blood." letter 1943,
Plecker, see <a href="https://lva.omeka.net/exhibits/show/law_and_justice/right_to_marry/racial_integrity_act">https://lva.omeka.net/exhibits/show/law_and_justice/right_to_marry/racial_integrity_act</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Blacks.
Any black ancestor, no matter how remote, would result in the
designation of black for any descendant. The one drop rule. Purpose:
prevent black people from evading the Jim Crow laws by passing as white.
See <a href="http://www.virginiaplaces.org/population/onedrop.html">http://www.virginiaplaces.org/population/onedrop.html</a></li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Native
Americans. Note that this one-drop block in Virginiadid not apply to Native
Americans, largely because of pressure from descendants of <i>Pocahontas</i>,
and her son with John Rolfe, Thomas Rolfe. They saw themselves as
descended from a Native American princess. Such a person, with Native
American blood, could have it in this quantity: 1/16 of Native American,
and no other non-white blood, was considered white. </li>
</ul>
Definitions:
A Virginian whose ancestry was 1/16 or less Native American were
declared white. Whites could not have one drop of black blood, but it
was acceptable if they had a Native American grandparent. See <a href="http://www.virginiaplaces.org/population/onedrop.html">http://www.virginiaplaces.org/population/onedrop.html</a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Virginians whose ancestry was one-sixteenth Native American or less were
declared to be "white" in the Racial Integrity Law of 1924. Whites
could not have one drop of black blood, but they could have a Native
American grandparent."
</blockquote>
Individuals with "any trace" of Negro blood were deemed to be colored,
no category of "Indian" put on official document records, so no choice
for the check, heritage as Indian was lost for many by administrative
act, nps, and <br />
<a href="http://pilotonline.com/news/local/part-bureaucrat-ripped-hole-in-tapestry-of-indian-history/article_a5284611-414f-52ea-979c-d7dd28b0fa1d.html">http://pilotonline.com/news/local/part-bureaucrat-ripped-hole-in-tapestry-of-indian-history/article_a5284611-414f-52ea-979c-d7dd28b0fa1d.html </a> <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Everyone had to register as white or colored. No other choice. No way to claim self as a tribal member. See<a href="https://lva.omeka.net/exhibits/show/law_and_justice/right_to_marry/racial_integrity_act"> https://lva.omeka.net/exhibits/show/law_and_justice/right_to_marry/racial_integrity_act</a>.
Penalties for refusal to designate oneself or child as colored: jail,
worse, see
http://pilotonline.com/news/local/part-bureaucrat-ripped-hole-in-tapestry-of-indian-history/article_a5284611-414f-52ea-979c-d7dd28b0fa1d.html </li>
</ul>
Those with 1/16 or less Indian blood were categorized as white,
and could marry whites. Eugenics: sterilization provisions, see<a href="https://acluva.org/10898/a-shameful-history-eugenics-in-virginia/"> https://acluva.org/10898/a-shameful-history-eugenics-in-virginia/</a><br />
<br />
1924 - 1967 when it was found unconstitutional, Racial Integrity Act passed, see role of Walter Plecker at <a href="https://lva.omeka.net/exhibits/show/law_and_justice/right_to_marry/racial_integrity_act">https://lva.omeka.net/exhibits/show/law_and_justice/right_to_marry/racial_integrity_act</a>/
re defining whiteness (not a drop of other blood, broadly); sexual
sterilization of inmates, state institutions, under certain
circumstances. What circumstances? prohibiting interracial marriage
etc, see <a href="http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/racial_integrity_laws_of_the_1920s">http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/racial_integrity_laws_of_the_1920s</a><br />
When
records are based on manipulated information, choices, data, a current
definition may all we can apply, but that does not mean it is "true."
See other tribes, Cherokee, and Elizabeth Warren, for example. If she
will have her cheek scraped, so will I. Deal? An ethnic share may not
change application of laws, but may verify family tales. <br />
<br />
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<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/politics/ct-donald-trump-elizabeth-warren-pocahontas-20160610-story.html"></a>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-39348777686446457932016-04-09T11:36:00.002-04:002016-07-21T10:25:42.020-04:00Peasants revolts and why they fail. How to undoom the efforts of smallfolk. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Smallfolk. How to un-doom peasants, workers, voters.<br />
</div>
Peasant revolts and worker uprisings generally fail, with minor and temporary changes in the lifetimes of the participants, if any progress at all. What they may win is often co-opted later, or defeated when weaponized assets pour into the opposers' coffers. Feudal ideas of who is worthy, who is not, who belongs in which stratum and shall stay there, do not change -- much. They just go underground. Smallfolk lose.<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CkCM5KuSnZAC&pg=PA275&lpg=PA275&dq=smallfolk+definition&source=bl&ots=EpCokGtQFs&sig=tDhShYFjJNRUMAn3Ehoj4Y1Ae2s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiCppay7IHMAhWDPB4KHRWpDlEQ6AEITTAI#v=onepage&q=smallfolk%20&f=false"> Smallfolk</a>. An idea not for entertainment only. Here, applied from a realm of <i>Public Spheres, Public Mores, and Democracy, Hamburg and Stockholm, 1870-1914</i>, by <a href="https://www.press.umich.edu/15535/public_spheres_public_mores_and_democracy">Madeleine Hurd 2003</a>. See overview also at J. P.Sommerville's <i>Popular Revolts</i>, <a href="https://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-11.htm">https://faculty.history.wisc.edu/sommerville/351/351-11.htm</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX5dKsKZ4gnbe9O-SbwweWzbpQ7kGNJ0Ui4J1OdG5s869iVlVh3c69xgbyHpu-ccAoxung1yoNdlZ1E_MIti3GjbPtAIcEaPpBi-zQoTcHqhXfvf8Y5zZRcb-RWCvxnjSbHzL-uLCscBXV/s1600-h/Peas.Upr.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" height="232" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5120444850199870386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX5dKsKZ4gnbe9O-SbwweWzbpQ7kGNJ0Ui4J1OdG5s869iVlVh3c69xgbyHpu-ccAoxung1yoNdlZ1E_MIti3GjbPtAIcEaPpBi-zQoTcHqhXfvf8Y5zZRcb-RWCvxnjSbHzL-uLCscBXV/s400/Peas.Upr.jpg" style="float: right; margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px;" width="400" />Peasants' Revolt 1515, Memorial, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Workers with scythes.
</a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
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<br />
<br />
So take a closer look at this string of failures, that still scrabble out enough progress for whole governments, eventually, to move, somewhat, but remain in danger of backsliding, everywhere.<br />
<br />
1. What do peasants want? Do they ask too much? Look at history: Early revolts do not seek the
overthrow of whole social and religious systems, but improvements in their lives: greater degrees of mobility,
enjoyment of what they produce, reliable, fair sustenance, dignity in life. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>If improvements for their lives are all they ask for, why do they fail? <a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Catch+22">Catch-22</a>. Peasants and workers fail in the short and long term because power relinquishes little or nothing voluntarily; and the peasants cannot compete at the time of the fight. Peasants may have enthusiasm, but they wield few tools -- just those of their trades, or some manifestos -- to force what the lords and owners will not concede. </li>
</ul>
2. What do peasants need in order to succeed? To get what they want from those not about to give it, peasants need the capacity and discipline to attack power on three fronts simultaneously: <br />
<br />
2.1. Unity. Strike at the unified wall of privilege.<br />
<br />
Peasants lose here, because they cannot stay away long: they have to leave, go back to keeping themselves and their families above water. They are more easily cowed, lack of education, fractured understandings. The powers stay unified, enforce a unified front against each other, and shatter the unity of the peasants on the march by force of weaponry (kill them), use of religious justifications (self-serving), and use of hierarchy-serving propaganda and fear. <br />
<br />
2.2. Deprivation. Somehow, make the rulers feel the pain of deprivation. Virtually impossible in a vacuum, but all-important. How creative can peasants be in persuading without imposing the conditions themselves?<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Deprivation is useful. It keeps people in line. From that position, how do mere peasants and workers strike at the virtually unlimited resources enjoyed by the powers. Yet, the powers as policy can and do limit the sustenance available to the peasants over time, by burdensome taxes and shares of crops to the lord (in exchange for some protection against outside enemies, but the balance of benefit to the lord in controlling the peasants tilts far beyond that). Health care is integral to sustenance. The sick are less productive than the healthy. Prevent health.</li>
</ul>
2.3. Role limits.<br />
<br />
How do mere workers and peasants contain money-making movement among the rich, geographically, socially, responding to what they will. Containing expectations, however, is useful. Keep roles out of reach. This is easy as to privilege: Limit the mobility of the peasant, tying him to the land and role upon it, and as to workers, isolation and creating debts to the company store, Add lack of affordable public transportation and access to information today -- keep the ghetto illiterate, unable to find jobs, unable to get there, etc. <br />
<br />
3. Here, examine some sample revolts, <br />
<br />
Chronology of some big revolts: all involving bloodshed, warfare except, so far, in the United States where the out-group warfare so far is focused on electoral remedies against in-group establishment.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>England 1381. FN 1.(arbitrary starting point) </li>
<li>Germany 1524-26 FN 2, </li>
<li>Slovenia-Croatia 1515; 1573 FN 3, </li>
<li>Russia 1773, 1905 FN 4, </li>
<li>United States (voter revolts, more peasants and workers, in process) FN 5</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
3.1 England. </div>
<br />
England's revolt of 1381 is laid out at <a href="http://www.loyno.edu/~history/journal/1986-7/milone.htm">http://www.loyno.edu/~history/journal/1986-7/milone.htm </a>and with the generalizations repeated about regulation of life in the varying strata of approved activity. The peasants, however, were not in a position, or did not have the ability, to articulate specifics: "The peasants had not formed a revolutionary doctrine, only the ideas of freedom, respect, and fairness in their attempts to support themselves." See <i>Loyno.edu </i>site. Large trigger issue: fairness of a certain poll tax, and in its enforcement. Numbers of those in revolt grew, and strategy began to emerge: "To rebel, arms in hand, to risk death in battle or on the quartering-block, men must not only be at odds with the old ways, they must have some hope of securing by rebellion a better condition of living."<br />
<br />
First proposed specific means: abolish the system of serfdom, or <i>villeinage</i> as it was known, see discussion at <a href="http://www.boydellandbrewer.com/content/docs/Decline%20of%20Serfdom%20revised.pdf">Decline of Serfdom in Late Medieval England from Bondage to Freedom, book by Mark Bailey</a>. In this, the villeins were aided not only by a cause that resonated, but also by disaster: the Black Death that made enforcement of the old ways nearly impossible. Obstacle: cultural belief that masters were divinely ordained to rule over underlings. The peasants at that time sought protection against exploitation, but not the removal of their king, Abolition of serfdom focused largely on justice and fairness, is that so? And treachery and force prevented their success, at least in the short term. See <i>Decline of Serfdom</i>.<br />
<br />
What documents are available that lay out specifically what the downtrodden in each revolt sought. A common grievance was the enclosing of common lands formerly open to peasants for their flocks, other use. See the Diggers of Warwickshire 1607, in the 1908, Vol II, <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qp44AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA161&lpg=PA161&dq=diggers+of+warwick&source=bl&ots=YC9ivSmi4R&sig=VjPts8qGccpT53ARe9Za8tOlgPo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi4xoD2nPrLAhWFQyYKHZo0DQMQ6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=diggers%20of%20warwick&f=false">The Victoria History of the County of Warwick, Warwickshire</a>, at pp.161ff. The leader, one John Reynolds, was hanged, drawn and quartered. See <a href="http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/hdq.html">http://www.capitalpunishmentuk.org/hdq.html</a><a href="http://www.historytoday.com/michael-lynch/emancipation-russian-serfs-1861-charter-freedom-or-act-betrayal"></a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Feudal. Social divisions. System, the understood "proper place" of each person, governing his aspirations, power to acquire and keep, everyday rights in a broader control system. Are current voter revolts against the establishment anywhere, any different today except for the taming of at least some violence through the ballot?</li>
</ul>
England 1381. Peasants' Revolt. See further overview at<a href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval-england/peasants-revolt/"> http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/medieval-england/peasants-revolt</a>/ The original source site is no longer available online, but a summary is provided at <a href="https://www.marxists.org/history/england/peasants-revolt/story.htm">https://www.marxists.org/history/england/peasants-revolt/story.htm</a>.
Political ideological groups seem to agree on the facts. Immediate
repercussion: noble backlash. Long term results: some betterment in
wages, attitude, as old feudal system weakened.See <a href="http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-history/the-peasants-revolt.htm">http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-history/the-peasants-revolt.htm</a><br />
<br />
How
many? Some 60,000 on the move, starting with reaction against the
Fobbing, Essex, poll tax. Enter the "mad priest" John Ball, and a
populist leader, Wat Tyler, followed by rebels amok, royal promises not
kept, but some advances made, see <a href="http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Wat-Tyler-the-Peasants-Revolt/">http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofEngland/Wat-Tyler-the-Peasants-Revolt. </a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
3.2 Germany 1524 ff. <i> </i></div>
<br />
<i>Leibeigenschaft</i>, see <a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&u=http://deutschland-im-mittelalter.de/Staende/Bauern&prev=search">Peasants in the Middle Ages</a>, as an extreme form particularly found in Wendish areas. Wends: an unusual source offers an acceptable history of the Wends, a fiercely independent-minded group, a gaming site, at <a href="http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/armies/III1a.html">http://www.fanaticus.org/DBA/armies/III1a.htm.</a> The course broadly paralleled the English, see this 1902 Encyclopedia: has scholarship changed? <a href="http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/S/SLA/slavery-12.html">http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/S/SLA/slavery-12.html </a>There is extensive history from the Marxist view at <a href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/peasant-war-germany/ch04.htm">https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/peasant-war-germany/ch04.htm</a>, leading to the 1850 revolts.<br />
<br />
1525 - Swabian Peasants, see <a href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=4323">http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=4323 </a><br />
<a href="http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=4323"> Grievances and Demands: The 12 Articles of the Swabian Peasants 1525</a><br />
Germany 1524-26. Peasant revolts in Germany, however, seem more closely tied to Reformation issues, the rebellion against authority generalizing into the secular as well as religious areas. Compare to England? It looks like the the movement to become religiously autonomous from the Pope began as its own issue?<br />
<br />
German Peasants' War. Freedoms encouraged by the
Protestant Reformation spilled over into drives for freedom from
landlords, the nobility. How many killed? Some 100,000. Opposed by
Martin Luther (unwilling to foster a distraction from the theological
issues he was pressing against the Catholic Church?), it was supported
by other protesting religious, such as Huldrich Zwingli and Thomas
Munzer, see <a href="http://www.emersonkent.com/wars_and_battles_in_history/peasants_war.htm">http://www.emersonkent.com/wars_and_battles_in_history/peasants_war.htm</a>; and <a href="http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-reformations-impact-on-germany.html">http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-reformations-impact-on-germany.html</a><br />
<br />
Luther's 95 Theses, read them at <a href="http://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html">http://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html</a>, spilled over in its challenge to authority and uncovering human-profit and power motivation in ideological holdings, to foster rebellions also of the nobility, see <a href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/peasant-war-germany/ch04.htm">https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/peasant-war-germany/ch04.htm</a> <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
3.3 Slovenia; Croatia 1515</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
1515. Peasant uprising, the Slovene Peasant Revolt. The Habsburgs had taken
control of the Slovene lands, taxes rose, defenses against incursions
by Ottomans were weak, systems of tribute and bonded labour (no freedom
to leave), nurtured discontent that became full-scale peasants' revolts,
see <a href="http://www.slovenia.si/slovenia/history/under-the-habsburgs/">http://www.slovenia.si/slovenia/history/under-the-habsburgs/ </a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
See followup, 1572-73 (a/k/a <i>Gubac's Revolt</i>, for one Matija [also first name Ambroz] Gubec, see <a href="http://www.os-mgubec.hr/documents_db/MatijaGubec.pdf">http://www.os-mgubec.hr/documents_db/MatijaGubec.pdf</a>; and video at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgXiIpMJKyA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgXiIpMJKyA</a>) where neighboring Croat peasants joined in revived revolts, continuing until early 18th Century. See history at <a href="http://www.os-mgubec.hr/documents_db/MatijaGubec.pdf">http://www.academia.edu/5982366/Historiography_on_Croatian-Slovenian_peasant_revolt_of_1573_with_special_regards_to_the_contribution_of_Nada_Klai%C4%87_
</a><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
3.4a Russia 1773-75; 1905</div>
<br />
Emilian Pugachev's Rebellion, see<a href="http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/files/2012/09/Pugachevs-Rebellion.pdf"> http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/files/2012/09/Pugachevs-Rebellion.pdf</a>. This was a political revolt, then triggering peasant support in response stemming from a rumor that Peter III had not been assassinated after all in 1763, and was alive and well among Cossacks, thus Catherine the Great was to be deposed.<br />
<br />
Feudalism: see the divisions of<i> soslovie</i>: the social order with the nobility, the clergy, townspeople, and
peasants, see <a href="http://www.academicroom.com/article/soslovie-estate-paradigm-and-russian-social-history">http://www.academicroom.com/article/soslovie-estate-paradigm-and-russian-social-history</a>. Although serfs in Russia were not technically slaves, their lot as a practical matter was similar as they were often bought and sold with the land, see <a href="http://www.historytoday.com/michael-lynch/emancipation-russian-serfs-1861-charter-freedom-or-act-betrayal">http://www.historytoday.com/michael-lynch/emancipation-russian-serfs-1861-charter-freedom-or-act-betrayal</a> <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
3.4b Russia 1905<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRLm_D5DifyafEIfBRF6bcHDShI2eWKD0p6gysw8OfisCDyBXfZK4UsA4mBjeebRSey76vP6xjY8RGcxHva17ocZd2__kUWRz47csNee5jT2FxJjyyVugyzA3yC99ebA7AGKybiWKPj07s/s1600/DSCN1777.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRLm_D5DifyafEIfBRF6bcHDShI2eWKD0p6gysw8OfisCDyBXfZK4UsA4mBjeebRSey76vP6xjY8RGcxHva17ocZd2__kUWRz47csNee5jT2FxJjyyVugyzA3yC99ebA7AGKybiWKPj07s/s400/DSCN1777.JPG" vv="" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRLm_D5DifyafEIfBRF6bcHDShI2eWKD0p6gysw8OfisCDyBXfZK4UsA4mBjeebRSey76vP6xjY8RGcxHva17ocZd2__kUWRz47csNee5jT2FxJjyyVugyzA3yC99ebA7AGKybiWKPj07s/s1600/DSCN1777.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Site of Bloody Sunday 1905, Palace Square, St. Petersburg, Russia</a></div>
<br />
Bloody Sunday, Palace Square, St Petersburg, Russia,
slaughter and prelude to Revolution. Heroes: </div>
Georgii Gapon, priest; Ivan Vasimov, worker; and their manifesto that never reached the Tsar who was not at home, and the Cossacks rode them down in Palace Square first. Bloody Sunday. Read, this one translated by Daniel Field: See<a href="http://academic.shu.edu/russianhistory/index.php/Workers%27_Petition%2C_January_9th%2C_1905_%28Bloody_Sunday%29"> http://academic.shu.edu/russianhistory/index.php/Workers%27_Petition%2C_January_9th%2C_1905_%28Bloody_Sunday%29 </a><br />
<br />
Then ask, now that time has passed, and a full revolution, sovietization resulted and failed, and is restirring: Did workers gain anything ultimately; or
did they exchange one autocratic individual as the system, for an
autocratic political party with autocratic leaders, as a substitute. See
<a href="http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/russian-revolution-timeline-1904-1905/">http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/russian-revolution-timeline-1904-1905/</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Russia came late to peasants' revolts -- serfs, and continued, see <a href="http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/peasant-uprisings/">http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/peasant-uprisings/</a> (Union of Toiling Peasants 1920, led by Alexander Antonov and the Tambov Province Revolt, with his army in blue, the Bolsheviks they opposed in red, the counter-revolutionaries in white (Antonov opposed the Reds, but did not necessarily support the Whites, either), and the Ukrainian nationalists in green. </li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Tsar Nicholas II happened to be out of town when thousands of unarmed
workers, hit with long-term economic slumps, financial drains of
ongoing wars far away, and horrendous working conditions, brought their
petition for improvements. They approached the Winter Palace at Palace
Square, St. Petersburg, in 1905. Theirs was not a demand for overthrow
of the government. Nonetheless, the Tsar's Guard panicked and fired on
the crowd, riding roughshod through them. See <a href="http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/bloody-sunday-1905/">http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/bloody-sunday-1905/</a></li>
</ul>
History
focuses on the Bloody Sunday images that followed: The slaughter of the
weaponless, who were on foot, and confronted helplessly with arms and
horsemen. And the Revolution followed.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
3.5 United States 2016. </div>
<br />
Peasants and workers and others now form, in this faceted democracy (oligarchic democracy, capitalist democracy, party-fractured democracy, semi-effective democracy) a set of voter groups. How effective will the tool or weapon of the ballot against power? See, e.g., <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/01/the-great-republican-revolt/419118/">http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/01/the-great-republican-revolt/419118/</a><br />
<br />
As in any other peasant revolt against establishment, ask each leader-in-running:<br />
<br />
a. How specifically will you attack and prevail against the unity of the establishment in issue.<br />
<br />
b. How specifically will you attack and prevail against the virtually unlimited access to fruits of labor, assets, ideology persuasion, of the establishment in issue.<br />
<br />
c. How specifically will you attack and prevail against the vast mobility of the establishment, to move here, there, in the cloud, into the home, to control which jobs go where, what ideas are tainted where. <br />
<br />
Voter revolts. Test the learning. Even where small changes are
sought and the means is there to provide it and avoid bloodshed, what
did power do. Do voters parallel the old serfs, workers, peasants in
what they want and how ineffective they may be in getting it, given
entrenched still-feudal powers. <br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>This is not a matter of marching with pikes. This form of voter
revolt will be beaten down with the greatest weapon of all: <a href="https://www.physics.smu.edu/pseudo/Propaganda/">Persuasion, propaganda</a>. Yet, persuasion and propaganda are exactly what the voters need in order to make inroads into power. How to deflect the unity, reframe issues so the advantage to the privileged becomes clear, if it can.</li>
<li>This means the ability to direct the medial. Power -- religious and secular owns the means of communication, as well as most production, and its shaping. </li>
<ul>
<li>Whether US, Russia, Middle East, women's autonomy, priorities of
ordinary people to live decent lives needs and with autonomy, requires<i> persuasion</i> on their side, and persuasion takes <i>money</i>. </li>
<li> In face of that, powers will keep them uneducated, religious groups
mask cultural dominance in their own interpretations of selected texts.
Stop them from unifying, restrict their access to sustenance, ghettoize
their living and their minds.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
Can Feudalism ever be defeated. Supremacisms are engrained in our minds too much, is that so. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Familiar are
generalizations about seeking improved remuneration, improved working
conditions, mobility, sustenance; and about social hierarchies in a
broad system of regulation. </li>
<li>Laws covered most everything in the feudal
system generally, dividing populations into boxes of rights and
non-rights, for peasants, vassals and liege lords, barons holding lands
directly through the monarch, royal charters limiting autonomy of towns,
soldiers, clergy, nobility, and royalty; other terms in this nice
dictionary of feudalism at <a href="http://home.olemiss.edu/~tjray/medieval/feudal.htm">http://home.olemiss.edu/~tjray/medieval/feudal.htm</a> </li>
</ul>
It is too effective a tool in anchoring status not to merit, but tradition. Conserve tradition, many say, out of fear. And so it goes.<br />
<br />
Conserve, conserve. How to beat that argument? Beat it where it gives rise to more unrest than a reaasonable accommodation might prevent. Go back to the weapons of the powerful, and use persuasion, workers and peasants, all the time, everywhere, as they do, <a href="https://www.physics.smu.edu/pseudo/Propaganda/ipatypes.html">https://www.physics.smu.edu/pseudo/Propaganda/ipatypes.html </a>propaganda: Feudalism: a system of classes and
roles, enforced by obligations and payments, see <a href="https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/feudalism.html">https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/feudalism.html</a> Enduring. Timeworn.</div>
<br />
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<article class="post-159 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-documents" id="post-159"><div class="entry-content">
<blockquote>
“Sovereign!<br />
We, workers and inhabitants of the city of St. Petersburg, members of
various sosloviia (estates of the realm), our wives, children, and
helpless old parents, have come to you, Sovereign, to seek justice and
protection. We are impoverished and oppressed, we are burdened with
work, and insulted. We are treated not like humans [but] like slaves who
must suffer a bitter fate and keep silent. And we have suffered, but we
only get pushed deeper and deeper into a gulf of misery, ignorance, and
lack of rights.<br />
Despotism and arbitrariness are suffocating us, we are gasping for
breath. Sovereign, we have no strength left. We have reached the limit
of our patience. We have come to that terrible moment when it is better
to die than to continue unbearable sufferings. And so we left our work
and declared to our employers that we will not return to work until they
meet our demands.<br />
We do not ask much; we only want that without which life is hard
labor and eternal suffering. Our first request was that our employers
discuss our needs together with us. But they refused to do this; they
denied us the right to speak about our needs, on the grounds that the
law does not provide us with such a right. Also unlawful were our other
requests: to reduce the working day to eight hours; for them to set
wages together with us and by agreement with us; to examine our disputes
with lower-level factory administrators; to increase the wages of
unskilled workers and women to one ruble per day; to abolish overtime
work; to provide medical care attentively and without insult; to build
shops so that it is possible to work there and not face death from the
awful drafts, rain and snow.<br />
Our employers and the factory administrators considered all this to
be illegal: every one of our requests was a crime, and our desire to
improve our condition was slanderous insolence.<br />
Sovereign, there are thousands of us here; outwardly we are human
beings, but in reality neither we nor the Russian people as a whole are
provided with any human rights, even the right to speak, to think, to
assemble, to discuss our needs, or to take measure to improve our
conditions. They have enslaved us and they did so under the protection
of your officials, with their aid and with their cooperation. They
imprison and send into exile any one of us who has the courage to
speak on behalf of the interests of the working class and of the people.
They punish us for a good heart and a responsive spirit as if for a
crime. To pity a down-trodden and tormented person with no rights is to
commit a grave crime.<br />
The entire working people and the peasants are subjected to the
proizvol (arbitrariness) of a bureaucratic administration composed of
embezzlers of public funds and thieves who not only have not concern at
all for the interests of the Russian people but who harm those
interests. The bureaucratic administration has reduced the country to
complete destitution, drawn it into a shameful war, and brings Russia
ever further towards ruin. We, the workers and the people, have no voice
in the expenditure of the enormous sums that are collected from us. We
do not even know where the money collected from the impoverished people
goes. The people are deprived of any possibility of expressing its
wishes and demands, or of participating in the establishment of taxes
and in their expenditure. Workers are deprived of the possibility of
organising into unions to defend their interests.<br />
Sovereign! Does all this accord with the law of God, by Whose grace
you reign? And is it possible to live under such laws? Would it not be
better if we, the toiling people of all Russia, died? Let the
capitalists – exploiters of the working class – and the bureaucrats –
embezzlers of public funds and the pillagers of the Russian people –
live and enjoy themselves.<br />
Sovereign, this is what we face and this is the reason that we have
gathered before the walls of your palace. Here we seek our last
salvation. Do not refuse to come to the aid of your people; lead it out
of the grave of poverty, ignorance, and lack of rights; grant it the
opportunity to determine its own destiny, and deliver it from them the
unbearable yoke of the bureaucrats. Tear down the wall that separates
you from your people and let it rule the country together with you. You
have been placed [on the throne] for the happiness of the people; the
bureaucrats, however, snatch this happiness out of our hands, and it
never reaches us; we get only grief and humiliation.<br />
Sovereign, examine our requests attentively and without any anger;
they incline not to evil, but to the good, both for us and for you. Ours
is not the voice of insolence but of the realisation that we must get
out of a situation that is unbearable for everyone. Russia is too big,
her needs are to diverse and many, for her to be ruled only by
bureaucrats. We need popular representation; it is necessary for the
people to help itself and to administer itself. After all, only the
people knows its real needs… Let the capitalist be there, and the
worker, and the bureaucrat, and the priest, and the doctor and the
teacher. Let everyone, whoever they are, elect their representatives.
Let everyone be free and equal in his voting rights, and to that end
order that elections to the Constituent Assembly be conducted under
universal, secret and equal suffrage…<br />
The following are necessary:<br />
I. Measures against the ignorance of the Russian people and against its lack of rights<br />
1. Immediate freedom and return home for all those who have suffered
for their political and religious convictions, for strike activity, and
for peasant disorders.<br />
2. Immediate proclamation of the freedom and inviolability of the
person, of freedom of speech and of the press, of freedom of assembly,
and of freedom of conscience in matters of religion.<br />
3. Universal and compulsory public education at state expense.<br />
4. Accountability of government ministers to the people and a guarantee of lawful administration.<br />
5. Equality of all before the law without exception.<br />
6. Separation of church and state<br />
II. Measures against the poverty of the people<br />
1. Abolition of indirect taxes and their replacement by a direct, progressive income tax.<br />
2. Abolition of redemption payments, cheap credit, and the gradual transfer of land to the people.<br />
3. Naval Ministry contracts should be filled in Russia, not abroad.<br />
4. Termination of the war according to the will of the people.<br />
II. Measures against the oppression of labor by capital<br />
1. Abolition of the office of factory inspector.<br />
2. Establishment in factories and plants of permanent commissions
elected by the workers, which jointly with the administration are to
investigate all complaints coming from individual workers. A worker
cannot be fired except by a resolution of this commission.<br />
3. Freedom for producer-consumer cooperatives and workers’ trade unions, at once.<br />
4. An eight-hour working day and regulation of overtime work.<br />
5. Freedom for labor to struggle with capital, at once.<br />
6. Wage regulation, at once.<br />
7. Guaranteed participation of representatives of the working classes in drafting a law on state insurance for workers, at once.<br />
These, sovereign, are our main needs, about which we have come to
you… Give the order, swear to meet these needs, and you will make Russia
both happy and glorious, and your name will be fixed in our hearts and
the hearts of our posterity for all time. But if you do not give the
order, if you do not respond to our prayer, then we shall die here, on
this square, in front of your palace. We have nowhere else to go and no
reason to. There are only two roads for us, one to freedom and
happiness, the other to the grave. Let our lives be sacrificed for
suffering Russia. We do not regret that sacrifice, we embrace it
eagerly.<br />
Georgii Gapon, priest<br />
Ivan Vasimov, worker.”</blockquote>
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<blockquote>
“Sovereign!<br />
We, workers and inhabitants of the city of St. Petersburg, members of
various sosloviia (estates of the realm), our wives, children, and
helpless old parents, have come to you, Sovereign, to seek justice and
protection. We are impoverished and oppressed, we are burdened with
work, and insulted. We are treated not like humans [but] like slaves who
must suffer a bitter fate and keep silent. And we have suffered, but we
only get pushed deeper and deeper into a gulf of misery, ignorance, and
lack of rights.<br />
Despotism and arbitrariness are suffocating us, we are gasping for
breath. Sovereign, we have no strength left. We have reached the limit
of our patience. We have come to that terrible moment when it is better
to die than to continue unbearable sufferings. And so we left our work
and declared to our employers that we will not return to work until they
meet our demands.<br />
We do not ask much; we only want that without which life is hard
labor and eternal suffering. Our first request was that our employers
discuss our needs together with us. But they refused to do this; they
denied us the right to speak about our needs, on the grounds that the
law does not provide us with such a right. Also unlawful were our other
requests: to reduce the working day to eight hours; for them to set
wages together with us and by agreement with us; to examine our disputes
with lower-level factory administrators; to increase the wages of
unskilled workers and women to one ruble per day; to abolish overtime
work; to provide medical care attentively and without insult; to build
shops so that it is possible to work there and not face death from the
awful drafts, rain and snow.<br />
Our employers and the factory administrators considered all this to
be illegal: every one of our requests was a crime, and our desire to
improve our condition was slanderous insolence.<br />
Sovereign, there are thousands of us here; outwardly we are human
beings, but in reality neither we nor the Russian people as a whole are
provided with any human rights, even the right to speak, to think, to
assemble, to discuss our needs, or to take measure to improve our
conditions. They have enslaved us and they did so under the protection
of your officials, with their aid and with their cooperation. They
imprison and send into exile any one of us who has the courage to
speak on behalf of the interests of the working class and of the people.
They punish us for a good heart and a responsive spirit as if for a
crime. To pity a down-trodden and tormented person with no rights is to
commit a grave crime.<br />
The entire working people and the peasants are subjected to the
proizvol (arbitrariness) of a bureaucratic administration composed of
embezzlers of public funds and thieves who not only have not concern at
all for the interests of the Russian people but who harm those
interests. The bureaucratic administration has reduced the country to
complete destitution, drawn it into a shameful war, and brings Russia
ever further towards ruin. We, the workers and the people, have no voice
in the expenditure of the enormous sums that are collected from us. We
do not even know where the money collected from the impoverished people
goes. The people are deprived of any possibility of expressing its
wishes and demands, or of participating in the establishment of taxes
and in their expenditure. Workers are deprived of the possibility of
organising into unions to defend their interests.<br />
Sovereign! Does all this accord with the law of God, by Whose grace
you reign? And is it possible to live under such laws? Would it not be
better if we, the toiling people of all Russia, died? Let the
capitalists – exploiters of the working class – and the bureaucrats –
embezzlers of public funds and the pillagers of the Russian people –
live and enjoy themselves.<br />
Sovereign, this is what we face and this is the reason that we have
gathered before the walls of your palace. Here we seek our last
salvation. Do not refuse to come to the aid of your people; lead it out
of the grave of poverty, ignorance, and lack of rights; grant it the
opportunity to determine its own destiny, and deliver it from them the
unbearable yoke of the bureaucrats. Tear down the wall that separates
you from your people and let it rule the country together with you. You
have been placed [on the throne] for the happiness of the people; the
bureaucrats, however, snatch this happiness out of our hands, and it
never reaches us; we get only grief and humiliation.<br />
Sovereign, examine our requests attentively and without any anger;
they incline not to evil, but to the good, both for us and for you. Ours
is not the voice of insolence but of the realisation that we must get
out of a situation that is unbearable for everyone. Russia is too big,
her needs are to diverse and many, for her to be ruled only by
bureaucrats. We need popular representation; it is necessary for the
people to help itself and to administer itself. After all, only the
people knows its real needs… Let the capitalist be there, and the
worker, and the bureaucrat, and the priest, and the doctor and the
teacher. Let everyone, whoever they are, elect their representatives.
Let everyone be free and equal in his voting rights, and to that end
order that elections to the Constituent Assembly be conducted under
universal, secret and equal suffrage…<br />
The following are necessary:<br />
I. Measures against the ignorance of the Russian people and against its lack of rights<br />
1. Immediate freedom and return home for all those who have suffered
for their political and religious convictions, for strike activity, and
for peasant disorders.<br />
2. Immediate proclamation of the freedom and inviolability of the
person, of freedom of speech and of the press, of freedom of assembly,
and of freedom of conscience in matters of religion.<br />
3. Universal and compulsory public education at state expense.<br />
4. Accountability of government ministers to the people and a guarantee of lawful administration.<br />
5. Equality of all before the law without exception.<br />
6. Separation of church and state<br />
II. Measures against the poverty of the people<br />
1. Abolition of indirect taxes and their replacement by a direct, progressive income tax.<br />
2. Abolition of redemption payments, cheap credit, and the gradual transfer of land to the people.<br />
3. Naval Ministry contracts should be filled in Russia, not abroad.<br />
4. Termination of the war according to the will of the people.<br />
II. Measures against the oppression of labor by capital<br />
1. Abolition of the office of factory inspector.<br />
2. Establishment in factories and plants of permanent commissions
elected by the workers, which jointly with the administration are to
investigate all complaints coming from individual workers. A worker
cannot be fired except by a resolution of this commission.<br />
3. Freedom for producer-consumer cooperatives and workers’ trade unions, at once.<br />
4. An eight-hour working day and regulation of overtime work.<br />
5. Freedom for labor to struggle with capital, at once.<br />
6. Wage regulation, at once.<br />
7. Guaranteed participation of representatives of the working classes in drafting a law on state insurance for workers, at once.<br />
These, sovereign, are our main needs, about which we have come to
you… Give the order, swear to meet these needs, and you will make Russia
both happy and glorious, and your name will be fixed in our hearts and
the hearts of our posterity for all time. But if you do not give the
order, if you do not respond to our prayer, then we shall die here, on
this square, in front of your palace. We have nowhere else to go and no
reason to. There are only two roads for us, one to freedom and
happiness, the other to the grave. Let our lives be sacrificed for
suffering Russia. We do not regret that sacrifice, we embrace it
eagerly.<br />
Georgii Gapon, priest<br />
Ivan Vasimov, worker.”</blockquote>
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-81351057125042878262016-03-28T08:45:00.000-04:002016-03-30T10:46:43.272-04:00Wars that cannot be won. Gun rights. The cat with the gun. Who will bell it. Paratge instead.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Gun Control. </b><br />
<b>Can the cat with the gun be belled.</b><br />
<b>If not, what next? </b><br />
<br />
<b>Public Health, Public Safety, Paratge, Individual Rights, want to know.</b></div>
<br />
Connecticut succeeded in an unusual political choice for the times: It expended political energy in working toward an agreement on controls on gun possession and use. It created a broad consensus on pending legislation, before putting the matter to vote. It did so by negotiation rather than forcing a unilateral party agenda based on majorities in House, Senate and holding the Governorship. See<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/05/nyregion/connecticut-lawmakers-pass-gun-limits.html?_r=0"> http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/05/nyregion/connecticut-lawmakers-pass-gun-limits.html?_r=0</a><br />
<div>
Now, Connecticut, prepare for the backlash. Is the concept of paratge, even the face of a cat that cannot be totally belled, effective? Paratge: see<a href="http://www.normanggautreau.com/paratge.html#.VvqKwEdyhOY"> http://www.normanggautreau.com/paratge.html#.VvqKwEdyhOY</a><br />
<br />
A. Education and perspective.<br />
<br />
State-level legislation was the first step, undertaken with a broader degree of mutual respect among opponents than has been found elsewhere. Now the need is for education and perspective.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhynN17PlfYE6LZYiFxPKNyUMqRGh179OfrwcLcilL6DNtiDDX7RfXhVNTASYTUH0rfkwpFTV9Q1uJWP25hcT9WCXmrRNuyfo3YhO8NeJFnNhlIpywayS4qerleO2vF2EOoqZDDH6jAtisv/s1600/022.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhynN17PlfYE6LZYiFxPKNyUMqRGh179OfrwcLcilL6DNtiDDX7RfXhVNTASYTUH0rfkwpFTV9Q1uJWP25hcT9WCXmrRNuyfo3YhO8NeJFnNhlIpywayS4qerleO2vF2EOoqZDDH6jAtisv/s320/022.JPG" width="320" />Gun Control backlash. Stealth and overt.</a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
This particular gun rights cat in Connecticut has been belled, even just a little, but it cannot last in any benefit, without education and perspective.<br />
</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
1.. Old cultural roots for education and perspective:</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
1.1. Aesop. 620 BCE - 564 BCE. See <a href="https://www.umass.edu/aesop/history.php">https://www.umass.edu/aesop/history.php</a><br />
<br />
The scene: A cat is loose. A cat must be belled. Good idea. But who will bell the cat, with political death the consequence for so many? Aesop began the discussion, see <a href="http://www.bartleby.com/17/1/67.html">http://www.bartleby.com/17/1/67.html</a>. His version ended prematurely and negatively and with great pessimism. Beware the easily verbalized solution. It is easy to propose the impossible.<br />
<br />
Aesop's Resolution: None. </div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<br />
1.2. Piers Plowman.<br />
<br />
Fast forward to old Piers Plowman in the middle ages, see Middle English at <a href="https://archive.org/stream/piersplowmanprol00languoft/piersplowmanprol00languoft_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/piersplowmanprol00languoft/piersplowmanprol00languoft_djvu.txt</a>, scroll down to 4 and 44; anad to 47, among other references. His tale, taken broadly and expands from the Aesop version that ended too soon, with only a caveat to beware easy-sounding solutions. There are further steps to take, considerations, rationales, pragmatism even with loss: Visit <span class="yiv3496082665"><i class="yiv3496082665" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3725"><a class="yiv3496082665" href="https://www.sfsu.edu/%7Emedieval/complaintlit/parliament.html" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3722" rel="nofollow" shape="rect" target="_blank">The Parliament of the Rats and Mice</a></i></span><br />
<br />
<span class="yiv3496082665"><i class="yiv3496082665" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3725">Get rid of this cat, and there will be another. Get rid of all cats that curb mice and rats, and mice and rats get out of control, even as to ourselves. Ergo, let the cat be, hope it gets the easier prey of conies (little rabbits) than we, who can and must look after our own. </i></span><br />
</div>
<div>
The mice had said, </div>
<div>
<br />
“We are so full of fear that we dare not speak
out! And if we complain about his game (the cat's) he will give us all grief; he
will scratch or claw us and hold us in his clutches, and make our life
hateful before he lets us pass. If we had the wit to withstand his
will, we could be lofty lords and live at our ease.”<br />
<br />
Who will bell the cat? Also ask what afterwards. </div>
<div class="yiv3496082665" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3675">
<br class="yiv3496082665" clear="none" />
So, the wit to withstand is a large part of the long-term solution, not touting the solution of the bell when there is no way to implement it.</div>
<div class="yiv3496082665" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3639">
<br class="yiv3496082665" clear="none" /></div>
<div class="yiv3496082665" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3617">
And if this cat is gone, “Though we had killed the cat, another would come
to catch us and all our kind, although we creep under benches. </div>
<div class="yiv3496082665" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3637">
<br class="yiv3496082665" clear="none" /></div>
<div class="yiv3496082665" dir="ltr" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3798">
Therefore each must keep to his own.<br />
<br />
1.3 Paratge in western history; and in Pacific cultures, some. The striving for dignity for all. Its suffocation in the Albigensian Crusades, for example. Does it live? See <a href="http://www.midi-france.info/190403_paratge.htm">http://www.midi-france.info/190403_paratge.htm </a></div>
<div class="yiv3496082665" dir="ltr" id="yiv3496082665yui_3_16_0_ym18_1_1458777249590_3815">
<br class="yiv3496082665" clear="none" /></div>
B. Education and perspective where a cat cannot be belled: applied economics<br />
<br />
Prepare, and protect, and prevent, and do not patronize.<br />
<br />
1. Individuals can act, but many will not be so inclined to these common sense measures. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Financial starvation. Don't patronize the products or the cat stores. Tax the cat. So, starve the beast. Starve the cat. Support somehow other amusements than ones making
you gasp for the violence. Cut the profit margins of the industry. Learn
about the second amendment,and not from the NRA. from GunDaddy,
legislate, and avoid all those terms that cause backlash.</li>
</ul>
Appeals to individuals alone, despite legislation, will not reach the problem owners, however. Understood, and accept.<br />
<br />
2. In the oldest form of the story, in Piers Plowman, see <a href="http://migratorypatterns.blogspot.com/search/label/Piers%20Plowman#%21/2009/04/who-will-bell-cat-piers-plowman-and.html">Who will bell the cat.</a> There, the wise mouse points out after no-one will step up to bell the cat, that even the cat serves a purpose; and so long as the cat's opportunities are restricted, the community will not be swallowed up. The community, however, must act to protect itself, knowing however that some will still be lost. Reduce, as far as you can, those who may be, says wise mouse.<br />
<br />
c. Can Connecticut combine sensibilities on how to forge agreements among opponents.<br />
<br />
Spot the talking points, the viral one-sided emails, and object to the one carrying, the one sending. Then get your own news elsewhere.<br />
<br />
Keep informed about where the cat is. Watch out and report.<br />
<br />
A community that sees something should say something. If you feel intimidated at a public gathering, you can bet that was the purpose of the form of carry, for example. Use your phone video discreetly. There is a right to peaceable, peaceful assembly, and open carry does not foster voluntary peace or mutual respect. The old idea of mutual respect, courtesy, inclusion, was <i>Paratge</i> -- a medieval concept, buried under militant Crusades. Shall we revive it. Do a search. Connecticut in practice already has moved in that direction. <br />
<br />
<br />
We have a degree of confidence that this legislation will bear some good fruit, so, thank you, Connecticut. Connecticut Pride. Connecticut Pride was the name of an old
basketball team, and is a term used in various contexts, and applied with gusto
here. The work has just begun. </div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-56366180585827006142016-02-12T11:39:00.000-05:002016-02-12T11:39:20.647-05:00Dostoevsky. Theory of Violence. Love of Destruction<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Dostoevsky on Violence. </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
A root cause: Love of destroying.
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMG-frTPGpYh6f2wkiItg9R3OnspONUaP8CQzbE16f-Dvt1N_NRhkZLLUzxEMnw7c04117HhNCajtRUIt5TwQMIyMZPs_ujZZQTtFCwQgX1ffuRhW9Gc9QXcR_-daCaN3PRiYqGMSf-Pv2/s1600/104_5530.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMG-frTPGpYh6f2wkiItg9R3OnspONUaP8CQzbE16f-Dvt1N_NRhkZLLUzxEMnw7c04117HhNCajtRUIt5TwQMIyMZPs_ujZZQTtFCwQgX1ffuRhW9Gc9QXcR_-daCaN3PRiYqGMSf-Pv2/s320/104_5530.JPG" width="320" />Peter and Paul Fortress, St. Petersburg, Russia. Fragment of exhibit, the Revolution. There, a mix: Conflict for survival purposes; as well as destruction of a status quo.</a></div>
<br />
Fyodor Dostoevsky give the fig * to scholarly research on the origins of violence in human groups and individuals, whether seeking empire and a life of luxe through booty, for ideology, or just dominance in the hovel. He suggests a simple key. He explores the issue of violence through love, would you believe: What does man love most: is it creating, or destroying.<br />
<br />
Destruction wins.<br />
<span style="text-align: right;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-align: right;">Dostoevesky ,1821-1881, writes in</span><span style="text-align: right;"> </span><i style="text-align: right;"></i><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Notes_from_Underground.html?id=ywJ0427-6nAC" style="text-align: right;"><i>Notes from Underground</i></a><span style="text-align: right;">, </span><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Man loves creating and the making of roads, that is indisputable. But why does he so passionately love destruction and chaos as well? Tell me that! But of this I wish specially to say a couple of words myself.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Can it be that he has such a love of destruction and chaos (it's indisputable that he sometimes loves them very much; that is a fact) because he is instinctively afraid of achieving the goal and completing the edifice he is creating? </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
How do you know, maybe he likes the edifice only from far off, and by no means up close; maybe he only likes creating it, and not living in it, leaving it afterwards <i>aux animaux domestiques</i>, such as ants, sheep, and so on and so forth."</blockquote>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
Notes from Underground. see <span style="text-align: right;">trans.</span><span style="text-align: right;"> Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky, 1993, at p.33, with p</span>aragraph separation added above.<br />
<br />
The book is available online in an inconvenient click-chapter-by-chapter format , but manageable, at<a href="http://www.pagebypagebooks.com/Fyodor_Dostoevsky/Notes_from_the_Underground/"> http://www.pagebypagebooks.com/Fyodor_Dostoevsky/Notes_from_the_Underground/</a></div>
</div>
<br />
So: Test the theory that love of violence exceeds love of a static creation. Will any stasis, benign or malignant, be disrupted, complications added in, <i>just because</i>. Is violence for an immediate survival need, where there are limited resources, more laudable (if violence is laudable) than violence for purposes of empire, ideology, booty accumulation, or domination for its own sake. What is more motivational in song and story: which love.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
..........................................................................</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
* <i>Giving the fig:</i><br />
A "rude gesture made by inserting the thumb between the closed fingers of the fist. The 'fig in the pocket' is a covert form of the same gesture, widely used in Russia, especially by intellectuals during the Soviet period, as an expression of dissent." <i> Notes</i> at 133.<br />
[Then move on to another issue in <i>Notes from Underground</i>:<br />
Ask which is better, cheap happiness or exalted suffering, another topic.]</blockquote>
</div>
</div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-48076076557093191532016-01-08T07:24:00.000-05:002016-01-08T09:48:06.080-05:00Propaganda Wars. Spot propaganda tactics: campaigns and other sales events.<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Update. Mein Kampf republished. On the occasion of the return of Hitler's Mein Kampf to bookshelves, see<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/09/world/europe/mein-kampf-hitler-germany.html?_r=0"> NYT January 9, 2016 (online advance), Hitler's Manifesto returns to German Shelves,</a> analyze the political "hateful eight" persuasion techniques used then, and now. Provide scorecards to people to tick off the tactic noted: somebody offer a prize. <br />
<br />
Think acronym <i>ISSFOODR</i>, derived from <i>Mein Kampf</i>, Chapter 6 focus:<br />
1. Induce fear, identity loss; <br />
2. Spin and sloganeer;<br />
3. Scapegoat - the Big Lie; <br />
4. Focus on the masses, ignore arguments of intellectuals;<br />
5. Obstruct inconvenient facts;<br />
6. Obliterate humanitarianism, promote self; <br />
7. Do not debate on merits; (we do have "debates" consisting of adjective-slinging) <br />
8. Repeat. <br />
................................................................................ <br />
<br />
Earlier post:<br />
<br />
Wars of words, tactics, persuasion. Even <a href="http://www.voanews.com/?refresh=1">Voice of America</a> is at a methodological crossroads. Should it rev up its own propaganda machine, in order to counter the superior propandanda methods of others, or focus on merit, facts, see <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/us/signs-of-turmoil-seen-for-voice-of-america.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/us/signs-of-turmoil-seen-for-voice-of-america.html </a>What is America's position anyway, its face to the world? The candidates offer their views. Now the voters can choose to adopt and run, or take some effort to vet policy from propaganda.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF5EB7HNemU5uTDdg9Brj78IDvAmaE_EH9fKM8iarZWj0P3kLnFtMzpFWn9aj23x3tbc8fvpxE90km0jLhgqkkscj9qbyxOBdPOBt7bbmDvHjWcn6qNay-pPuLD6d49AkwtiE2tId-AbAS/s1600/WidukindBr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF5EB7HNemU5uTDdg9Brj78IDvAmaE_EH9fKM8iarZWj0P3kLnFtMzpFWn9aj23x3tbc8fvpxE90km0jLhgqkkscj9qbyxOBdPOBt7bbmDvHjWcn6qNay-pPuLD6d49AkwtiE2tId-AbAS/s1600/WidukindBr.jpg" width="254" />The Candidates.**</a></div>
<br />
For the voter, there are some aids to separating out policy from propaganda, posturing, dressing the speech to fit the audience. Other areas of persuasion are beyond individual reach: some of the most persuasive persuasion techniques go under the individual's radar, affect reaction without awareness. Test with wires and breathing and where the brain lights up and sweat the words, images, signals. The create the masterpiece.<br />
<br />
With that in mind, start with the<i> overt</i> propaganda techniques.<br />
<br />
<b>Propaganda Inroads</b><br />
<br />
Induce fear, identity loss<br />
Spin and sloganeer<br />
Scapegoat- The Big Lie<br />
Focus on the masses, ignore arguments of intellectuals<br />
Obstruct inconvenient facts<br />
Obliterate humanitarianism, promote self<br />
Do not debate<br />
Repeat<br />
<br />
That list should sound familiar. It has been around since the 1920's* and has flowered ever since, in many commercial sales forms, and in all dysfunctional governments.<br />
<br />
In an age of acronyms where initial letters group to create a new word, a mnemonic for memory, the acronym here could be the easily pronounced but long ISSFOODR. <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Think of a mnemonic for propaganda tactics: ISSFOODR: <i>In shifty speeches, find other objectives driving rhetoric.</i></li>
</ul>
Take that little list and back-slash and cross-hatch a mark, on your own scorecard for propaganda in politics, each time you spot one.<br />
<br />
Propaganda wars may be fought on battlefields that neuroadvertising slides beneath consciousness, but that need not be the end game. Demand transparency: what advertising firms are hired by the candidate, what are the backgrounds of the speechwriters, who are the consultants. Do we have a right to know? At least, ask.<br />
<br />
.........................................................<br />
* See the 1939 translation, Chapter 6, <a href="http://www.std.com/obi/Adolph.Hitler/unpacked/mkv1ch06.html"><u>My Struggle</u></a><br />
<br />
** Candidate. This one looks like the Saxon Widukind, picture from a mass mailing last year, without attribution of picture, and propagandizing me to go to some seminar or other so I, too, could look like that. Our own Widukind, see <a href="http://germanyroadways.blogspot.com/2010/12/enger-widukind-saxon-bane-of.html">http://germanyroadways.blogspot.com/2010/12/enger-widukind-saxon-bane-of.html</a></div>
Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5101883001763984575.post-39214532092657304222015-11-18T08:30:00.001-05:002015-12-12T05:37:12.075-05:00Russia. Bases for the Social Concept. Mindsets. If fixed, what is holy, what is intransigent. Human autonomy. <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Bases for the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church: Fusion of Church and State.</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ask: Do firm, uncontested, convinced religious positions foster or avoid wars.<br />
Consider expressive autonomy v tradition: which keeps the peace.<br />
Why not fusion in another, more creative application: the martyr Pavel Florensky?<br />
Father Pavel Florensky, Russia 1937. </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs3_J0cTs3F6Y0DLaJJ9bf9Hd4ttgklUVZMsoafNXCWN44wYZum3hlR3fviYP-_7JlqMr2ga8OVq6aacWN5cUP7X9kFvviKn31EYjFhcnA-SxZnmmpmSgtUkZF2BjyqsoBVvUwqdwldgM/s1600/DSCN1478.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs3_J0cTs3F6Y0DLaJJ9bf9Hd4ttgklUVZMsoafNXCWN44wYZum3hlR3fviYP-_7JlqMr2ga8OVq6aacWN5cUP7X9kFvviKn31EYjFhcnA-SxZnmmpmSgtUkZF2BjyqsoBVvUwqdwldgM/s320/DSCN1478.JPG" width="320" />Gateway, Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra Monastery, Sergey-Posad, Russia</a></div>
<br />
I. Basis of the Social Concept, topics<br />
II. Highlights, roles of Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra Monastery in cultural matters<br />
III.
Portents. What room for critical thinking, vetting fact basis, new
solution patterns, as shown by graduate Father Pavel Florensky.<br />
<br />
<b>I. Basis of the Social Concept: topics</b><br />
<br />
A. The <i>Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate, Sacred Bishops' Council</i>, adopted a position paper released November 15, 2015, entitled <a href="http://orthodoxeurope.org/page/3/14.aspx">The Bases of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church</a>, or alternatively, the document in a sectioned framework at <a href="https://mospat.ru/en/documents/social-concepts/">The Basis of the Social Concept.</a><br />
<br />
The document includes some 16 basic provisions for Church teaching, apparently to be immutable, on
relations between church and state, and socially important problems including international.<br />
<br />
B. Topics covered in <a href="https://mospat.ru/en/documents/social-concepts/">The Basis of the Social Concept</a> include, with some
annotation to highlight definitions and how concepts are to be applied: Click on the website for each topic.<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Basic Theological Provisions</li>
<li>Church and nation, "as ethnic community and aggregate citizens of a particular state"</li>
<li>Church and state </li>
<li>Christian ethics and secular law </li>
<li>Church and politics</li>
<li>Labour and its fruits</li>
<li>Property </li>
<li>War and peace [many topics. Example, </li>
<ul>
<li>"While recognising war as evil,
the Church does not prohibit her children from participating in
hostilities if at stake is the security of their<i> neighbours</i> and the <i>restoration of trampled justice</i>. Then war is considered to be" a necessary though undesirable means, and continues to cite Augustine's <i>Just War</i>
concept, in the early joint Christian tradition</li>
<li>The topic notes how difficult it
is to discern aggression from defense. Military is to be brought back to
established Orthodox tradition of service to Fatherland, for example. </li>
<li> Do read the entire paper.</li>
</ul>
<li>Crime, punishment and reformation</li>
<li>Personal, family and public morality</li>
<li>Personal and national health</li>
<li>Problems of bio-ethics (includes family planning issues, cloning, transplants, euthanasia, homosexuality)</li>
<li>Church and ecological problems</li>
<li>Secular science, culture and education</li>
<li>Church and mass media</li>
<li>International relation: </li>
<ul>
<li>Problems of globalisation and secularism,; many topics. </li>
<ul>
<li>Example, "Recent history has shown that the separation of
several states in Eurasia has brought an artificial rupture between
peoples, families and business communities and led to the forced
resettling and ousting of various ethnic, religious and social groups,
in which they have also lost their shrines. The attempt to create
mono-national states on the ruins of unions have led to bloody
inter-ethnic conflicts which shook Eastern Europe."</li>
<li>"In view of the
above-mentioned, it is necessary to recognise the benefit of inter-state
unions which have as their goals to unite efforts in political and
economic spheres, to create common defence against external threats and
to help the victims of aggression."</li>
<li>"In implementing a policy
obligatory by an international agreement or
action of an international organisation, governments should maintain
the spiritual, cultural and other identity of their countries and
nations and the legitimate interests of their states."</li>
<li>Again, do read the entire paper. Highlights here are personal only. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ol>
<br />
C. This document is to be taught in the theological
schools, and that would include the Moscow Ecclesiastical Academy at
Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra Monastery Sergey Posad, near Moscow.
.Context: a video at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57wUmQepi1Y&list=PLASqgrF39YJsEsq9jGSIeVLOu-Bo9NWPA&index=6">Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, Sergey Posad; views, bells, music</a>,<br />
<br />
<b>II. Highlights, role of Trinity-St. Sergius Monastery in the now evolved (and final?) Bases of the Social Concept.</b><br />
<br />
A. The Basis of the Social Concept will be taught here, as well as in all other monasteries, theological schools.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Trinity-St. Sergius. is a prominent Lavra monastery with its own
long history in tandem with the interests of the ruling bodies through
alliances, supporting the people in times of invasion, surviving
confiscation of church property by Catherine the Great in 1764 when the
Church strength and riches were seen as a threat to the throne; further
confiscation in 1917-1920 in the Soviet era, and now the return of
confiscated property (including some that had been confiscated from
private or other non-official Church entitites), see <i>Russia to Return Church Property</i>, at <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/europe/24iht-moscow.html?_r=0">http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/world/europe/24iht-moscow.html?_r=0</a> </li>
</ul>
B.<b> </b> Groundwork was laid here: <b> </b>This position paper
follows a 2004 major conference also at Trinity-St. Sergius Monastery,
Sergey Posad, Russia, on church-state-world affairs. Topics there were
similar, but only referenced, not detailed as to discussions, see See
<a href="http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/01newstucture/pagesen/news04/serposad.html">http://www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws/01newstucture/pagesen/news04/serposad.html:</a><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Contemporary life of the Russian Orthodox Church outside Russia and the prospects for harmonious relations (rapprochement), </li>
<li>The nature of the opposition to seeking harmonious relations,</li>
<li>The "Social Concept" which is the term often used for the relationship of Church and State (do a search)</li>
<li>The principle or goal of attaining unity among Christian churches of the world (ecumenism)</li>
<li> The use of "Church Slavonic" [Hear it, chant, the Beatitudes, at <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2it--2P-ag">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2it--2P-ag</a>]</li>
<li>The "development of theology and church music, pastoral and missionary work." </li>
</ul>
C. Of interest now is the Bases of the Social Concept of the
Russian Orthodox Church, D. What does this signal for ideas of
unification of ideas, championed by a priest of this monastery who was
executed for those ideas in 1937? Distinguished graduate, teacher,
polymath <a href="https://www.blogger.com/1882-1937.%20Life%20of%20Pavel%20Florensky,%20polymath.%20Philosopher,%20scientist,%20theologian,%20priest,%20mathematician,%20art%20critic%20%22Renaissance%20Man%22%20but%20searching%20for%20more%20than%20knowledge,%20searching%20for%20unity%20or%20rational%20intuitionism,%20as%20the%202011%20Oxford%20paper%20by%20Anya%20Yermakova%20suggests:%20%20Pavel%20Florensky,%20see%20theories%20of%20unifying%20religion%20and%20rational%20thought%20at%20Maathematical%20Foundation%20in%20Pavel%20Florensky%27s%20Worldview">Pavel Florensky</a> * 1882-1937, executed.<br />
<br />
<b>III. Portents. </b><br />
<br />
A. Does the Basis for the Social Concept signal a reaffirmation of the end of critical thought, so that facts stated cannot be vetted; and warfare or persecution is the only resolution where there is disagreement.<br />
<br />
1. Meet Pavel Florensky 1882-1937. In 1904, he entered the Ecclesiastical Academy at
Trinity-St. Sergius, was ordained, taught philosophy there, sought to
unify approaches to analysis, in rational and intuitive-religious, and
in disciplines to that time separate, within mathematics, sciences. Fusion: a concept he fostered. Unification. A concept that requires some compromise.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Philosopher, scientist,
electromagnetist (worked on providing electricity to rural Russia, and
was recommended by Leon Trotsky), theologian, priest, folklorist,
interest in adelphopoeisis, mathematician, art critic.</li>
<li> "Renaissance Man" but
searching for more than knowledge, searching for unity or <i>rational intuitionism</i>,
as the 2011 Oxford paper by Anya Yermakova suggests: Pavel Florensky,
see theories of unifying religion and rational thought at <a href="http://www.anyayermakova.com/links/words/Florensky_AY.pdf">Mathematical Foundation in Pavel Florensky's Worldview</a></li>
<li> Interpreted the theory of relativity in geometric terms, a matter
considered in
Stalin era as "agitationist" against the system; and so was exiled,
imprisoned. </li>
<ul>
<li>Legend holds that he refused to disclose the location of he
head of St. Sergius, that the communists sought to destroy. </li>
<li>In 1937, he
was shot near St. Petersburg and was buried in a mass (site says
secret?) grave with 30,000 others also executed. The relic was indeed
saved.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
* See <a href="http://everything.explained.today/Pavel_Florensky/">Resource reference, Bryan Cryer: Encyclopedia, "Everything Explained Today"</a><br />
<br />
2. What next, if anything. Is the concept of Unification, Fusion, and the compromise, creativity it stands for, now firmly dead along with Father Pavel Florensk. Fusion as the undoing of Pavel Florensky. He did not survive the
soviet era of no compromise, no alternate viewpoint except the official.<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>What
does this position paper with its reliance on its own tradition and
interpretations signal for ideas of unification championed by a genius
priest
of this monastery who was executed for those ideas in 1937?
Distinguished graduate, teacher, polymath <a href="https://www.blogger.com/1882-1937.%20Life%20of%20Pavel%20Florensky,%20polymath.%20Philosopher,%20scientist,%20theologian,%20priest,%20mathematician,%20art%20critic%20%22Renaissance%20Man%22%20but%20searching%20for%20more%20than%20knowledge,%20searching%20for%20unity%20or%20rational%20intuitionism,%20as%20the%202011%20Oxford%20paper%20by%20Anya%20Yermakova%20suggests:%20%20Pavel%20Florensky,%20see%20theories%20of%20unifying%20religion%20and%20rational%20thought%20at%20Maathematical%20Foundation%20in%20Pavel%20Florensky%27s%20Worldview">Pavel Florensky</a> * 1882-1937, executed.</li>
</ul>
Fusion:
This idea has been around. See the underpass at Pushkin
Square, Moscow, where there is a quotation in English on a wall mural
recognizing the evocative, motivational power of fusion: Fusion
and <a href="http://www.online-literature.com/alexander-pushkin/">Alexander Pushkin</a>, 1799-1837. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNCvCcpMeNqsBB6TsR0muPqEiNS9fHmr8LBvSm3VnC_b9YBGOKCTh0RdwvqAsRlvzzhv33B_yie7mSARj8_AYiktRiuCQyq0OpeWto5qbYdyuoIrPSYEy1QbAGxFTsds_-jVkoJq8RTuPL/s1600/102_5270.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNCvCcpMeNqsBB6TsR0muPqEiNS9fHmr8LBvSm3VnC_b9YBGOKCTh0RdwvqAsRlvzzhv33B_yie7mSARj8_AYiktRiuCQyq0OpeWto5qbYdyuoIrPSYEy1QbAGxFTsds_-jVkoJq8RTuPL/s320/102_5270.JPG" width="320" />Pushkin on Fusion, Moscow underpass, Pushkin Square.</a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
"Moscow... how many strains are fusing in that one sound, for Russian hearts! what store of riches it imparts!"<br />
<br />
A.S. Pushkin. Chapter VII of <i>Eugene Onegin. </i></blockquote>
B. When compromise is denigrated as breach of
principle, committing the sin of denying someone else's idea of Truth, is there any alternative to force. No possibility of coexistence. What of Russia-Ukraine: whose truth. See <a href="https://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/sites/daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/files/Webinar_CrisisUkraine.pdf">https://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/sites/daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/files/Webinar_CrisisUkraine.pdf</a>, <br />
<br />
Is this so: That there cannot be compromise in this era of polarization without the clergy, who control the tap for believer emotion, that politicians then tap into. Is that a key here? This paper on the Bases for the Social
Concept suggests there can be no compromise, because this religious view
is essentially ordained, this nation particularly protected by the
deity.<br />
<br />
C. Now: With the<i> Basis for the Social Concept</i>,. what
happens when people knock on doors? Are patterns of exclusion so fixed
that they cannot get through no matter what the papers say. <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigmxOCUiZR2CJTk1EtbphGVw6BUzSG_huTeopaH8Xtt-gYIstrqDjPqFCLXpphyphenhyphenIKEK-iKZK5C5Y81KtvXO7YExhHYxPPyV6vnDW0Gj-dLQHR5q_niHr2mHaiIw6bQLdlP5RUS8N2_ULc/s1600/IMG_0293.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigmxOCUiZR2CJTk1EtbphGVw6BUzSG_huTeopaH8Xtt-gYIstrqDjPqFCLXpphyphenhyphenIKEK-iKZK5C5Y81KtvXO7YExhHYxPPyV6vnDW0Gj-dLQHR5q_niHr2mHaiIw6bQLdlP5RUS8N2_ULc/s320/IMG_0293.JPG" width="240" />Lion's Head door knocker, Refectory, Trinity St. Sergius Lavra, Sergiyev Posad, Russia</a></div>
. <br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
Why read another nation's state church document, if the people themselves cannot question it. Read the <i>Bases of the Social Concept </i>for many reasons. Study
it for personal as well as political reasons, to better understand
others' faith and culture. How is it the same or different from
positions taken by some groups in this country, or anywhere else.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Are issues of conservative or liberal there similar to ours here. To be
read: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PISQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=social+concept+russia&source=bl&ots=8uBD8OgniS&sig=TXL3Am5GuqXiQ-RMnXvrUZriq1g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBWoVChMI_NTZqv-ZyQIVhTgmCh3hBAv2#v=onepage&q=social%20concept%20russia&f=false">Conservative Christian Politics in Russia and the United States</a>, by John Anderson 2015. </li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Church articulation: does that cast light on what is happening behind the closed political doors. Framing issues is a
familiar tool of persuasion-- any institution relies on it to keep its
support. </li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul></ul>
</ul>
Study it for academic religious reasons, if the scriptural
grounding of positions interests you at all. What is being left out of the conclusive conclusion<br />
<br />
Study it for history: With the close
relationship of the Church in Russia with political
goals historically, watch if now the ties will tighten further, no daylight for criticism of either. If there is a pattern of closed doors to autonomous thought, similar positions repeated
through the years, how to discern whether that is religion or culture
talking. <br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnROWZO8Yhji1CorGJ6IFOTabD8JzgxUTcl_ehPWqfahiA8_bRXrAoScknm5QeWrDeQawhLlJEAh8edNIiMIP3USoUWba2zrHJvSswDuJFg6UF4klGukuLPtPJ8daKlgaBEX9kfg-Dpe0/s1600/scan0102.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnROWZO8Yhji1CorGJ6IFOTabD8JzgxUTcl_ehPWqfahiA8_bRXrAoScknm5QeWrDeQawhLlJEAh8edNIiMIP3USoUWba2zrHJvSswDuJFg6UF4klGukuLPtPJ8daKlgaBEX9kfg-Dpe0/s320/scan0102.jpg" width="221" />Patterns social, religious, political. Repeat repeat. Our Navajo covering.</a> <br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusion: </b> Nationalism emerges as a primary theme in the <i>Bases for the Social Concept</i>.
Scriptural and other texts that are cited are only those in support of
the group's premise. That gives the appearance of no other perspective
even even at the time, however, and that is hardly so as to many of the
topics (an issue for someone to form a rebuttal, perhaps). If the
Church's identification with the goal of this uniform social concept,
justifications for expansion and force, and that stance informs the
politicians and their decisions to the exclusion of other examination,
the paper becomes even more significant for meaning. It also means that
further rational thought or review is dismissed because of a<i> <a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/stare_decisis">stare decisis</a></i>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw7nrNEX2RoM8_DWWivotCdNYcQegPL9D6w8dJkXjqe7gz1hTjhncL1oW6pPkH9RyhObe3Jg-r-Zq0XPg93JRbQOwUEjl7Lc7hOSwPIxYFaaA4-_jWHhzIUoW5VMUHiN1KPoCvWT3fN6nE/s1600/102_5327.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw7nrNEX2RoM8_DWWivotCdNYcQegPL9D6w8dJkXjqe7gz1hTjhncL1oW6pPkH9RyhObe3Jg-r-Zq0XPg93JRbQOwUEjl7Lc7hOSwPIxYFaaA4-_jWHhzIUoW5VMUHiN1KPoCvWT3fN6nE/s320/102_5327.JPG" width="240" />Doors.
Interpretation of texts get walled over. Znamensky
Monastery, Moscow.</a></div>
<br />
Cultures that may believe themselves as different, may close the same doors. See <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PISQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=social+concept+russia&source=bl&ots=8uBD8OgniS&sig=TXL3Am5GuqXiQ-RMnXvrUZriq1g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBWoVChMI_NTZqv-ZyQIVhTgmCh3hBAv2#v=onepage&q=social%20concept%20russia&f=false">Conservative Christian Politics in Russia and the United States</a>, by John Anderson 2015. <br />
<br />
...................................................................... <br />
<br />
FN 1<br />
<br />
The Russian Orthodox Church is becoming more familiar to the US, with
many of us interested in learning more. A start for the West in learning: see <a href="http://countrystudies.us/russia/38.htm">http://countrystudies.us/russia/38.htm</a>.
Vet it, as any other summary, to see what is correct from the Church's
viewpoint, and where not.<br />
<br />
So far, it seems clear that the Russian
Orthodox Church, as any other religion, sees national, world and
personal life, as proper subjects for Church comment and thrust, without separation of jurisdictions church and state. With an
overall framework that looks ok (not perfect), continue learning about
the Russian Orthodox
Church from a chronology. Find that at <a href="http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Russia">http://orthodoxwiki.org/Timeline_of_Orthodoxy_in_Russia.</a><br />
<br />
Why read another nation's state church document? Read the <i>Bases of the Social Concept </i>for many reasons:<br />
<br />
Study
it for personal as well as political reasons, to better understand
others' faith and culture. How is it the same or different from
positions taken by some groups in this country, or anywhere else.<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Are issues of conservative or liberal there similar to ours here. Or
is there no liberal branch? or midground? Is this mono-ethnic. To be
read: <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PISQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18&dq=social+concept+russia&source=bl&ots=8uBD8OgniS&sig=TXL3Am5GuqXiQ-RMnXvrUZriq1g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBWoVChMI_NTZqv-ZyQIVhTgmCh3hBAv2#v=onepage&q=social%20concept%20russia&f=false">Conservative Christian Politics in Russia and the United States</a>, by John Anderson 2015. </li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Church articulation of how, why and when to foster nationalism and
other issues again can help in understanding. How to frame intervention
across borders so it becomes noble is not new. Framing issues is a
familiar tool of persuasion-- any institution relies on it to keep its
support. </li>
</ul>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><ul>
<li>The document appears to represent a conclusive position paper on where
the church stands on these issues. Is that so? </li>
<li>There will always be
modifications and amendments down the line, but for now, this looks
complete. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
Study it for academic religious reasons, if the scriptural
grounding of positions interests you. What is the role of context,
autonomy in interpretation of those texts (the document suggests that is
not appropriate), and who <i>decides</i> when an act is aggression, or merely helping a deserving neighbor <i>restore </i>an
earlier trampled-upon justice. Pick from the topics any aspect of
personal, national, state, institutional, international life, and see
how the Church positions itself and on what textual ground. What are the
words.<br />
<br />
Study it for history: With the close
relationship of the Church in Russia with political
goals historically, watch if now the ties will be so tight that there is
no room for criticism of either. In old days, Church and State vied at
times. The Church was reined in by Catherine the Great in 1764 when it
got too
wealthy, too powerful; and again in Soviet times 1930's for when it was
persecuted also for its hold on the people. It is resurgent now, I
understand; and available again as a tool as well as an inspiration.
How are people to discern.<br />
<br />
Concern: <br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li> Is it possible that some Russian Orthodox can use this Social
Concept position paper to echo what happened it the West beginning
centuries ago, when one interpretation of many-sided scriptures was
forced upon all "believers." Enter crusades, witch-hunts, divine right
to kill others, religious wars that handily also served the civil
powers. </li>
<ul>
<li>Here there is an institutional warning against dilution of required
ideology, against cooperation with other-believers because no-one else
can be trusted except their own authorities, unifying all behind that
one ideology, to back one view of Truth, </li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>Is political intervention now to be seen as a religious war, where
emotions overtake reason.power,colonization as our right. It just takes
selective scripture interpretation.</li>
</ul>
<li>A similar Eastern clarion call to beware cooperation began years ago, in 1998, see <a href="http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/east_orth.aspx">http://orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/east_orth.aspx </a> </li>
<li>It <a href="https://02varvara.wordpress.com/category/ecumenism/">continues </a></li>
</ul>
So: each side now reverts to misusing the old <a href="http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl201/modules/Philosophers/Augustine/augustine_justwar.html">Just War of Augustine</a>,
that was so misused in the West, and led to inquisitions and crusades
and kept heretic-hunts on the agenda for centuries. as part of the
church mission, is relevant to how we read the news. </div>
<br />
Time to look again at St. Sergius, the humility, but also
the beginning role of church and state hand in hand, fine when
autonomous interests of common people are also so served, see <a href="http://letterboxd.com/film/the-life-of-saint-sergius/">http://letterboxd.com/film/the-life-of-saint-sergius/ </a>There was autonomy in that day.<br />
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Carol Widinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11331887976767892283noreply@blogger.com0